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Joints Flashcards

(89 cards)

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1
Q

articulate

A

meet

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2
Q

arthro

A

root word for joint

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3
Q

fibrous joint

A

joints with no space. bones are connected by fibrous tissue. there is little or no movement

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4
Q

cartilaginous joint

A

joints with no space. bones are joined by cartilage. movement is limited or absent

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5
Q

synovial joint

A

joints with a space ( joint cavity) separating the ends of bones that is filled with synovial fluid. a wide range of movement is possible

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6
Q

joint capsule

A

surrounds and reinforces the joint. the inner layer of the joint capsule is lined by a synovial membrane

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7
Q

ligaments

A

a thick band of fibrous tissue extending from one bone to another at a joint

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8
Q

collateral ligaments

A

form part of the joint capsule that surrounds the joint. provide stability to the joint, helping prevent medial and lateral movement of the bones

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9
Q

intracapsular ligaments

A

ligaments located within the joint space. help provide stability and control the range of motion. in weight bearing joints they also aid in absorbing and distributing forces transmitted through the joint during walking, running, and jumping

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10
Q

articular cartilages

A

cover the ends of the bones. cushion the bone ends, protecting the effects of friction and compression

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11
Q

joint cavity

A

a joint space between the two bones and within the joint capsule

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12
Q

synovial membrane

A

lines the joint cavity and secretes a lubricating synovial fluid which coats the interior of the joint. carries oxygen and nutrients to cartilage and ligaments

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13
Q

menisci singular is meniscus

A

one or more fibrocartilagenous disc within the joint cavity. only some synovial joins have menisci. help increase the range of motion of the joint and act as shock absorbers, reducers from wear and tear

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14
Q

flexion

A

reduces the angle between two bones (bends the limb)

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15
Q

Adduction

A

the body part is moved towards the median plane of the body

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16
Q

extension

A

increases the angle between two bones (straightens the limb)

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17
Q

rotation

A

revolving the bone around its long axis

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18
Q

circumduction

A

movement of the end of a bone

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19
Q

plane/ gliding

A

the articular surfaces of the joint slide over one another

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20
Q

abduction

A

the body part is moved away from the median plane of the body

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21
Q

pivot

A

consists of a peg sitting within a ring that allows rotation

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22
Q

condylar

A

consists of a convex surface that sits in a corresponding concave surface. allows movement in two planes (flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction)

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23
Q

ball and socket

A

consists of a rounded end or ball, sitting within a socket or cup. allows a wide range of movement

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24
Q

hinge

A

allows movement in one plane only (flexion and extension)

