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Basics > Muscle Ultratissue > Flashcards

Muscle Ultratissue Flashcards

1
Q

Types of muscle

A

Skeletal, cardiac, smooth

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2
Q

Skeletal muscle is…

A

Striated muscle which is under voluntary control of the somatic nervous system

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3
Q

Cardiac muscle is

A

Striated muscle found only on the heart

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4
Q

Smooth muscle is…

A

Non-striated muscle which is controlled involuntarily by the autonomic nervous system

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5
Q

Cell surface membrane of muscle cell

A

Sarcolemma

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6
Q

T-tubules are…

A

Invaginations of the sarcolemma which conduct charge when a cell is depolarised

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7
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulums are…

A

Specialised endoplasmic reticulums which contain large storages of calcium ions

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8
Q

Hierarchy of muscle organisation

A

Muscle fibres -> fascicles -> muscle

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9
Q

Muscle fibres are surrounded by

A

Endomysium

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10
Q

Muscle Fascicles are surrounded by

A

Perimysium

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11
Q

Muscles are surrounded by

A

Epimysium

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12
Q

Functional unit of muscle

A

Sarcomere

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13
Q

Z line

A

Actin filaments are anchored

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14
Q

M line

A

Where myosin filaments are anchored

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15
Q

I band

A

Contains only actin filaments

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16
Q

A band

A

Length of a myosin filament - may contain actin also

17
Q

H zone

A

Only myosin

18
Q

Thin filament

A

Actin

19
Q

Thick filament

A

Myosin

20
Q

Tropomyosin runs along…

A

The actin filament and blocks myosin head binding sites

21
Q

Troponin binds…

A

Tropomyosin to actin

22
Q

Troponin I

A

Binds to the actin filament

23
Q

Troponin T

A

Binds to Tropomyosin

24
Q

Troponin C

A

Binds to calcium ions

25
Q

1st stage of muscular contraction

A

Depolarisation arrives at neuromuscular junction. Conducted by T tubules - causes massive influx of calcium ions from sarcoplasmic reticulum

26
Q

2nd stage of muscle contraction

A

Calcium binds to Troponin C - causes Tropomyosin to move away from actin filament myosin head binding sites

27
Q

3rd stage of muscular contraction

A

Myosin heads bind to actin filaments. Power strokes cause the myosin heads to pivot in a rowing motion. This slides the actin filaments towards the M line

28
Q

4th stage of muscular contraction

A

ATP binds to myosin heads, causing them to unbind from actin

29
Q

What shortens during muscle contraction?

A

Distance between Z lines, I band, H zone and length of the sarcomere

30
Q

What stays the same during muscle contraction

A

A band and length of muscle filament

31
Q

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is when…

A

Dystrophin not produced - muscle fibres tear on contraction - muscle weakness

32
Q

Sufferers of duchenne muscule dystrophy are usually…

A

In a wheelchair by age 12

Basics (16 decks)

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