Muscles I Flashcards by Olivia Sinclair

Human motion

-generated by forces acting on levers about axes (joints)
-anatomically, these forces are muscular contractions

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Muscle function:

To cause movement, both ends of each muscle must be attached to bone:
-origin or proximal attachment - the attachment closer to the centre of the body
-insertion or distal attachment - the attachment is away from the centre of the body

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Agonists

Prime movers

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Antagonist

Opposing muscles

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Stabilizers:

-ex. When arm internally rotates, the muscle is attached to the humerus & scapula & it will try to move both bones… unless scapula is stabilized

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Muscle function & mobility is influenced by:

-muscular strength
-muscular flexibility
-tendons
-coordination (motor)

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Muscles that move the head & neck:

-muscles posterior, anterior, lateral to the neck (cervical region)

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Muscles that move the head & neck: functions

-maintain a neural head position
-permit a wide range of movement

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Muscles that move the head & neck: sternocleidomastoid attachments:

(Sternum/ clavicle/ mastoid process) - bump behind ear
-sternum & clavicle to origin
-base of skull (mastoid process) insertion

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Sternocleidomastoid function:

-flexes neck to chest - when all sides contract
-rotates neck & head toward opposite shoulder - when one side contracts

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Muscles that move the head & neck: erector spine attachments:

Skull
-superior: skull (back)
-inferior: sacrum & ilium (posterior)

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Erector spine functions:

Ability to maintain erect position
-upper portion extends the neck
-lower portion extends trunk

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Muscles that move the trunk:

-rectus abdominis, obliques, transverse abdominis
Function:
-flexion, extension (mild)
-lateral flexion
-rotation
-expel contents through colon

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Anterior muscles that move the trunk: rectus abdominis (L,R) attachments:

-sternum & adjacent ribs to pubic bone

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Rectus abdominis functions:

-trunk flexion
-pelvis stabilization

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Anterior muscles that move the trunk: abdominal external oblique (L,R) attachments

-lateral ribs downward to
-anterior crest of ilium, pubis, linea alba

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Abdominal external oblique (L,R) function:

-trunk flexion & rotation
-pelvis stabilization

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Anterior muscles that move the trunk: abdominals internal obliques (2) attachments:

-linea alba downward to
-lateral crest of pubis & ilium

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Abdominals internal obliques (2) functions:

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-trunk flexion
-pelvis stabilization

Anterior muscles that move the trunk: abdominals trans versus abdominis (L,R) attachments:

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-linea alba to
-lower ribs, crest of ilium & to spine

Abdominals trans versus abdominis (L,R) functions:

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-compresses abdomen
-spine & trunk stabilization

Posterior muscles that move the trunk: erector spinae attachments:

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Runs length of the spine
-iliac crest
-all vertebrae to skull

Erector spinae functions:

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-trunk extension, anti gravity muscles
-very important in back injury prevention

Posterior muscles that move the trunk: erector spinae:

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Lateral flexion of the trunk (to the right):
-right abdominals (not tranversus)
-right erector spinae

Muscles that move the humerus: deltoid

Anterior deltoid Middle deltoid Posterior deltoid

Muscles that move the humerus: anterior deltoid attachment

Proximal attachment: origin -lateral clavicle Distal attachment: insertion -deltoid tubercle of humerus

Anterior deltoid function

-shoulder (humerus) flexion -internal (medial) rotation

Muscles that move the humerus: middle deltoid attachment

Proximal: origin -lateral clavicle, acromion process Distal: insertion -deltoid tubercle of humerus

Middle deltoid function

-shoulder (humerus) abduction

Muscles that move the humerus: posterior deltoid attachment

Proximal: origin -lateral spine of the scapula Distal: insertion -shoulder (humerus) extension -external (lateral) rotation

Muscles that move the humerus: pectoralis major attachment

Proximal: origin -sternum & clavicle Distal: insertion -lip of bicipital groove of humerus

Pectoralis major function:

-horizontal adduction of humerus -bringing arm down from overhead (in extension or adduction) -internal (medial) rotation of humerus

Muscles that move the humerus: Latissimus dorsi attachment

Proximal: originate -bottom 6 thoracic vertebrae -all lumbar vertebrae, sacrum Distal: insertion -pass under arm to the lip of bicipital groove

Latissimus dorsi function:

-horizontal adduction of humerus -bringing arm down from overhead (in extension or adduction) -internal (medial) rotation of humerus

Muscles that move the humerus: supraspinatus attachments

Proximal: origin -supraspinous fossa of scapula Distal: insertion -superior (top of) humerus

Supraspinatus function:

-abducts humerus

Muscles that move the humerus: Infraspinatus attachment

Proximal: origin -infraspinous fossa of scapula Distal: insertion -posterior (proximal) humerus

Infraspinatus functions:

-abducts humerus -lateral rotation of humerus

Muscles that move the humerus: Subscapularis attachments

Proximal: origin -subscapular fossa of scapula Distal: insertion -anterior proximal humerus

Subscapularis function

-abducts humerus -medial rotation of humerus

Rotator cuff: SIS

Subscapularis Infraspinatus Supraspinatus

Muscles that move the scapula: trapezius

Proximal: origin -base of skull to T12 vertebrae Distal: insertion -spine of scapula

Trapezius function:

-scapular stabilization (scapular) -upper: shoulder elevation (neck extension) -middle: shoulder retraction (scapular adduction) -lower: shoulder depression

Muscles that move the scapula: Serratus anterior attachment

Proximal: -anterior medial border scapula Distal: -anterior ribs 1-8

Serratus anterior function

-scapular stabilization -shoulder protraction

Muscles that stabilize the scapula:

-the muscles that move the scapula (trapezius) will also be very important stabilizers or fixations of the scapula when other muscles attempt to move the humerus -improper conditioning of the prime movers without any conditioning the stabilizers is cause for many injuries

Muscles I Flashcards

(46 cards)