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25
axial skeleton
forms the central axis of the animal and includes the skull, spine, sternum, and ribs
26
tuberosity
a rounded prominence on a bone. it is often roughened in texture and serves as an attachment site muscles, tendons, or ligaments
27
trochanter
a large, prominent process on the femur. provides an attachment point for muscles of the hip and thigh
28
prominence
a noticeable projection or protrusion on the surface of the bone- that is an area that stands out
29
tubercle
a small rounded projection or bump that serves as an attachment point for muscles, ligaments and tendons
30
condyle
a rounded articular prominence at the end of a bone. It is often smooth and convex and forms a joint with another bone, allowing for movement and articulation
31
epicondyle
a bony prominence located near a condyle that serves as an attachment point for muscles, tendons, or ligaments. it is typically smaller than the condyle
32
facet
a small flat, or smooth, articular surface on a bone. facets are often found in joints, where they articulate with another structure
33
fossa
a shallow depression or hollow on the surface of a bone. it may serve as an attachment site for muscles of provide space for other structures such as blood vessels or nerves
34
foramen
a hole or opening in the bone through which blood vessels, nerves or other structures may pass
35
trochlea
a smooth, grooved articular surface. it is typically pulley-shaped and allows for the smooth gliding or articulation of another bone or structure
36
cranium
the caudal part of the skull that forms the bony casing housing the brain.
37
temporal bone
lies below the parietal bone on the caudolateral surface of the skull.
37
parietal bone
forms much of the dorsal and lateral walls of the cranium
38
tympanic bulla
a rounded prominecne in the most ventral part of the temporal bone that houses the structures of the middle ear
39
external acoustic meatus
an opening into the tympanic bulla (in life is closed by the tympanic membrane/eardrum) the cartilages of the external ear canal are attached to this region of the skull
40
frontal bone
forms the cranial aspect of the cranium (the forehead) and contains as air-filled chamber called the frontal sinus- this connects to the nasal chamber
41
occipital bone
lies at the base of the skull on the caudal aspect.
42
occipital condyles
bony prominences on either side of the occipital bone. they articulate with the first part of the spine
43
foramen magnum
the large opening at the caudal end of the skull which allows for passage of the spinal cord
44
sphenoid bone
lies on the ventral aspect of the skull , forming the floor of the cranial cavity. the sphenoid bone is penetrated by multiple small foramina through which nerves and blood vessels pass
45
sagittal crest
a ridge of bone on the dorsal midline surface of the skull, which can be prominent in muscular dog breeds
46
zygomatic bone
this bone includes an arch (the zygomatic arch) that projects laterally from the skull (cheekbones)
47
lacrimal bone
lies at the base of orbit (the space that houses the eye). this is the region through which tears drain from the eye into the nose
48
nasal chambers
the most rostral part of the skull houses the nasal chambers, the sides of which are formed by the maxilla, the roof by the nasal bone and the front by the incisive bones
49
nasal spectrum
nasal chamber is divided lengthways into two cartilagenous plates
50
nasal turbinate or conchae
each nasal chamber is filled with these delicate scrolls of bone. their main function is to warm, humidify and filter the air that enters the nasal passages before it reaches the lungs. their shape creates turbulent airflow.
51
ethmoid bone
forms a boundary between the nasal and cranial cavities at the end of the nasal chamber
52
cribiform plate
located in the center of the ethmoid bone, a sieve-like area punctured by multiple foramina through which nerves pass from the nasal mucosa to the brain
53
hard palate
the roof of the mouth. formed by three bones on the ventral aspect of the skull: the incisive bone, part of the maxilla, and the palatine bone
54
mandible
lower jaw. comprises two halves joined together at the chin by a cartilagenous joint called the mandibular symphysis
55
body of the mandible
the horizontal part of the mandible that carries the sockets or alveoli for the teeth of the mandible
56
ramus of the mandible
the vertical part of the mandible that articulates with the rest of the skull at the temporomandibular joint via a projection called the condylar process
57
condylar process
a projection at the temporomandibular
58
coronoid process and angular process
attachment points for the muscles of the jaw. angular is on the caudal ventral below the condylar process
59
Temporomandibular joint
connects the temporal bones of the skull with the condylar process of the mandible. mainly a hinge joint
60
hyoid apparatus
lie in the space between the mandibles and consists of a fine bones and cartilages joined together
61
vertebral column
spinal column
62
vertebrae singular = vertebra
a number of bones arranged in a series along the midline of the body and extending from the base of the skull to the tip of the tail
63
cervical (C)
neck region
64
Thoracic (T)
thoracic region
65
Lumbar region (L)
lower back or abdominal region
66
Sacral (S)
pelvic region
67
Caudal (Cd) or coccygeal
the tail
68
functions of the vertebrae
1) to stiffen the body axis and help maintain posture 2) to enclose and protect the spinal cord 3)to shield and protect the softer underlying structures of the neck, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis
69
body of the vertebrae
the main ventral portion of the bone
70
arch of the vertebrae
dorsal to the body
71
spinal canal
when the arches of all the vertebrae are lined up, they form a long, flexible tunnel which houses and protects the spinal cord
72
spinous process
a single dorsally projection
73
transverse processes
two lateral projections
74
articular processes
located on the cranial and caudal ends of the vertebral arches, which form synovial joints with the adjacent vertebrae creating a flexible rod
75
fibrocartilaginous intervertebral disc
between the bodies of each pair of vertebrae. acts as a shock absorber, preventing damage to the spinal cord during movement
76
annulus fibrosus
a tough fibrous connective tissue that composes the outer area of intervertebral discs
77
nucleus pulposus
a core of gelatinous material in intervertebral discs
78
atlanto- occipital joint
the joint between C1 and the occipital condyles
79
atlantoaxial joint
the joint between C1 and C2
80
sacroiliac joint
the joint on either side of the pelvis that forms with the sacrum
81
intercostal space
the space between ribs
82
ribs
flat bones that form the lateral walls of the thorax
83
dorsal part of the rib made of bone
bony part has a head, a tubercle, and a body
84
ventral cartilaginous part of the rin
costal cartilage and its junction with the bony part is called the costochondral junction
85
sternum
forms the floor of the thorax , made of rod- like bones called sternebrae
86
manubrium
the first, most cranial sternebra
87
xiphoid process
the last , most caudal sternebra
88

Anatomy (11 decks)

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