Tissues Flashcards
(62 cards)
1
Q
Tissues Definition
A
A group of similar cells that perform a common function
2
Q
4 primary tissues in the human body are?
A
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous
3
Q
Epithelial Tissues..
A
Covering
4
Q
Connective Tissue..
A
Support
5
Q
Muscle Tissues..
A
Movement
6
Q
Nervous Tissues..
A
Control
7
Q
Characteristics of Epithelial Tissues? 6
A
- Polarity
- Avascular
- Supported by basement membrane
- connective tissue underlies/supports all epithelial tissue
-High regenerative capacity
-Innervated
8
Q
Polarity?
A
Lower/attached basal surface; free apical surface; apical surface may have cilia or microvilli.
9
Q
What does it mean to be avascular?
A
Lack blood vessels
10
Q
basement membrane?
A
double layered- superior basal lamina abutting the epithelial tissue and a deep reticular lamina abutting the underlying connective tissue.
11
Q
Connective tissue for epithelial tissue
A
supports: connective tissue is vascular and provides nutrients to the overlaying avascular epithelial tissue by diffusing through basement membrane.
12
Q
High regeneration capacity? epithelial tissue
A
Undergo cell division so far as they receive nutrients from underlying connective tissue
13
Q
Simple squamous epithelium
A
- single layer
- disc shaped central nuclei
- sparse cytoplasm
-passage of material by diffusion and filtration where protection is not important
-secretes and lubrication - sacs of lungs
-kidney glomeruli - endothelium (lymphatic vessels)
- Mesothelium (lining of ventral body
14
Q
Simple Cuboidal epithelium
A
- single layer
- cube shape
- large spherical central nuclei
- secretion and absorption
- kidney tubules
- Germinal epithelium -ovary surface
15
Q
Simple columnar epithelium
A
- single layer
- round to oval nuclei
- some cells have cilia
- absorption
secrete mucus. - nonciliated lines most of digestive tract
- ciliated lines small bronchi
16
Q
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
A
- nuclei at different heights
- all cells touch basement membrane
- secretion of mucus
- nonciliated in male sperm carrying ducts
- ciliated lines trachea
and respiratory epithelium (upper respiratory tract)
17
Q
stratified squamous epithelium
A
- thick membrane, many layers
- basal cells are cuboidal or columnar
- surface are flattened (squamous)
- protects underlying tissue/ areas subjected to abrasions
- nonkeratinized form moist linings of mouth/vagina
keratinized in epidermis of skin
18
Q
stratified columnar epithelium
A
- 2 layers
apical cells are columnar shaped. - ducts of glands
- pharynx
- male urethra
- secretion
- protection
19
Q
stratified cuboidal epithelial
A
- 2 layers
- apical cells are cuboidal
lining ducts of the glands like salivary and sweat glands - secretion and protection
20
Q
transitional epithelium
A
- looks like both stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal
- basal cuboidal or columnar
- surface dome or squamous like
- stretches for distension of urinary organs
- lines bladder
lines the ureters
21
Q
endocrine glands
A
secrete their products (hormones) into extracellular fluid
22
Q
exocrine glands
A
secrete their products onto the body’s surface
23
Q
Unicellular exocrine glands
A
goblet cells in membranous epithelia, secrete mucin.
24
Q
Characteristics of connective tissues
A
- Common origin (mesenchyme)
- different degrees of vascularity
- composed of 2 parts: living and nonliving
25
common origin
in connective tissue all tissue is derived from the embryonic tissue called Mesenchyme
26
different degrees of vascularity
connective tissue goes from avascular to poorly vascular to very vascular
27
nonliving portion in connective tissue
=extracellular matrix=ground substances and the fibers
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3 fibers (nonliving portion of connective tissue)
-collagen=white fibers
-elastic fibers=yellow fibers
-reticular fibers
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living portion of connective tissue
cells that are derived from mesenchyme and they make connective tissue
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fibroblasts
produces connective tissue proper
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chondroblasts
produces cartilage
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osteoblasts
produces bone tissue
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hematopoietic stem cells
produces blood cells
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connective tissue proper: loose connective tissue, areolar
- gel like matrix
- all 3 fiber types
- wraps and cushions organs
-under epithelia of body, very vascular
forms lamina propria of mucous membranes (under epithelium)
supports epithelial tissue
packaging material of the body
35
Conective tissue proper: loose connective tissue, adipose
-packed fat cells
- nucleus to the side
- provides reserve food fuel
- insulates heat
- protects and supports organs
- under skin(hypodermis)
- in breast
- stores triglycerides
36
connective tissue proper: loose connective tissue, rectular
- network of reticular fibers
- fibers form soft internal skeleton, supports white blood cells
in lymphoid organs like lymph nodes
37
Connective tissue proper: dense connective tissue, dense regular
- mostly parallel collagen fibers(some elastic)
- major cell type in fibroblast
-attaches muscle to bones or bones to bone
- great tensile stress when force is applied in 1 direction
- tendons, most ligaments, aponeuroses
- stronger than steel?
