Joints

Question 1

Connective Tissue

Answer 1

Tissues that share a common molecular composition
- They provide support and protection

Question 2

What are the types of tissues?

Answer 2

• Connective tissues
• Muscle tissues
• Nervous tissues
• Dermal tissues

Question 3

What are the types of connective tissues?

Answer 3

• Bones
• Cartilage (Hyaline, Fibro)
• Ligaments
• Tendons
• Joint capsules
  -Fascia
• Blood vessels

Question 4

Tendons

Answer 4

Connect bone to muscle (force is applied in one direction)

Question 5

Joint capsules

Answer 5

Surround joints (force is applied in all directions)

Question 6

Flexion

Answer 6

Decrease in angle between body parts on either side of the joint

Question 7

Extension

Answer 7

Increase in angle between body parts on either side of the joint

Question 8

Abduction

Answer 8

Movement away from the midline in coronal/frontal plane

Question 9

Adduction

Answer 9

Movement towards the midline in coronal/frontal plane

Question 10

Medial rotation

Answer 10

Rotational movement towards the midline

Question 11

Lateral rotation

Answer 11

Rotational movement away from the midline

Question 12

Elevation

Answer 12

Moving superiorly

Question 13

Depression

Answer 13

Moving inferiorly

Question 14

Protaction

Answer 14

Moving anteriorly

Question 15

Retraction

Answer 15

Moving posteriorly

Question 16

How to determine solid joints

Answer 16

• No joint cavity present
• The bone surface is connected by stiff connective tissue (most often fibrocartilage)
• Allows little movement

Question 17

How to determine synovial joints

Answer 17

• Have a small cavity between adjoining bones which are surrounded by a joint capsule
• The capsule is filled with synovial fluid which lubricates the joint surface
• Allow for movment

Question 18

What are the types and movements of synovial joints?

Answer 18

Types:
- Planar -Hinge -Pivot -Bicondylar
- Condylar -Saddle -Ball and socket
Movement:
- Uniaxial (one plane)
- Biaxial (two planes)
- Multiaxial (three planes)

Question 19

Label the synovial joint

Answer 19

Question 20

How to determine plane joints

Answer 20

• Uniaxial
• Allows sliding/gliding movements between bones in one plane

Question 21

Convex

Answer 21

having an outline or surface curved like the exterior of a sphere or a circle

Question 22

Concave

Answer 22

having an outline or surface that curves inward like the interior of a cave

Question 23

How to determine hinge joints

Answer 23

• Bone articular surfaces are convex and concave
• permits movement along one plane

Question 24

What type of movement does a hinge joint have

Answer 24

Flexion and extension

Question 25

Plantar flexion

Answer 25

flexing towards the plantar surface (pointing foot)

Question 26

Dorsiflexion

Answer 26

flexing towards the dorsal surface (flexing foot)

Question 27

How to determine pivot joints

Answer 27

- when one cylinder bone rotates within the concavity of another bone - permits rotation in one plane (passes longitudinally along the shaft of a bone)

Question 28

What type pf movement does a pivot joint have

Answer 28

Permits rotation

Question 29

Condyle

Answer 29

a rounded protuberance (something that sticks out) at the end of some bones, which forms an articulation with another bone (often egg-shaped)

Question 30

Protuberance

Answer 30

something that protrudes/sticks out from a surface

Question 31

Articulation

Answer 31

the point where two bones meet to form a joint

Question 32

How to determine bicondylar joints

Answer 32

- biaxial - when two slightly convex bone surfaces (the condyles), fit into two slightly concave surfaces - the condyle is often egg-shaped - allows movement in two planes (one has full movement, the other has limited

Question 33

What type of movement does a bicondylar joint permit

Answer 33

flexion/extension/rotation

Question 34

How to determine a condylar joint

Answer 34

- biaxial - when one slightly convex bone surface (the condyle), fits into a slightly concave surface - the condyle is often egg-shaped

Question 35

What type of movement does a condylar joint permit

Answer 35

flexion/extension, abduction/adduction

Question 36

How to determine a saddle joint

Answer 36

- articular surfaces are saddle (c) shaped - allows movement in two planes at right angles to one another

Question 37

What type of movement does a saddle joint permit

Answer 37

flexion/extension, abduction/adduction

Question 38

How to determine a ball and socket joint

Answer 38

- rounded/convex bone surface (ball) fits into a socket/concavity of another bone - allows movement in multiple planes

Question 39

What type of movement does a ball and socket joint permit

Answer 39

flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, rotation

Question 40

What are the types of solid joints

Answer 40

- pubic symphysis - sutures of the skull

Question 41

What type of movement is an acromioclavicular joint

Answer 41

planar movement

Question 42

What type of movement is a humero-ulnar joint

Answer 42

flexion/extension

Question 43

What type of movement is Talocrural joint

Answer 43

plantarflexion/dorsiflexion

Question 44

What type of movement is Atlanto-axial

Answer 44

rotation

Question 45

What type of movement is Tibiofemoral joint

Answer 45

flexion/extension, medial/lateral rotation

Question 46

What type of movement is temporomandibular joint

Answer 46

elevation/depression, protraction/retraction, lateral deviation

Question 47

What type of movement is sternoclavicular joint

Answer 47

Elevation/depression, protraction/retraction

Question 48

What type of movement is acetabulofemoral joint

Answer 48

flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, medial/lateral rotation