JH test 3 Flashcards
(26 cards)
Conditions in Jerusalem (life before revolt)
No herod=no building projects = unemployed
Everyone was poor or very very rich
Pilot was in charge in taking taxes from jews and giving to rome (called procurator) and is very corrupt
Spark of rebellion is when a procurator gessius florus steals money from the temple
What year does the rebellion start
66CE
What year is the temple detroyed?
70CE (tisha be av)
Yodefat and the story around Josephus
Josephus (Yosef ben matityahu): actually alive at this time
66 ce, beginning of the revolt
After a 47 day siege of a town called yodefat the roman army overcame his jewish army forces
Jospheus and 40 soldiers fled to a cave on the hill of yodfat
They said why don’t we just kill ourselves now instead of being hung on a cross
J
oshphus says no! Let me try to impress the romans, but they are dead set on killing themselves
facts about Suicide pact
In this cave, Josephus and his soldiers decided that they would kill each other rather than fall into their enemies hands
One by one they go around killing each other until Josephus and another guy are left
Josephus decides against the suicide pact and leaves the cave to forfeit to the romans
Josephus in rome:
The romans liked josephus and they loved how his predictions came true
At this point, Josephus took on the emperors family name Flavius
Josephus became a client of Vespasian and his sons Titus and Domitian
The sicarii (facts of zealots)
At the start of the Common Era, an anti-Roman rebel group started to form
This group was known as the zealots and were often called Sicarii
dreams of rising up
Will kill anyone, even Jews who support Rome and want to make peace, anyone who might oppose them
Called Sicarii after their favourite weapon
The sicarios start the revolt in the north then infiltrate south until they reach jerusalem
Everywhere they went there was a revolt
In jerusalem broke into 3 groups, john, simon and eleazar
John burned the food supply to make the war more intense
The Siege and destruction of the Temple (Rome)
Rome only takes this revolt seriously when an unexpected defeat of the forces of the Cestius Gallus, the governor of Syria
Titus is appointed by his dad vespasian to fight the jews
He is ferocious, begins his campaign on passover
Destruction of temple
joesphus
Has a debate with his army if they should destroy the temple
Titus says: we should not take revenge on inanimate objects
On the spot 10 000 people died
After the temple was burned titus owned his burning of the temple
After a while 1 million jews died
90 000 were made prisoners and 11000 of those are starved to death
Judea capta coin:
A coin romans released after capturing judea
Makes it sound like a trophy
Propaganda
romans made it and they are very proud of it
Arch of titus
They had a procession through rome of people carrying a menorah after they conquered the temple
Possibly had jewish slaves which might have helped build the colosseum
Owing their destruction
Shouldnt walk under the arch because then titus controls you
Romans sending a message
The jews also made a coin to show the rebellion
Masada and the role of Elazar ben Yair
(masada)
Sort of like yodefat suicide with josephus
We have actual evidence for this
Little stones with peoples names on them were found
Yodefat was the first to fall masada the last
Josephus on masada: elazar’s speech, general
Against slavery
If we kill ourselves we can’t become slaves
Let our children die without knowing slavery
First let’s burn everything
Only thing we aren’t going to burn is food to show that we wanted to die not from hunger
The outcome of the Loss of the Temple
(the mourners of zion)
According to the talmud there were individuals who stopped eating meat or drinking wine without the temple
Rabbi joshua tells these mourners:
I’m not so sure about this
Tries to show them their argument is ridiculous
Says: well accorig your rule you shouldn’t have bread, and others
This is to harsh it’s impossible to do
Ways to mourn the temple: joshua made better ways to remember the temple
if you are painting your house you must leave a space unpainted
If you are making a feast you should leave one thing out
If you are putting on jewelry you should leave something out
The role of Yochanan ben Zakkai and Rabban Gamilel.
rabbi yochanan tries to save the jewish religion, talmud
Vestavian says, “if there is a barrel of honey and inside our snakes i still have to smash the barrel”
take tongs and pull of the snakes (talmud says)
The rabbi says
give me yavneh and its sages
Spare the dynasty of rabbi gamliel
Doctors to heal rabbi tzadok
Rabbi yochanan: new customs
he emerges as a powerful figure after years of destruction
Yochanan stepped up and succeeded in establishing a national centre at yavneh
Changed many rules so we can live without the temple
No temple=no problem ‘
We can use the shofar anywhere! (used to be only in temple)
Converts don’t need to bring a sacrifice or put money aside for when the temple will be reestablished
The lulav can be shaken anywhere, not just in temple
takkana means…
enactment
NEED TO KNOW 3 RABBIS:
and what they did, who they are
Rabbi joshua: opposed mourners of zion/apocalypse of the baruch
Rabbi yochanan: went to vestavian asks for three requests, changed customs after the temple
Rabban gamliel: head of the sanhedrin after temple, sort of mean, was deposed for a bit
text analysis: Sicari fought in Jerusalem during 68 “he set on fire those houses that were full of corn and of all other provisions…”
Rebellion started in the North moves south
Details on the war between the sicarii and how the food supply was burned
John, Simon, Eliezer
Josh was the most extreme, burnt the food
Read more in sicarii section
FROM JOSEPHUS!!!
text analysis: Woman eating her child “Come on; be thou my food…”
Shows the severity of the famine
Some people were chewing on anything they could find
FROM JOSEPHUS!!!
text analysis: bar comptsa incident (talmud explaining why temple was burned=baseless hatred)
Someone accidentally invites his enemy to a meal bar kompsta not his friend kompsta
The enemy begged not to be embarrassed and not to get kicked out
He still kicked him out so he told rome the jews were rebellion, why the temple was burned
from talmud
text analysis: Destruction of temple:
One roman soldier threw a torch into the temple and it started burning
Titus being upset when they burned the temple
See great revolt above
Titus woke up in the middle of the night and finds out about the fire (shows he didn’t want the fire/upset)
from josephus
text analysis: Speech of Josephus during suicide pact: “since it is resolved among you that you will die…”
Speaking about Yodefat
Highlights how Josephus survived by manipulating the lot, only him and one other person left
FROM JOSEPHUS!!!
