joints

Question 1

functional classification

Answer 1

based on the amount of movement allowed at a joint

Question 2

3 types of functional classification

Answer 2

• synarthrotic joints
• amphiarthrotic joints
• diarthrotic joints

Question 3

synarthrotic joints

Answer 3

immovable joints

Question 4

amphiarthrotic joints

Answer 4

slightly movable joints

Question 5

diarthrotic joint

Answer 5

freely movable joints

Question 6

structural classification

Answer 6

based on the material binding the bones at the site, and the absence or presence of a joint cavity

Question 7

3 types of structural classification

Answer 7

fibrous joints
cartilaginous joints
synovial joints

Question 8

fibrous joints (cavity)

Answer 8

no joint cavity present.

Question 9

synovial joints (cavity)

Answer 9

joint cavity present

Question 9

cartilaginous joints

Answer 9

no joint cavity present.

Question 10

3 types of fibrous joints

Answer 10

fibrous joints
sutures
gomphoses
syndesmoses

Question 11

fibrous joints

Answer 11

bones are joined together by dense connective tissue (type of fibrous CT)
joint cavity absesnt

Question 12

sutures

Answer 12

located only in the skull.
joint held together with very short interconnecting fibers, and bones edges interlock.

Question 13

functional class of sutures in baby skull

Answer 13

amphiarthrotic joints to allow for growth of the brain

Question 14

functional class of sutures in adult skulls

Answer 14

are synarthrotic joints when brain growth ceases and the cranial bones from the ridged cranial vault to protect the brain

Question 15

gomphoses also known as pegs in the socket joints

Answer 15

located only between teeth bony alveolar socket
periodontal ligament holds tooth in socket

Question 16

functional class of gomphoses under baby teeth

Answer 16

amphiarthrotic joints because these teeth are lost and replaced by permanent teeth and therefore ?

Question 17

functional class of gomphoses under adult teeth are

Answer 17

synarthrotic joints

Question 17

syndemoses

Answer 17

when bones are connected by ligament, they are synarthrotic joints when the bones are connected by interosseous membranes, they are amphiarthrotic joints.

Question 18

cartilaginous joints

Answer 18

2 types: synchondroses
symphyses

Question 19

synchondroses

Answer 19

cartilaginous joints with bones connected by hyaline cartilage. functional class of synchondroses synarthrotic joints
ex: epiphyseal plates- composed of hyaline cartilage
connecting the diaphysis and the epiphyses of a long bone

Question 20

symphyses

Answer 20

cartilaginous joints with bones connected by fibrocartilage.
functional class of symphyses: amphiarthrotic joints
ex: intervertebral disc
pubic symphysis

Question 21

synovial joints

Answer 21

ligaments bind the bones; joints cavity present. A synovial joints are diarthrotic joints (freely moveable)

Question 22

6 types of synovial joints

Answer 22

• Plane joints
• Hinge joints
• Pivot joints
• Condyloid joints
• Saddle joints
• Ball-and-socket joints

Question 23

Why do torn ligaments take a long time to heal?

Answer 23

Because ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue which is poorly vascularized so it take longer to supply all the Nutrients and chemicals required for repair

Question 24

gliding

Answer 24

slipping movements (moving wrist side to side to wave)

Question 25

flexion

Answer 25

movement that decreases the angle of a joint

Question 26

Extension

Answer 26

movement that increases the angle of a joint from a flexed position to the anatomical position

Question 27

abduction

Answer 27

movement of a limb AWAY from the midline of the body

Question 28

adduction

Answer 28

movement of a limb TOWARD the midline of the body

Question 29

circumduction

Answer 29

movement of the limb that describes a cone in space

Question 30

rotation

Answer 30

movement of a bone around an axis

Question 31

plane joint

Answer 31

articulating surfaces are flat intercarpals/intertarsals ; Gliding movements allowed

Question 32

hinge joint

Answer 32

one articular surface is cylindrical and the other surface is a trough; Flexion/extension allowed Examples: elbow joint; knee joint

Question 33

pivot joint

Answer 33

one articular surface is round and the other surface is a sleeve or ring; Rotation allowed Examples: Radioulnar joint atlanto-axial joint = allows us to move the head side to side to motion “NO"

Question 34

condyloid joint

Answer 34

one articular surface is oval protrusion and the other surface is an oval depression; Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction, Circumduction allowed Examples: metacarpophalangeal joints (knuckles); atlanto-occipital joint: allows us to move head up and down to motion “YES"

Question 35

saddle joint

Answer 35

one articular bone has both convex and concave surfaces and the other articular bone has both concave and convex surfaces ( in reverse); flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, Circumduction allowed *carpometacarpal joint of the thumb – the only example in the human body

Question 36

ball and socket joint

Answer 36

one articular surface is a spherical head and the other surface is a cuplike socket. ALL movements allowed

Question 37

arthritis

Answer 37

a disease characterized by inflammation of synovial membranes that causes stiff and painful joints.

Question 38

menisci

Answer 38

discs of fibrocartilage that extend from the articular capsule into the synovial cavity to improve the fit of a synovial joint which minimizes wear and tear

Question 39

bursae

Answer 39

flattened fibrous sacs that contain synovial fluid to reduce friction where bones, tendons, ligaments and muscles rub together

Question 40

tendon sheaths

Answer 40

elongated bursae that wrap completely around tendons subjected to a lot of friction; tendon sheaths reduce friction.