JEAN WATSON- Theory Of transpersonal caring

Question 1

“We are the light in the institutional darkness, and in this model we get to return the light to our humanity”

Answer 1

Maragaret Jean Watson, 2012

Question 2

Where and when was Jean Watson born?

Answer 2

born in a small, close-knit town in the Mountains of West Virginia in the 1940s.

Question 3

Where and when was watson graduated

Answer 3

Lewis Gale School of Nursing, West Virginia 1961

• Earned a Bachelor of Science degree in 1964 at the University of Colorado
•Master of Science degree in psychiatric and mental health nursing in 1966

Question 4

She has doctorate degree in educational psychology and counseling in 1973
• joined the nursing faculty at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center
• director of the doctoral program, dean of the School, of Nursing

Answer 4

Maragaret Jean Watson

Question 5

Made the Center for Human Caring at the University of Colorado to develop and use knowledge of human caring and
healing in nursing and to assist in efforts to transform the healthcare system into a more care-centered entity.

Answer 5

Margaret Jean Watson

Question 6

She founded the WATSON CARING SCIENCE INSTITUTE, a living legend in 2013

Answer 6

Jean watson

Question 7

“all human beings have an inherent need to participate in caring exchanges, both as giver and receiver, and that nursing holds the essence of this fundamental need”

Answer 7

Jean Watson

Question 8

Why did she create the theory

Answer 8

Watson’s commitment:
professional role and mission of nursing; ethical covenant with society as sustaining human caring and preserving human dignity; attending to and helping to sustain human dignity, humanity, and wholeness in the midst of threats and crises of life and death

Question 9

•Plan was to bring new meaning and dignity to nursing
• Used concepts from personal and professional experience
• Inducted, grounded, and combined with ethical,
intellectual, and experimental background.
• The goal was to enhance the public view of humanity and life in correlation with nursing

Answer 9

Theory of Transpersonal caring by Jean Watson

Question 10

Many men and women enter the nursing field because they see is as a career that cares about people.
Compassion is often a trait required of nurses since taking care of patients needs their primary purpose.
Jean Watsons philosophy and science of caring addresses how nurses care for their patients, and how that caring translates into better health plans to help patients get healthy.

Answer 10

According to jean Watson

Question 11

7 assumption for Watsons Model

Answer 11

-1. Caring can be effectively demonstrated and practiced only interpersonally
2. Caring consist of carative factors that result in the satisfaction of certain human needs
3. Effective caring promotes health and individual or family growth
4.Caring responses accept the patient as he or she is now as well as what he or she may become
•5. A caring environment is one that offers the development of potential while allowing the patient to choose the best action for himself/herself at a given point in time
6. A science of caring is complementary to the science of curing
7. The practice of caring is central to nursing

Question 12

Watsons Philosophy of HUMAN CARING

Answer 12

Human caring is… thinking related to intentionality connects with the concepts of consciousness, energy.. If our conscious intentionality is to hold thoughts that are caring, loving, open, kind, and receptive, in contrast to an intentionality to control, manipulate and have power over, the consequences will be significant…based on the different levels of consciousness. And energy associated with the different thought.

Question 13

Major elements of Watsons Theory

Answer 13

• Clinical caritas processes (Carative)
• Transpersonal caring relationships
• Caring moments/caring occasions

Question 14

What is Carative

Answer 14

Caring with love, from the term caritas that means to cherish, appreciate and attention

Question 15

Watsons 10 Carative Factors

Answer 15

1 .Formation of a humanistic-altruistic system of values
2. Instillation of faith-hope
3. Cultivation of sensitivity to one’s self and to others
4. Development of a helping-trusting, humancaring relationship
5.Promotion and acceptance of the expression of positive and negative feelings

6.Systematic use of a creative problem solving caring process
7. Promotion of transpersonal teaching-learning
8. Provision for a supportive, protective, and/or corrective mental, physical, societal, &spiritual environment
9. Assistance with gratification of human needs
10. Allowance for existential phenomenological- spiritual forces
(Watson, 2014)

Question 16

• Begins developmentally at an early age with values shared with the parents.
• Mediated through one’s own life experiences, the learning one gains and exposure to the húmanities.
•Is perceived as necessary to the nurse’s own maturation which then promotes altruistic behaviour towards others.

Answer 16

THE FORMATION OF A HUMANISTIC ALTRUISTIC SYSTEM OF VALUES

Question 17

It is essential to both the carative and the curative processes.
When modern science has nothing further to offer the person, the nurse can continue to use faith-hope to provide a sense of well-being through beliefs which are meaningful to the individual.

Answer 17

FAITH-HOPE

Question 18

• Explores the need of the nurse to begin to feel an emotion as it presents itself.
• Development of one’s own feeling is needed to interact genuinely and sensitively with others.
• Striving to become sensitive, makes the nurse more authentic, which encourages self-growth and self- actualization, in both the nurse and those with whom the nurse interacts.
• The nurses promote health and higher level functioning only when they form person to person relationship.

