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Joints Flashcards

(43 cards)

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1
Q

Immoveable joints

A

Synarthrosis

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2
Q

Slightly moveable joint

A

Amphiarthrosis

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3
Q

Freely moveable joint

A

Diarthrosis

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4
Q

Bones connected by fibrous tissue

A

Fibrous joints

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5
Q

Bones connected by cartilage

A

Cartilaginous joints

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6
Q

Bones connected by a capsule containing fluid

A

Synovial joints

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7
Q

Types of fibrous joints

A

Sutures, gomphoses, syndesmoses

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8
Q

Types of Cartilaginous Joints

A

Synchondroses and Symphyses

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9
Q

Types of synovial joints

A

Hinge, Saddle, Plane, Pivot, Condyloid, Ball and Socket

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10
Q

Sutures - joint type, movement type and location

A

Fibrous, synarthrosis, skull

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11
Q

Gomphoses - Joint type, movement type, location

A

Fibrous, synarthrosis, mandible and maxilla

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12
Q

Syndesmoses - joint type, movement type, location example

A

Fibrous, amphioarthrosis, middle radioulnar joint

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13
Q

Synchondroses - joint type, movement type, example

A

Cartilaginous, synarthrosis, between diaphysis and epiphysis of long bone

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14
Q

Symphyses - joint type, movement type, example

A

Cartilaginous, amphiarthosis, pubic symphysis

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15
Q

Hinge joint - example

A

Elbow joint, ankle joint, knee joint

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16
Q

Saddle - example

A

Carpometacarpal joint

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17
Q

Plane joint - example

A

Subtalar joint

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18
Q

Pivot joint - example

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A

Proximal and distal radioulnar joints

19
Q

Condyloid joint - example

20
Q

Ball and socket joint- example

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A

Hip or shoulder joint

21
Q

Three main features of synovial joint

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A

Articulate capsule, articular cartilage, synovial fluid

22
Q

Outer layer of articular capsule

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A

Fibrous layer

23
Q

Inner layer of articular cartilage

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A

Synovial layer/synovium

24
Q

Articular cartilage - type, function, blood supply type

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A

Hyaline cartilage, minimise friction and shock absorption, avascular

25
Synovial fluid - three primary functions
Lubrication, nutrient distribution, shock absorption
26
Accessory structures of a joint
Accessory ligaments, bursae
27
Accessory ligaments - structure and function
Highly dense connective tissue, resisting strain and extreme movements
28
Bursae - structure, location, function, inflammation
Small fluid filled sacs, synovial membrane, allow greater freedom of movement while protecting against friction, bursitis
29
Articular nerves transmit…
Afferent impulses
30
Types of afferent impulses transmitted by articular nerves
Proprioceptive (joint position) and nociceptive (pain)
31
Hilton’s Law
The nerves supplying a joint also supply the muscles moving the joint and the skin covering their distal attachments
32
Arteries which supply joints
Articular arteries
33
Articular arteries location
Synovial membrane in the joint capsule
34
Anastomoses - meaning
Frequent communications between the arterial joint blood supply in order to supply blood regardless of position
35
Joint arteries are usually…
Above and below the joint by curving around it
36
Osteoarthritis is a result of…
Wearing away of the articular cartilage - less reduction in friction and shock absorption
37
Common locations of osteoarthritis
Heavy weight bearing joints - e.g, knee and hip
38
Osteoarthritis symptoms
Joint pain, stiffness and discomfort
39
Osteoarthritis can be a result of…
Old age, infection via the synovial membrane, auto inflammatory diseases (rheumatoid arthritis), reactive infections which aren’t of the joint itself (reactive arthritis)
40
The most important factor in joint stability is…
The relative size of the two articulating surfaces
41
Joints which are more unstable generally…
Have a greater range of movement
42
Stable joints generally have…
More ligaments
43
The rotator cuff muscles
Subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus and the Teres minor

Basics (16 decks)

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