JKR Migration Flashcards
What is Migration?
It refers to the movement of people from place to place - this can be internal, within a society or international.
What is Immigration?
The movement INTO a society.
What is Emigration?
The movement OUT of a society.
What is Net Migration?
The difference between the number of immigrants and the number of emigrants.
Why do we have such a diverse society?
Before WW2 - largest immigrant group were Irish, Jews and people from Canada and USA.
1950’s - black immigrants began to arrive followed by South Asian immigrants.
By 2011, how much did ethnic minority groups account for?
14% of the population.
What came up in 1962?
Immigration and nationality acts placed severe restrictions on NON WHITE immigration.
Why is it not fair that acts were placed to make it harder for non white immigrants to enter the UK?
Because before that, most immigrants where white - not non-white.
What can be the two reasons people would emigrate from their country?
Economic PUSH factors -
unemployment at home, recession (push them away from home)
Economic PULL factors -
higher wages or better opportunities abroad (pull them towards somewhere else)
How old are the majority of people coming into the UK?
Young people - working age.
How has population size been affected by Migration?
It has been increasing.
In 2014, what were the percentages of EU citizens and Non EU citizens entering the country?
47% of immigrants were NON EU citizens.
38% were EU citizens.
What’s the difference between UK born mothers and non-UK born mothers?
Non-UK born mothers have higher births and account for 25% of all births.
How does immigration affect the age structure of the UK?
Explain the 2 factors:
It lowers the average of the population both directly and indirectly.
Directly - they are generally younger.
Indirectly - they are younger so more fertile and make more babies.
How is the dependency ratio affected by Migration: (3)
- immigrations more likely to work so helps to lower the dependency ratio.
- younger immigrants, however, means they’ll have more babies so they increase the ratio.
- the longer they stay in the country, the closer their fertility rate comes to the national average so they may not even impact it.
What is Globalisation?
The idea that barriers between societies are disappearing and people are becoming increasingly interconnected across national boundaries.
What does Globalisation result from?
The growth of global media, expansion of the EU…etc
What happened between 2000-2013?
The international migration increased by 32%.
862,000 people entered or left the UK in the same year.
Give the types of Migrants: (3)
- permanent settlers (stay forever)
- temporary workers (come for a certain time)
- spouses (wives of temporary workers)
What are the two types of FORCED migrants?
- Refugees (fleeing for their lives)
- Asylum seekers (come with no invitation and may not be allowed to stay)
What does Vertovec say Globalisation has led to?
“super diversity” - migrants now come from a much wider range of countries.
According to Cohen, what are the 3 types of migrants?
- Citizens
- Denizens
- Helots
What are Citizens?
What can they do?
Migrants with full citizenship rights (since 1970’s it has been harder for immigrants to have these rights)
- they can vote etc
What are Denizens?
Privileged foreign nationals welcomed by the state / highly paid employees of multinational companies.
