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KIN > Muscles I > Flashcards

Muscles I Flashcards

1
Q

Human motion

A

-generated by forces acting on levers about axes (joints)
-anatomically, these forces are muscular contractions

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2
Q

Muscle function:

A

To cause movement, both ends of each muscle must be attached to bone:
-origin or proximal attachment - the attachment closer to the centre of the body
-insertion or distal attachment - the attachment is away from the centre of the body

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3
Q

Agonists

A

Prime movers

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4
Q

Antagonist

A

Opposing muscles

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5
Q

Stabilizers:

A

-ex. When arm internally rotates, the muscle is attached to the humerus & scapula & it will try to move both bones… unless scapula is stabilized

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6
Q

Muscle function & mobility is influenced by:

A

-muscular strength
-muscular flexibility
-tendons
-coordination (motor)

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7
Q

Muscles that move the head & neck:

A

-muscles posterior, anterior, lateral to the neck (cervical region)

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8
Q

Muscles that move the head & neck: functions

A

-maintain a neural head position
-permit a wide range of movement

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9
Q

Muscles that move the head & neck: sternocleidomastoid attachments:

A

(Sternum/ clavicle/ mastoid process) - bump behind ear
-sternum & clavicle to origin
-base of skull (mastoid process) insertion

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10
Q

Sternocleidomastoid function:

A

-flexes neck to chest - when all sides contract
-rotates neck & head toward opposite shoulder - when one side contracts

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11
Q

Muscles that move the head & neck: erector spine attachments:

A

Skull
-superior: skull (back)
-inferior: sacrum & ilium (posterior)

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12
Q

Erector spine functions:

A

Ability to maintain erect position
-upper portion extends the neck
-lower portion extends trunk

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13
Q

Muscles that move the trunk:

A

-rectus abdominis, obliques, transverse abdominis
Function:
-flexion, extension (mild)
-lateral flexion
-rotation
-expel contents through colon

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14
Q

Anterior muscles that move the trunk: rectus abdominis (L,R) attachments:

A

-sternum & adjacent ribs to pubic bone

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15
Q

Rectus abdominis functions:

A

-trunk flexion
-pelvis stabilization

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16
Q

Anterior muscles that move the trunk: abdominal external oblique (L,R) attachments

A

-lateral ribs downward to
-anterior crest of ilium, pubis, linea alba

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17
Q

Abdominal external oblique (L,R) function:

A

-trunk flexion & rotation
-pelvis stabilization

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18
Q

Anterior muscles that move the trunk: abdominals internal obliques (2) attachments:

A

-linea alba downward to
-lateral crest of pubis & ilium

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19
Q

Abdominals internal obliques (2) functions:

A

-trunk flexion
-pelvis stabilization

20
Q

Anterior muscles that move the trunk: abdominals trans versus abdominis (L,R) attachments:

A

-linea alba to
-lower ribs, crest of ilium & to spine

21
Q

Abdominals trans versus abdominis (L,R) functions:

A

-compresses abdomen
-spine & trunk stabilization

22
Q

Posterior muscles that move the trunk: erector spinae attachments:

A

Runs length of the spine
-iliac crest
-all vertebrae to skull

23
Q

Erector spinae functions:

A

-trunk extension, anti gravity muscles
-very important in back injury prevention

24
Q

Posterior muscles that move the trunk: erector spinae:

A

Lateral flexion of the trunk (to the right):
-right abdominals (not tranversus)
-right erector spinae

25
Q

Muscles that move the humerus: deltoid

A

Anterior deltoid
Middle deltoid
Posterior deltoid

26
Q

Muscles that move the humerus: anterior deltoid attachment

A

Proximal attachment: origin
-lateral clavicle
Distal attachment: insertion
-deltoid tubercle of humerus

27
Q

Anterior deltoid function

A

-shoulder (humerus) flexion
-internal (medial) rotation

28
Q

Muscles that move the humerus: middle deltoid attachment

A

Proximal: origin
-lateral clavicle, acromion process
Distal: insertion
-deltoid tubercle of humerus

29
Q

Middle deltoid function

A

-shoulder (humerus) abduction

30
Q

Muscles that move the humerus: posterior deltoid attachment

A

Proximal: origin
-lateral spine of the scapula
Distal: insertion
-shoulder (humerus) extension
-external (lateral) rotation

31
Q

Muscles that move the humerus: pectoralis major attachment

A

Proximal: origin
-sternum & clavicle
Distal: insertion
-lip of bicipital groove of humerus

32
Q

Pectoralis major function:

A

-horizontal adduction of humerus
-bringing arm down from overhead (in extension or adduction)
-internal (medial) rotation of humerus

33
Q

Muscles that move the humerus: Latissimus dorsi attachment

A

Proximal: originate
-bottom 6 thoracic vertebrae
-all lumbar vertebrae, sacrum
Distal: insertion
-pass under arm to the lip of bicipital groove

34
Q

Latissimus dorsi function:

A

-horizontal adduction of humerus
-bringing arm down from overhead (in extension or adduction)
-internal (medial) rotation of humerus

35
Q

Muscles that move the humerus: supraspinatus attachments

A

Proximal: origin
-supraspinous fossa of scapula
Distal: insertion
-superior (top of) humerus

36
Q

Supraspinatus function:

A

-abducts humerus

37
Q

Muscles that move the humerus: Infraspinatus attachment

A

Proximal: origin
-infraspinous fossa of scapula
Distal: insertion
-posterior (proximal) humerus

38
Q

Infraspinatus functions:

A

-abducts humerus
-lateral rotation of humerus

39
Q

Muscles that move the humerus: Subscapularis attachments

A

Proximal: origin
-subscapular fossa of scapula
Distal: insertion
-anterior proximal humerus

40
Q

Subscapularis function

A

-abducts humerus
-medial rotation of humerus

41
Q

Rotator cuff: SIS

A

Subscapularis
Infraspinatus
Supraspinatus

42
Q

Muscles that move the scapula: trapezius

A

Proximal: origin
-base of skull to T12 vertebrae
Distal: insertion
-spine of scapula

43
Q

Trapezius function:

A

-scapular stabilization (scapular)
-upper: shoulder elevation (neck extension)
-middle: shoulder retraction (scapular adduction)
-lower: shoulder depression

44
Q

Muscles that move the scapula: Serratus anterior attachment

A

Proximal:
-anterior medial border scapula
Distal:
-anterior ribs 1-8

45
Q

Serratus anterior function

A

-scapular stabilization
-shoulder protraction

46
Q

Muscles that stabilize the scapula:

A

-the muscles that move the scapula (trapezius) will also be very important stabilizers or fixations of the scapula when other muscles attempt to move the humerus
-improper conditioning of the prime movers without any conditioning the stabilizers is cause for many injuries

KIN (14 decks)

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