JIA

Question 1

Definition of JIA:

Answer 1

Arthritis in one or more joints for at least 6 weeks in a child under 16 years old.

Question 2

JIA Morbidity Risks:

Answer 2

Includes joint contractures, blindness from uveitis, and joint destruction.

Question 3

Symptoms of Arthritis:

Answer 3

Joint swelling, tenderness, limited motion, and warmth.

Question 4

Etiology of JIA:

Answer 4

Unknown but involves genetic and environmental factors.

Question 5

Role of Family in JIA:

Answer 5

Higher prevalence among siblings of affected individuals.

Question 6

Peak Ages for JIA:

Answer 6

1-3 years and 8-12 years.

Question 7

JIA Gender

Answer 7

Predisposition: More common in girls.

Question 8

Pathology of JIA:

Answer 8

Chronic synovitis with lymphocyte infiltration and cytokine activity.

Question 9

Autoantibodies in JIA:

Answer 9

. Includes antinuclear antibodies (ANAs).

Question 10

General Symptoms of JIA:

Answer 10

Joint pain, morning stiffness, limping, fever, rash, and eye involvement.

Question 11

Types of JIA:,

Answer 11

Polyarthritis, Systemic-Onset, Psoriatic Arthritis, Enthesitis-Related Arthritis.

Question 12

Most Common JIA Type:.

Answer 12

Oligoarthritis

Question 13

Oligoarthritis:

Answer 13

Affects 1-4 joints, typically knees and ankles.

Question 14

Oligoarthritis Gender Ratio:

Answer 14

Female-to-male ratio of 3:1.

Question 15

Prognosis of Oligoarthritis:

Answer 15

Generally good; 10% may develop into polyarthritis.

Question 16

Polyarticular JIA:

Answer 16

Affects five or more joints, second most common type.

Question 17

Polyarticular RF-Negative Type:

Answer 17

Most common, peak ages 1-4 and 6-12.

Question 18

Polyarticular RF-Positive Type:

Answer 18

Rare, peak at 9-12 years, high female prevalence.

Question 19

Systemic-Onset JIA:

Answer 19

Also called Still’s Disease, presents with systemic inflammation.

Question 20

Systemic-Onset JIA Fever Pattern:

Answer 20

Spiking fever up to 39°C for two weeks.

Question 21

JIA Skin Symptom:.

Answer 21

Salmon-pink macules, especially during fever

Question 22

Systemic JIA Extra-Articular Signs:

Answer 22

Hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, serositis.

Question 23

Diagnosis of Systemic-Onset JIA:

Answer 23

Exclusion; labs show elevated ESR, CRP, and ferritin.

Question 24

Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS):

Answer 24

Serious complication with systemic inflammation.

Question 25

MAS Signs:

Answer 25

High fever, liver issues, pancytopenia, DIC.

Question 26

Psoriatic Arthritis:

Answer 26

Arthritis with psoriatic rash or signs like nail pitting.

Question 27

Psoriatic Arthritis Peak Age:

Answer 27

11-12

Question 28

Psoriatic Plaques in JIA:

Answer 28

Often seen on extensor sides, umbilicus, or perineum.

Question 29

Enthesitis-Related Arthritis:

Answer 29

Affects sites like Achilles tendon; HLA-B27 positive.

Question 30

Enthesitis-Related Arthritis Common Age:

Answer 30

Boys over 6 years.

Question 31

General Complications of JIA:

Answer 31

Contractures, joint space loss, uveitis leading to vision loss.

Question 32

Severe Complications:

Answer 32

Joint damage, decreased growth, anemia.

Question 33

JIA Diagnosis Criteria:

Answer 33

Arthritis, 6 weeks’ duration, exclusion of other causes.

Question 34

Key Lab Tests for JIA:

Answer 34

CBC, ESR, CRP, ANA, RF, HLA-B27.

Question 35

Anemia in JIA:

Answer 35

Common in polyarticular and systemic types.

Question 36

Synovial Fluid Analysis:

Answer 36

Essential to exclude suppurative arthritis.

Question 37

Synovial Fluid Analysis:

Answer 37

Essential to exclude suppurative arthritis.

Question 38

Radiographic Findings in Early JIA:

Answer 38

Soft tissue swelling, periarticular osteopenia.

Question 39

Advanced Radiographic Findings:

Answer 39

Subchondral erosions, bony destruction.

Question 40

Treatment Goals in JIA:

Answer 40

Suppress inflammation, preserve function, prevent deformity.

Question 41

First-Line Medications:

Answer 41

NSAIDs like ibuprofen and naproxen.

Question 42

Second-Line Medications:

Answer 42

Methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine, and sulfasalazine.

Question 43

DMARDs for JIA:

Answer 43

Methotrexate, common for polyarticular/systemic JIA.

Question 44

Biologic Agents for JIA:

Answer 44

TNF inhibitors like etanercept, infliximab.

Question 45

Risks of Biologics:

Answer 45

Infections, malignancy.

Question 46

Corticosteroid Use:.

Answer 46

Reserved for severe cases; often bridging therapy

Question 47

Non-Pharmacologic Treatments:

Answer 47

Dynamic exercises, occupational therapy, hydrotherapy.

Question 48

ACR Criteria for Remission:

Answer 48

No pain, stiffness, fatigue, synovitis, or ESR/CRP elevation.

Question 49

Chronic Uveitis in JIA:

Answer 49

Common with positive ANA in oligoarticular JIA.

Question 50

RF-Positive Polyarticular JIA Complication:

Answer 50

Rheumatoid nodules, especially on extensor surfaces.

Question 51

Psoriatic Arthritis Extra Features: pitting, onycholysis.

Question 52

Enthesitis-Related Arthritis Extra Features:

Answer 52

Sacroiliac pain, inflammatory back pain.

Question 53

Long-Term Prognosis of JIA:

Answer 53

Most symptoms resolve; complications depend on