joints Flashcards
(40 cards)
what is an articulation or joint? how are they named
- place 2 bones come together
- named according bones or points united at joint.
what is function of a synarthrosis joint?
- bony edges close together may even interlock. incredibly strong joints located where movememnt between bones must be prevented.
what is the classification and function of a suture?
- fibrous synarthrotic joint located between bones of skull.
- bound together at suture by dense fibrous connective tissue
what is the function of a Gomphosis joint?
-synarthrosis binds teeth to bony sockets in maxillae and mandible.
classification and function of synostosis joint?
- synarthrosis body fusion.
- rigid, immovable joint made when 2 bones fuse together.
amphiarthrosis joint?
- little movement
- more movement than synarthrosis, much stronger than freely moveable joint. articulating bones connected by collagen fibres or cartilage.
What is the function of a syndesmosis joint?
- amphiarthrosis
- bones connected by ligament. example distal articulation between tibia and fibula or ulna and radius
what is function and classification of a symphysis?
- cartilaginous
- articulating bones separated by wedge or pad fibrous cartilage.
what is a diarthrosis joint?
-diarthrosis, or synovial joints, permit wider range motion than other joints. located usually at ends long bones.
monaxial: movement one plane, elbow, ankle, knee
biaxial-movement two planes- wrist
triaxial: movement three planes: shoulder and hip
what is function and classification of synovial fluid?
surrounds by joint capsule or articular capsule. joint capsule composed synovial membrane
- lubrication
- nourshes chondrocytes
- shock absorber
what does a plane or gilding joint do?
- monaxial
- some rotation
- intervertebral,intercarpal
classification and function of a saddle joint?
- biaxial
- example thumb
what does a hinge joint do?
- monaxial
- example elbow,ankle
what does a pivot joint do ?
*monaxial rotation around single axis
example articulation between end of axis and atlas.
what does an ellipsoid joint do?
*modified ball and socket
biaxial
-
what does a ball and socket joint do?
-multiaxial
ex shoulder and hip joints
classification and function of menisci joint?
- fibrous cartilage
- subdivide synovial cavity
- channel flow synovial fluid
- allow variations shapes of particular surfaces, restrict movements joint
classification and function of fat pads?
- found at periphery of joint
- protection for articular cartilages serve packing material for joint as a whole
function and classification of ligaments?
3 kinds
accessory ligaments: support, strengthen, reinforce synovial joints
intrinsic ligaments: thickening of joint capsule
extrinsic ligaments: separate joint from capsule
what does a tendon do?
- pass across joint
- presence may limit range motion
- provide significant strength to capsule
what does a bursae do?
- fluid filled pockets in connective tissue
- reduce friction and act as shock absorber
what are the angular ranges of motion of a joint?
active: amount movement accomplished by muscle contraction
passive: movement accomplished by outside force
abduction: movement away from body
adduction: brings movement back to body
flexion: movement in anterior, posterior plane reduces angle between articulating elements
extension: same plane as flexion. increases angle between articulating elements
hyperextension: limb extended beyond normal limits resulting in joint damage
circumduction: moving in loop
what are the rotation types of movement?
medial: limbs move inward
external: limbs move outward
pronation: palms facing back
supination: palms facing up
what are special movements ?
eversion: twisting motion foot. sole foot facing outward
inversion: twisting motion foot, sole facing inward
dorsiflexion: tens up
plantar flexion: toes down
lateral flexion: vertebral bend to side.
protraction: moving part body anteriorly in horizontal plane
retraction: moving part body posteriorly in horizontal plane
opposition: special movement of thumb
elevation and depression: stucture moves inferiorly or superiorly
