Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Human Anatomy > Joints > Flashcards

Joints Flashcards

(63 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what can articulations be

A

bone to bone, bone to cartilage, teeth in bony sockets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

why do we have joints

A

enable resistance to crushing, tearing and other forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the functional classification of joints based on

A

amount of movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the 3 types of joint movement

A

synarthroses: immoveable, common in axial skeleton
amphiarthroses: slightly movable, common in axial skeleton
diarthroses: freely movable, common in appendicular skeleton (all synovial joints)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the structural classification of joints based on

A

material that binds bones together or presence/absence of a joint cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the 3 types of structural classifications of joints

A

fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are fibrous joints made of

A

collagen fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the 3 types of fibrous joints and their joint movement

A

sutures - synarthrotic
syndesmoses - amphiarthrotic
gomphoses - synarthrotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

describe suture

A

joint is completely filled with dense regular connective tissue, which allows for growth, only seen in skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

describe syndesmoses

A

joint held together by ligament, fibrous tissue length may vary but longer than sutures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what determines the amount of movement of a ligament

A

length of ligament fibres (longer - more movement, shorter - less movement)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

describe gomphoses

A

peg in socket, only seen in teeth in the maxilla & mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

why is it good that sutures allow growth

A

for ease of passage through birth canal and allows for growth of brain in first few years of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are cartilaginous joints made of

A

cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints and their joint movement

A

synchondroses - synarthrotic
symphyses - amphiarthrotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

describe synchondroses

A

a plate of hyaline cartilage unites bones (seen in joint between first rib and sternum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

describe symphyses

A

areas in need of more cushioning will have fibrocartilage uniting bones, to resist tension and hyaline cartilage will be present as articular cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

features of synovial joints

A

most movable type of joint, all are diarthrotic and each contains a fluid-filled joint cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

general structure of synovial joints

A
  1. articular cartilage
  2. joint (synovial) cavity
  3. articular capsule
  4. synovial fluid
  5. reinforcing ligaments
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the articular cartilage

A

hyaline cartilage that covers the opposing bones surface to absorb compression forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is in the joint cavity

A

synovial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the articular capsule

A

a two-layered capsule that encloses the joint cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the two layers of the articular capsule

A

fibrous capsule - dense irregular connective tissue (provides structural strength)
synovial (inner) membrane - areolar connective tissue (functions to make synovial fluid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

synovial fluid function

A

viscous fluid found in joint cavity, within articular cartilage, provides weight-bearing lubrication that reduces friction between cartilage and brings nutrients to articular cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what are reinforcing ligaments
capsular ligaments, which are the thickened parts of the fibrous capsule and can be extra or intracapsular
26
nerve and blood supply to joints
joints are richly supplied with sensory nerves (to detect paint and monitor how much the capsule is stretched) and have a rich blood supply (most supply the synovial membrane and extensive capillary beds produce basis of synovial fluid)
27
how do synovial joints function
fluid is squeezed out as opposing cartilages touch, cartilages ride on slippery film and when pressure decreases, synovial fluid rushes back into the articulating cartilages
28
what is rheumatoid arthritis
autoimmune disease where body attacks synovial membrane, halting production of synovial fluid and causing inflammation, destruction of cartilage and limited range of motion
29
what is osteoarthritis
due to aging or injury, cartilage is destroyed, causing bone on bone grinding which leads to bone spurs
30
what are the special structures of synovial joints
articular disc, bursae and tendon sheath
31
what is the articular disc (meniscus)
fibrocartilage that allows bones of different shapes to fit together, it makes joints more stable, minimizes wear and tear on joint surface by distributing the load more evenly, it can completely or partially divide the joint cavity
32
what are bursa
flattened fibrous sacs lined with synovial membrane that contain a thin film of synovial fluid
33
what are tendon sheaths
elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon that experiences friction on all sides
34
what is "student's elbow"
resting elbows on desk that can lead to swelling of the olecranon bursa, which causes pain and swelling (bursitis), severe cases are treated by anti-inflammatory drugs or fluid removal
35
what factors influence joint stability
articular surfaces (small role), ligaments and muscle tone (most important)
36
why is it important to work opposing muscles equally
to keep equal tension on both sides of the joint
37
what is a sprain
a joint injury that stretches or tears ligaments, no bone dislocation, may damage nearby blood vessels or muscles
38
what is a strain
a less serious muscle injury of overstretched or partially torn muscle
39
what is a plane joint and give an example
articular surface is flat and allows only short gliding movement, nonaxial movement (gliding) ex. intercarpal joints of wrist
40
what is a hinge joint
a cylindrical projection of one bone fits into a trough-shaped surface on another, uniaxial movement (flexion and extension) ex. elbow joint
41
what is a pivot joint
the rounded end of one bone protrudes into a ring of bone and ligament, uniaxial movement (rotation) ex. proximal radioulnar joint
42
what is a condylar joint
the oval articular surface of one bone fits into a complementary depression in another, biaxial movement (flexion/extension and adduction/abduction) ex. wrist joint
43
what is a saddle joint
each articular surface has both concave and convex area, biaxial movement ex. carpometacarpal joints of thumbs
44
what is a ball and socket joint
spherical or hemispherical head of one bone articulates with cuplike socket of another, multiaxial (flexion/extension, adduction/abduction, rotation) ex. shoulder and hip joint
45
what is gliding movement
one flat bone surface slips over another without much angulation or rotation
46
what are angular movements
- flexion: movement along sagittal plane that DECREASES angle of joint and brings articulating bones closer together - extension: movement along sagittal plane that INCREASES angle of joint and moves articulating bones further apart - abduction: movement of limb AWAY from midline along frontal plane/fingers & toes spreading apart - adduction: movement of limb TOWARD midline along frontal plane/fingers & toes brought together
47
what is rotation
bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis
48
supination
palm faces anterior, radius and ulna are parallel
49
pronation
palm faces posterior, radius and ulna are crossed
50
dorsiflexion
lifting the foot so the superior surface approaches the shin
51
plantar flexion
depressing the foot, pointing the toes
52
inversion
turning the sole medially
53
eversion
turning the sole laterally
54
protraction
nonangular anterior movement in a transverse plane
55
retraction
nonangular posterior movement in a transverse plane
56
elevation
lifting a body part superiorly
57
depression
moving an elevated body part inferiorly
58
opposition
touching thumb to fingers
59
knee joint features
largest and most complex joint, primarily acts like a hinge with two fibrocartilage menisci within the joint cavity and condyles of femur roll along the almost-flat condyles of the tibia
60
why do major ligaments of the knee joint become taut when the knee is extended
to prevent hyperextension
61
what are the main extracapsular ligaments and what do they prevent
fibular collateral ligament (LCL) and tibial collateral ligament (MCL), they prevent medial/lateral movement of the leg
62
what are the main intracapsular ligaments (cruciate ligaments - cross each other like an X) and what do they prevent
anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) which prevents anterior sliding of the tibia and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) which prevents forward sliding of the femur or backward displacement of the tibia
63
what is the unhappy triad
lateral blows to the knee can tear the tibial collateral ligament, medial meniscus and anterior cruciate ligament

Human Anatomy (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions