Joints Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is a joint?
An articulation point between bones, often includes connective tissue
Structural classifications of joints
Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
Fibrous Joint
Sutures made of dense connective tissue or bone, such as skull sutures
Cartilaginous Joint
Connections between bones made of cartilage. Very little or no movement
Synovial Joint
Bones separated by a joint cavity, covered in articular cartilage, and enclosed within an articular capsule
Functional classifications of joints
Synarthroses, amphiarthroses, diarthroses
Synarthrotic Joint
A joint that allows no movement, ex. a suture or gomphosis
Amphiarthrotic Joint
A joint that allows little movement, ex pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs
Diarthrotic Joint
A joint that allows full range of motion, such as the knee joint
Synchondroses
A place where hyaline cartilage creates a temporary joint, such as the epiphysial plates
Ligament
Dense, stretch resistant connective tissue that connects bone to bone. A sprain as a tear in a ligament. The purpose of a ligament is to stabilize a joint
Bursae
Small fluid filled sacs that roll between bones in a synovial joint, lessening friction
Types of joints
Hinge, ball and socket, planar, pivot, saddle
Flexion
A decrease in the angle between the bones of a joint
Extension
An increase in the angle between the bones of a joint
Abduction
A lateral increase in the distance between an appendage and the midline of the body
Adduction
A lateral decrease in the distance between an appendage and the midline of the body
Circumduction
Movement in a circular motion at a joint
Rotation
Ex. Shaking the head
Elevation/Depression
Raising or lowering
Protraction/Retraction
Movement of the jaw forward or backward
Inversion/Eversion
Movement of the foot pointing the plantar region toward or away from the midline of the body
Dorsiflexion/Plantarflexion
Pointing or lifting of the toes
Supination/Pronation
Pointing the palm of the hand up or down
