JOINTS

Question 1

MACROPHAGES FUNCTIONS

Answer 1

-devour foreign material
-dispose of dead tissue cells

Question 2

MAST CELL SECRETIONS

Answer 2

1. heparin
2. histamine
3. protesases
4. other enzymes

Question 3

HOW ARE EPITHELIAL TISSUES CLASSIFIED?

Answer 3

1. SHAPE
2. LAYERS

Question 4

CONNECTIVE TISSUE FEATURES

Answer 4

1. Ground Substance
2. Fibres (reticular, elastic and collagen)
3. Cells (fat cells, mast cells, macrophages)

Question 5

JOINT TYPES (structural)

Answer 5

1. Fibrous
2. Cartilaginous
3. Synovial

Question 6

FIBROUS JOINTS

Answer 6

-no synovial cavity
-bones held together with dense irregular tissue

TYPES:
1. suture
2. syndesmosis
3. gomphosis

Question 7

CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS

Answer 7

-no synovial cavity
-bones held together by cartilage

TYPES:
1. synchondrosis
2. symphyses

Question 8

SYNOVIAL JOINT

Answer 8

-synovial cavity
-bones held together by dense irregular tissue
-hyaline cartilage which helps with smooth movements

Question 9

SYNOTOSIS

Answer 9

-replacement of a suture with bony tissue
-can occur with growth of skull

Question 10

JOINT TYPES (FUNCTIONAL)

Answer 10

1. synarthrosis - immovable
2. amphiarthrosis - slightly moveable
3. diarthrosis - freely moveable

Question 11

SYNCHONDROSIS

Answer 11

CARTILAGINOUS JOINT

-cartilage is hyaline cartilage
-immovable (synarthrosis)
-tend to ossify later in life
-ex. epiphyseal growth plate

Question 12

SYMPHYSES

Answer 12

CARTILAGINOUS JOINT

• ends of bone have hyaline cartilage, but large fibrocartilage disc which connects the bones
• slightly moveable (amphiarthrosis)
• ex. pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs

Question 13

SUTURES

Answer 13

FIBROUS JOINT

• composed of thin layer of dense irregular tissue
• ONLY BETWEEN SKULL BONES
• begin as amphiarthritic and become synarthritic

Question 14

SYNDESMOSIS

Answer 14

FIBROUS JOINT
- more space between bone and more dense irregular tissue than suture
- tissue formed in bundle permitting limited movement (synarthosis)

Question 15

GOMPHOSIS

Answer 15

FIBROUS JOINTS
- occurs between root of tooth and mandible

Question 16

EXTRACAPSULAR VS INTRACAPSULAR

Answer 16

1. lie outside capsule (fibular and tibia ligaments)
2. inside capsule, separate from synovial cavity folds

Question 17

MENISCI

Answer 17

-crescent shaped pads of fibrocartilage
-lie between articular surface and attached to fiberous capsule

Question 18

LABRUM

Answer 18

• found in ball and socket joints
• helps deepen joint socket and increases SA on contact between socket and ball

Question 19

SYNOVIAL JOINT NERVE AND BLOOD SUPPLY

Answer 19

• many are avascular
• supply nutrients and O2 to joints
• veins take away waste and CO2

Question 20

BURSAE

Answer 20

-sac-like filled with small amounts of fluid to reduce friction on joints

Question 21

TENDON SHEATH

Answer 21

• Synovial sheath reduces friction, wrap around tendons

Question 22

ARTICULATION

Answer 22

-point of contact between 2 bones

Question 23

ARTHOLOGY

Answer 23

-study of joints

Question 24

HOW ARE JOINTS CLASSIFIED

Answer 24

-presence of absence of space (synovial cavity)
-type of connective tissue