Answer 18

CULTUVATION OF SENSITIVITY TO ONE’SSELF
AND TO OTHERS

Question 19

• Strongest tool is the mode of communication, which establishes rapport and caring.
•She has defined the characteristics needed to in the helping-trustrelationship. These are:
• Congruence
• Empathy
• Warmth
~ Communication includes
verbal,
nonverbal and listening in a manner which connotes(imply) empathetic understanding.

Answer 19

ESTABLISHING A HELPING-TRUST RELATIONSHIP

Question 20

“Feelings alter thoughts and behaviour, and they need to be considered and allowed for in a caring relationship”
Awareness of the feelings helps to understand thebehaviour it engenders.

Answer 20

THE EXPRESSION OF FEELINGS BOTH POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE

Question 21

•According to Watson, the scientific problem- solving method is the only method that allows for control and prediction, and that permits self-correction.
•She also values the relative nature of nursing and supports the need to examine and develop the other methods of knowing to provide an holistic perspective.
The science of caring should not be always neutral and objective.

Answer 21

THE SYSTEMATIC USE OF THE SCIENTIFIC PROBLEM-SOLVING METHOD FOR DECISION MAKING

Question 22

•The caring nurse must focus on the learning process as much as the teaching process.
•Understanding the person’s perception of the situation assist the nurse to prepare a cognitive plan.

Answer 22

PROMOTION OF INTRAPERSONAL TEACHING-LEARNING

Question 23

Watson divides these into external and internal variables, which the nurse manipulates in order to provide support and protection for the person’s mental and physical well- being.The external and internal environments are interdependent.
Watson suggests that the nurse also must provide comfort, privacy and safety as a part of this carative factor.

Answer 23

PROVISION FOR A SUPPORTIVE, PROTECTIVE AND /OR CORRECTIVE MENTAL, PHYSICAL, SOCIO CULTURALAND SPIRITUAL ENVIRONMENT

Question 24

It is grounded in a hierarchy of need similar to that of the
Maslow’s.
She has created a hierarchy which she believes is relevant to the science of caring in nursing.
According to her each need is equally important for quality nursing care and the promotion of optimal health.
vAll the needs deserve to be attended to and valued.

Answer 24

ASSISTANCE WITH THE GRATIFICATION OF HUMAN NEEDS

Question 25

Watsons ordering of needs

Answer 25

•Lower order needs (biophysical needs)
‡The need for food and fluid
•The need for elimination
‡The need for ventilation
•Lower order needs (psychophysical needs)
*The need for activity-inactivity
#The need for sexuality
•Watson’s ordering of needs
•Higher order needs (psychosocial needs)
•The need for achievement
•The need for affiliation
#Higher order need (intrapersonal-interpersonal need)
• The need for self-actualization

Question 26

V Phenomenology is a way of understanding people from the way things appear to them, from their frame of reference
This factor helps the nurse to reconcile and mediate the incongruity of viewing the person holistically while at the same time attending to the hierarchical ordering of needs.
Thus the nurse assists the person to find the strength or courage to confront life or death.

Answer 26

10.ALLOWANCE FOR EXISTENTIAL-PHENOMENOLOGICAL FORCES

Question 27

THE TRANSPERSONAL CARING RELATIONSHIP

Answer 27

• This portion of the theory focuses on “the one caring and the one cared for.” (Cara, 2003).
• This process requires the use of “Actions, words, behaviours, cognition, body language, feelings, intuition, thought, senses, and the energy field” (Watson & Woodword, 2010).
• The nurse has a professional as well as a personal obligation to not only see the patient as more than an object but to also protect and assist with improving the patient’s dignity. (Cara, 2003)

Question 28

as a whole watson define nursing as

Answer 28

A HUMAN SCIENCE OF PEOPLE AND HUMAN HEALTH-ILLNESS EXPERIENCES
THAT ARE MEDIATED BY
PROFESSIONAL, PERSONAL, SCIENTIFIC, ESTHETIC AND ETHICAL HUMAN TRANSACTIONS

Question 29

In watsons paractice

Answer 29

In practice, her theory has been validated in outpatient, inpatient, and community health clinical setting and with various populations, including recent applications with attention to patient care essentials, living on a ventilator, simulating care, mothers struggling with mental illness and women with infertility.

Question 30

In administration and leadership

Answer 30

her theory calls for administrative practices and business models to embrace caring

Question 31

On education and research

Answer 31

“On education, her writings focus on educating graduate nursing students and providing them with ontological, ethical, and epistological bases for their practice.
-On research, methods have been identified as particularly relevant to to the study of caring and to the development of nursing as a human science