Joints

Question 1

Human motion caused by

Answer 1

-levers (limbs) being accelerated
-about axes (joints)
-by applying torques (muscles)

Question 2

General motion about joints

Answer 2

Rotation about longitudinal axis of a limb

Question 3

Fibrous joints

Answer 3

Allow no movement (sutures of the skull)

Question 4

Cartilaginous joints

Answer 4

Allow limited movement (intervertebral discs)

Question 5

Synovial joints

Answer 5

Allow large range of movement (the knee joint)

Question 6

Slightly moveable joints:

Answer 6

-b.w vertebrae
-b/w right & left pubic bones (symphysis pubis)

Question 7

Moveable joints:

Answer 7

-pectoral girdle
-elbow
-hand & wrist
-hip
-knee
-ankle & foot

Question 8

Anatomy of synovial (moveable joints): hyaline cartilage

Answer 8

A protective layer of dense white connective tissues that covers the ends of the articulating bones

Question 9

Anatomy of synovial (moveable joints): synovial membrane

Answer 9

-covers joint cavity
-secretes the lubrication fluid

Question 10

Anatomy of synovial (moveable joints): synovial fluid

Answer 10

Lubricates the joint

Question 11

Anatomy of synovial (moveable joints): capsule

Answer 11

May or may not have thickenings called intrinsic ligaments

Question 12

Anatomy of synovial (moveable joints): extrinsic ligaments

Answer 12

Support the joint & connect the articulating bones

Question 13

The joints of the pectoral girdle:

Answer 13

-sternum & clavicle = Sternoclavicular
-scapula & clavicle = acromioclavicular

Question 14

Movements of the pectoral girdle:

Answer 14

-elevation
-depression
-retraction
-protraction

Question 15

The joints of the pectoral girdle: Sternoclavicular

Answer 15

-connects sternum to clavicle
-only joint connecting pectoral girdle to axial skeleton
-strengthened by an Intra-capsular disc & extrinsic ligaments

Question 16

The joints of the pectoral girdle: acromioclavicular joint

Answer 16

-unites later end of the with acromion process of the scapula
-shoulder separations often occur in hockey, baseball & football

Question 17

Glenohumeral joint

Answer 17

-connects humerus & scapula
-a typical multi-axial joint
-has a wide range of movement
-injury = relative lack of stability

Question 18

Elbow joints

Answer 18

-humeroradial
-humeroulnar

Question 19

Forearm joints

Answer 19

Distal radioulnar
-proximal radioulnar

Question 20

Joints of the wrist: radiocarpal joint

Answer 20

B/w distal end of the radius & 2 carpals (scaphoid & lunate)

Question 21

Radiocarpal joint movements:

Answer 21

-flexion/extension
-curcumduction

Question 22

Joints of the wrist: metacarpophalangeal

Answer 22

B/w distal end of 2 metacarpals & the phalanges

Question 23

Synovial joints of the trunk:

Answer 23

-intervertebral joint (facet joints)
Movements:
-flexion/extension
-lateral flexion/extension
-rotation

Question 24

Synovial joints of the trunk & pelvic girdle:

Answer 24

-lumbosacral joint
-sacroiliac joint
-hip joints

Question 25

Hip joint:

Answer 25

-b/w proximal femur & the socket (acetabulum) in pelvis Movement: -flexion/extension -abduction/adduction

Question 26

Knee joint: tibiofemoral movement

Answer 26

-flex/ext. -abd/add.

Question 27

Knee joint: meniscus cartilage

Answer 27

Shock absorbing fibrocartialge discs

Question 28

Knee joint: anterior & posterior cruise ligaments

Answer 28

In the centre of the joint

Question 29

Knee joint: Lateral & medial collateral ligaments

Answer 29

Extend from femur to tibia & fibula on the outside of the joint

Question 30

Knee joint: crucial ligaments

Answer 30

-anterior -posterior

Question 31

Knee joint: collateral ligament

Answer 31

-medial -lateral

Question 32

Knee joint: meniscus cartilages

Answer 32

-medial -lateral

Question 33

The ankle joint:

Answer 33

-distal fibula articulates w/ superior part of the talus

Question 34

The ankle joint movements:

Answer 34

Inversion/e version -dorsiflexion/ plantar flexion

Question 35

The joints of the foot:

Answer 35

-intertarsal joints: b/w tarsals -transverse (mid) tarsal joint: b/w proximal & distal row of tarsal bones

Question 36

The joints of the foot movement:

Answer 36

-inversion/eversion of the foot