- also known as fibrous CT
- poorly vascularized
38
connective tissue proper: dense connective tissue, dense irregular
- mostly irregularly arranged collogen fibers (some elastic)
- major cell type in fibroblasts
- can stand tension exerted in many directions
- structural strength
- in dermis of skin
- fibrous capsules of organs and joints
- highly vascularized
39
cartilage: hyaline
- most abundant cartilage
- no definitive shape but firm matrix
- collogen fibers make slight network
- supports and reinforces
- cushioning properties
- forms most of embryonic skeleton
- covers ends of long bones in joint cavities
costal cartilage inn ribs
40
cartilage: elastic
- kinda like hyaline but more elastic fibers in matrix
maintain shape of a structure with flexibility
- supports external ear (Pinna)
-epiglottis
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Cartilage: Fibrocartilage
- matrix like but less firm than in hyaline
- thick collogen fibers predominate
- tensile strength and absorbs compressive shock
- in in intervertebral disc, pubic symphysis, menisci- discs of knee joint
- made by chondroblasts, all cartilage is avascular and surrounded by highly vascularized dense irregular CT called the perichondrium
42
Bone (osseous tissue)
- hard, calcified matrix, many collagens' fibers
- osteocytes in lacunae
- very well vascularized
-bone supports and protects.
- stores calcium and minerals
- in bones
43
blood
- red and white blood cells in a fluid matrix (plasma)
- transport of respiratory gases, nutrients, waste
- contained within blood vessels
- secreted by the hematopoietic stem cells
- fluid matrix is referred to as blood plasma
44
Nervous tissue
- branching cells
- long extended
- transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors and to effectors (muscle and glands) which control their activity
- in brain, spinal cord, and nerves
- special cuz nervous tissue is composed of two types of cells
- neurons (nerve cells) and supporting cells(neurogial cells)
45
Skeletal muscles
-longs, cylindrical, multinucleate cells; obvious striations
- voluntary movement and control
- in skeletal muscles attaches to bones and sometimes skin
46
Cardiac muscles
- branching
- striated
- generally uninucleate cells that interdigitate at specialized junctions
as it contracts it propels blood into circulation
- involuntary control
- walls of heart
47
smooth muscle
- spindle shaped cells with central nuclei
- no striations
- cells arranged to form sheets
- propels substances (food, urine) along internal passageways
- involuntary control
mostly in walls of hollow organs
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All connective tissue comes from the...
Mesenchyme
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Cellular descendants of Mesenchyme
Fibroblasts, Osteoblast, chondroblasts, and hematopoietic stem cells
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poorly vascularized
cartilage, desne regular CT,
51
very vascular
Dense irregular, areolar
52
Chondrocytes secrete cartilage (any of the other secrete)
False, it can Reverte back to a chondroblast to make cartilage but not actually make cartilage.
53
Connective tissue proper: dense connective tissue: elastic tissue
- high contact of elastic fibers
- exhibits the strech recoil properties
- in the ligamenta flava which connect adjacent the processes of the vertebrae
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Organic matrix of bone tissue
Osteoid (gel like)
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Inorganic matrix of bone tissue
hydroxyapatites (calcium phosphate crystals)
56
truefalse: the inorganic matrix of bone tissue is osteoid
False
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cutaneous membrane= Skin
overlying tissue: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
underlaying tissue: areolar and irregular
58
mucous membrane
(lines the organs in the tracts of the body: a body tract has an opening to the exterior) overlaying nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium or simple columnar epithelium
underlying: areolar CT (areolar CT in mucus membrane is specifically referred to as the lamina propria (only called that in the mucus membrane)
59
serous membrane (covers organs int he ventral body cavity)
overlaying tissue: simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium)
simple squamous epithelium in serous membrane is specifically referred to as the mesothelium.
60
what is the endothelium
simple squamous epithelial tissue that lines the structures of the cardiovascular system
61
what is the mesothelium?
is simple squamous epithelial lining in the serosae membrane
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