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Kinesiology > Joint structure & function > Flashcards

Joint structure & function Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

function of simple joints

A

stability

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2
Q

function of complex joints

A

mobility

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3
Q

most joints provide ______ stability

A

dynamic

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4
Q

syntharoses

A

non-synovial joints

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5
Q

diarthroses

A

synovial joint

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6
Q

2 types of synarthroses

A

fibrous & cartilaginous

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7
Q

fibrous synarthroses

A

1) suture
2) gomphosis
3) syndesmosis

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8
Q

cartilaginous synarthroses

A

1) symphsis

2) synchondrosis

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9
Q

suture

A

interlocking, dense, fibrous tissue

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10
Q

gomphosis

A

highly congruent, fibrous tissue (ex: tooth, mandible maxilla)

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11
Q

syndesmosis

A

connected by ligament, cord, aponeurois (ex: tibia/fibula, radius/ulna)

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12
Q

congruent

A

ligaments are tight. Good bone to bone articulation exists

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13
Q

symphysis

A

stability
fibrocartilagous disk/plate
ex: pubic/ischiatic symphyses, manubrium/sternum

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14
Q

synchondrosis

A

temporary form of joint
hyaline growth cartilage ossification
(between epiphyses & bodies of long bones)

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15
Q

fibrocartilage

A
  • between bones with little to no motion

- functions as a shock absorber

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16
Q

hyaline cartilage

A
  • at the ends of bones in synovial joints & at ventral ends of ribs
  • provides a smooth, low friction surface
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17
Q

layers of joint capsule

A
  • stratum fibrosum

- stratum synovium

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18
Q

stratum fibrosum

A

outer layer of joint capsule

  • poorly vascularized
  • highly innervated by joint receptors
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19
Q

stratum synovium

A

inner layer of joint capsule

  • highly vascularized
  • poorly innervated
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20
Q

synoviocytes produce

A

hyaluronic acid - HA - for synovial fluid

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21
Q

synovial fluid main function

A

1) lubricates joint surfaces

2) nourishes hyaline cartilage

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22
Q

2 types of synovial fluid

A

1) HA - hyaluronic acid

2) Lubricin - glycoprotein

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23
Q

HA (hyaluronic acid)

A
  • provides viscosity

essential for lubrication of synovium

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24
Q

lubricin

Study These Flashcards
A

responsible for lubrication

25
uniaxial joints
hinge (IP, humeroulnar) pivot (trochoid - ring shaped - atlantoaxial)
26
biaxial joint
condyloid (1 concave & 1 convex - ex: MCP, knee) saddle (both concave & convex - ex: thumb/CMC)
27
triaxial
plane (gliding between 2 or more bones - ex: carpal/tarsal) ball & socket [convex (ball) into concave (socket) ex- hip & shoulder]
28
kinematic chains
series of rigid links interconnected by joints
29
closed kinematic chains
- distal segment: fixed - causes predictable movement in proximal segments - movement of proximal segments dependent on distal fixed segment
30
open kinematic chains
- distal segment = free to move | - movement is not necessarily predictable
31
arthrokinematics
movement at joint surfaces | - roll, slide, spin
32
close packed (arthrokinematics)
LOCKED - joint surfaces are maximally congruent - ligaments & capsule are maximally tight - not much movement in this area ex: knee & elbow extension
33
open packed (arthrokinematics)
UNLOCKED - any position other than close-packed - joint surfaces free to move - ligaments & capsules are slack (loose, relaxed) ex: elbow & knee flexion
34
position the body goes into in discomfort
open-packed | -----bent in and cozy - we are most relaxed
35
osteokinematics
movement of bones - what we see on the outside
36
hypermobile
moves more than normal range - can be unstabile
37
hypomobile
moves less than normal range == too little movement | - contractile
38
Collagen
- primary fibrous component - resistant to TENSILE forces - provides functional integrity
39
Elastin
- elastic properties (return to original shape following deformation)
40
bursae
synovial sacs that REDUCE FRICTION
41
cancellous bone
spongy - extracellular matrix of collagen - with trabeculae (wolff's law)
42
____ forces cause an increased osteoclast activity which causes _______
decreased forces; bone loss this is why we need to do weight bearing activities in order to facilitate a decrease in bone loss
43
ansiotropic
properties vary depending on direction of imposed force
44
isotropic
exhibits same properties, regardless of direction of imposed forces
45
viscocity
ability to dampen shear forces
46
elasticity
ability to return to original shape after removal of deforming force
47
deformation
elongating a structure = not necessarily bad
48
creep
deformation of tissue, continued until state of equilibrium is reached --- trying to create an elongation/stretch until muscle is unable to stretch any further
49
what factors affect rate of creep
magnitude of load | temperature
50
clinical significance of rate of creep (causes)
need to warm up tissue (heat), apply load (therapy), then cool it down (ice)
51
more rapid the loading, the _____ the resistance to deformation
greater | this can cause injury, best to load slowly
52
tensile
two forces that act along same line in opposite direction
53
compressive
two forces that act along the same line towards each other on opposite sides of the structure
54
shear
two forces in opposite directions but not in the same line
55
elastic range
no permanent deformation occurs
56
yield point
(elastic limit) | point at which permanent deformation will begin
57
plastic region
if structure is unloaded permanent deformation results
58
ultimate failure/fracture point
point where it snaps

Kinesiology (2 decks)

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