Joints Flashcards
Describe fibrous joints.
Dense CT with high strength.
Sutures - between skull bones.
Gomphoses - periodontal ligaments.
Syndesmoses - interosseus membranes.
Describe primary cartilaginous joints.
Allows for endochondral ossification.
Not in adults.
No movement.
Growth plates; 1st sternocostal joint.
Describe secondary cartilaginous joints.
Doesn’t ossify with age.
Found in the midline of the body.
Limited movement.
Intervertebral discs; pubic symphesis.
What are the six types of synovial joints?
Pivot - between vertebrae.
Hinge - between the humerus and ulna.
Saddle - between metacarpals and carpals.
Ball and socket - between the hip and femur.
Condyloid - between metacarpals and phalanx.
Plane - between tarsals.
What does the stability of joints depend on?
The shape of articulating surfaces.
The fibrous capsule and ligaments.
Muscles.
Describe the movement of the limbs.
Upper - laterally rotates.
Lower - medially rotates, more rotation.
How are joints able to sense movement and location?
A rich blood and nerve supply allows for proprioception.
What are anastomoses?
A connection between two things that normally branch (common around joints).
Allows blood to take alternative routes.
Define Hilton’s Law.
The nerve supplying a muscle that crosses a certain joint also innervates the joint.
How are the lower limbs adapted for their function?
Flexion of the knee is in the opposite direction to flexion of the elbow.
This leads to more efficient weight bearing and locomotion.
