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Basics > Joints > Flashcards

Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Immoveable joints

A

Synarthrosis

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2
Q

Slightly moveable joint

A

Amphiarthrosis

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3
Q

Freely moveable joint

A

Diarthrosis

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4
Q

Bones connected by fibrous tissue

A

Fibrous joints

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5
Q

Bones connected by cartilage

A

Cartilaginous joints

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6
Q

Bones connected by a capsule containing fluid

A

Synovial joints

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7
Q

Types of fibrous joints

A

Sutures, gomphoses, syndesmoses

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8
Q

Types of Cartilaginous Joints

A

Synchondroses and Symphyses

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9
Q

Types of synovial joints

A

Hinge, Saddle, Plane, Pivot, Condyloid, Ball and Socket

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10
Q

Sutures - joint type, movement type and location

A

Fibrous, synarthrosis, skull

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11
Q

Gomphoses - Joint type, movement type, location

A

Fibrous, synarthrosis, mandible and maxilla

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12
Q

Syndesmoses - joint type, movement type, location example

A

Fibrous, amphioarthrosis, middle radioulnar joint

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13
Q

Synchondroses - joint type, movement type, example

A

Cartilaginous, synarthrosis, between diaphysis and epiphysis of long bone

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14
Q

Symphyses - joint type, movement type, example

A

Cartilaginous, amphiarthosis, pubic symphysis

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15
Q

Hinge joint - example

A

Elbow joint, ankle joint, knee joint

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16
Q

Saddle - example

A

Carpometacarpal joint

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17
Q

Plane joint - example

A

Subtalar joint

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18
Q

Pivot joint - example

A

Proximal and distal radioulnar joints

19
Q

Condyloid joint - example

A

Wrist joint

20
Q

Ball and socket joint- example

A

Hip or shoulder joint

21
Q

Three main features of synovial joint

A

Articulate capsule, articular cartilage, synovial fluid

22
Q

Outer layer of articular capsule

A

Fibrous layer

23
Q

Inner layer of articular cartilage

A

Synovial layer/synovium

24
Q

Articular cartilage - type, function, blood supply type

A

Hyaline cartilage, minimise friction and shock absorption, avascular

25
Q

Synovial fluid - three primary functions

A

Lubrication, nutrient distribution, shock absorption

26
Q

Accessory structures of a joint

A

Accessory ligaments, bursae

27
Q

Accessory ligaments - structure and function

A

Highly dense connective tissue, resisting strain and extreme movements

28
Q

Bursae - structure, location, function, inflammation

A

Small fluid filled sacs, synovial membrane, allow greater freedom of movement while protecting against friction, bursitis

29
Q

Articular nerves transmit…

A

Afferent impulses

30
Q

Types of afferent impulses transmitted by articular nerves

A

Proprioceptive (joint position) and nociceptive (pain)

31
Q

Hilton’s Law

A

The nerves supplying a joint also supply the muscles moving the joint and the skin covering their distal attachments

32
Q

Arteries which supply joints

A

Articular arteries

33
Q

Articular arteries location

A

Synovial membrane in the joint capsule

34
Q

Anastomoses - meaning

A

Frequent communications between the arterial joint blood supply in order to supply blood regardless of position

35
Q

Joint arteries are usually…

A

Above and below the joint by curving around it

36
Q

Osteoarthritis is a result of…

A

Wearing away of the articular cartilage - less reduction in friction and shock absorption

37
Q

Common locations of osteoarthritis

A

Heavy weight bearing joints - e.g, knee and hip

38
Q

Osteoarthritis symptoms

A

Joint pain, stiffness and discomfort

39
Q

Osteoarthritis can be a result of…

A

Old age, infection via the synovial membrane, auto inflammatory diseases (rheumatoid arthritis), reactive infections which aren’t of the joint itself (reactive arthritis)

40
Q

The most important factor in joint stability is…

A

The relative size of the two articulating surfaces

41
Q

Joints which are more unstable generally…

A

Have a greater range of movement

42
Q

Stable joints generally have…

A

More ligaments

43
Q

The rotator cuff muscles

A

Subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus and the Teres minor

Basics (16 decks)

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