Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

human form and function > joints > Flashcards

joints Flashcards

(54 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what is a joint

A

physical connection between 2 bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

functions of a joint

A 
allow movement (articulation) 
provide mechanical support (stability)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what does the functional joint classification refer to

A

relates to the degree of movement they permit

- synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is synarthrosis

A

an immovable joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is amphiarthrosis

A

a slightly movable joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is a diarthrosis

A

a freely movable joint
they have a variety of shapes
permit different types of movement
all are synovial joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the structural joint classification based on

A
  1. the presence or absence of a space between the articulating bones
  2. type of connective tissue that binds the bones together
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the synovial cavity

A

space between the articulating bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

types of joints based on the structural classification

A

fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is a fibrous joint

A
  • joint with no synovial joint
  • bones are held very closely by fibrous tissue (dense irregular connective tissue) - rich in collagen fibres
  • show little to no movement and relatively stable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

types of fibrous joints

A

sutures, gomphosis and syndesmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is a suture

A

a fibrous joint composed of a continuous thin layer of dense irregular connective tissue (periosteum) - serrated interlocking edges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where do sutures occur

A

in bones of the skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

classification of suture

A

functional: synarthrosis (immovable)
structural: fibrous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is a gomphosis

A

a peg in socket joint

e.g. roots of teeth in mandible/maxillary bone - supported by fibrous ligaments (periodontal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

classification of gomphosis

A

functional: synarthrosis (motion is limited)
structural: fibrous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is a syndesmosis

A

fibrous tissue bond between long bones which have an interosseous membrane between (ligament)
- forces can pass between these bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

classification of syndesmosis

A

functional: amphiarthrosis (slightly movable)
structural: fibrous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

types of cartilage

A

elastic, fibrocartilage and hyaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is elastic cartilage

A

formed by elastic fibres, collagen and proteoglycans
it is rigid but had elastic properties
e.g. external ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is fibrocartilage and what are its function

A

it has more collagen than proteoglycans
strongest type of cartilage
it has thicker bundles of collagen fibres
slightly compressible
deals with pressure points (e.g. intervertebral discs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is hyaline and what are its functions

Study These Flashcards
A

cartilage formed by equal amount of collagen and proteoglycans
the collagen fibres are evenly dispersed, are smooth and translucent
provide strong support but are flexible
covers the surface of bones to reduce friction and shock

23
Q

what is a cartilaginous joint

Study These Flashcards
A
  • joint with no synovial cavity
  • bones are held by cartilage - either hyaline or fibrocartilage
  • show little or no movement to slight movement
24
Q

types of cartilaginous joints

Study These Flashcards
A

synchondroses and symphysis

25
what is a synchondroses
cartilaginous joint where bones are held together by hyaline cartilage
26
where are the synchondroses found
found in children and young adults at growing end of long bones - they are temporary and replaced by bone in adulthood
27
what do synchondroses allow
allows bone growth but not movement
28
classification of synchondroses
functional: synarthrosis structural: cartilaginous
29
what is a symphysis
type of cartilaginous joint located in midline | includes the intervertebral discs and pubis symphysis
30
bones in symphysis
the ends of the articulating bones are covered in hyaline | between bones there is a piece of fibrocartilage
31
classification of symphysis
functional: amphiarthrosis structural: cartilaginous
32
what is a synovial joint
joint where the articulating bones are separated by a fluid-filled joint cavity they are all diarthroses
33
what is the synovium
sheet of fibrous tissue that secretes synovial fluid
34
what is the synovial fluid
hyaluronic acid secreted by synovial cells in the synovial membrane and interstitial fluid filtered from blood plasma
35
what is the function of the synovial fluid
it forms a thin film over the surfaces within the articular capsule reduces friction by lubricating the joint absorbs shock
36
what is a bursa
a small fluid-filled sac or cavity situated in places in tissues where friction would otherwise occur
37
what are articular discs and menisci
- fibrocartilage pads which lie between the articular surfaces of the bones and are attached to the fibrous capsule - the discs bind strongly to the inside of the fibrous membrane and usually subdivide the synovial cavity into two spaces, allowing separate movements to occur in each space
38
which are the movements at the synovial joints
- uniaxial - occurring around 1 axis - biaxial - occurring around 2 axes at right angles - multiaxial - occurring around several axes
39
types of synovial joints
plane, saddle, hinge, pivot, ellipsoid, and ball and socket joints
40
what is a plane joint
permits sliding/gliding movements has relatively narrow limits of movement (uniaxial) e.g. acromioclavicular joint (scapula and clavicle)
41
what is a saddle joint
``` synovial joint where the articular surfaces: - have both concave and convex areas - fit together (concave to convex) it allows movement on 2 axes (biaxial) e.g. carpometacarpal joint of the thumb ```
42
what is a hinge joint
joint capable of movement in 1 axis only (uniaxial) the shape of the articular surfaces support and limit the movements strong ligaments add support e.g. shoulder and ankle
43
what is a pivot joint
the joint where a rounded process of bone rotates within a sleeve or ring movement in 2 axes (biaxial) or multiple axes (multiaxial) e.g. metacarpophalangeal joint (knuckles)
44
what is a ball and socket joint
joint where the "ball" is a rounded articular and the "socket" is a concave articular surface allows movement in almost any direction (mulitaxial) relatively unstable - dislocation risk e.g. shoulder and hip
45
limitations of the synovial joints
1. shape and extent of articular surfaces 2. tensions of joint capsule 3. tensions of ligaments surrounding joint 4. muscles crossing and acting upon a joint 5. bony parts of joints colliding
46
what is a ligament
connection between bones it is tough, flexible made of fibrous connective tissue
47
what is a tendon
connects a muscle to a bone | flexible but inelastic cord of strong fibrous collagen tissue
48
what is osteoarthritis
a degenerative joint disease where articular cartilage and subchondral bone degenerates and the water content of cartilage decreases (reduced proteoglycans) commonly affects hands, feet, spine and large weight-wearing joints
49
what are osteophytes
spurs - hard or bony swellings - formed on the joint margins
50
what are Heberden's nodes
hard or bony swellings that can develop in the distal interphalangeal joints
51
what are Bouchard's nodes
hard or bony swellings that develop in the proximal interphalangeal
52
what is Rheumatoid arthritis
- chronic inflammatory type of arthritis which consists on the destruction of articular cartilage and ankylosis of the joint - commonly in hands, feet and cervical spine - can affect other tissues and organs (lungs - fibrosis; eyes - episcleritis)
53
what is ankylosis
when the bone locks into the least painful position
54
what are subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules
firm lumps that appear subcutaneously (ie under the skin) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

human form and function (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions