Joints

Question 1

Sites where bones meet

Answer 1

Joints

Question 2

Weakest part of the skeleton

Answer 2

Joints

Question 3

Can also be called articulations

Answer 3

Joints

Question 4

Fibrous joints

Answer 4

Immovable joints (e.g. sutural bones) called synarthroses

Question 5

Cartilaginous joints

Answer 5

Slightly movable joints (e.g. ribs while breathing) called amphiarthroses

Question 6

• Acts as “cushion” at the ends of bones
• Reduces friction and absorbs shock

Answer 6

Articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage)

Question 7

Synovial joints

Answer 7

Freely moving joints called **diarthroses **(e.g. knees)

Question 8

Synarthroses

Answer 8

Immovable (fibrous) joints

Question 9

Amphiarthrosis

Answer 9

Slightly movable (cartilaginous) joint

Question 10

Diarthrosis

Answer 10

Freely moving (synovial) joint

Question 11

Freely moving joints

Answer 11

Synovial joints called diarthroses

Question 12

Slightly movable joints

Answer 12

Cartilaginous joints called amphiarthroses

Question 13

Immovable joints

Answer 13

Fibrous joints called synarthroses

Question 14

Articulating bones separated by a fluid filled cavity

Answer 14

Synovial joints (also called diarthroses)

Question 15

5 parts that make up the general structure of a synovial joint

Answer 15

• Articular (hyaline) cartilage
• Articular capsule (joint capsule)
• Synovial cavity (joint cavity)
• Synovial fluid
• Reinforcing ligaments

Question 16

Bag of lubricant closely associated with a joint to reduce friction

Answer 16

Bursa

Question 17

“Wrapper” around a tendon

Answer 17

Tendon sheath

Question 18

• Reinforcing ligaments that hold a joint together become stretched or torn
• Healing is slow due to poor vascularization

Answer 18

Sprain

Question 19

• Bone is forced out of its normal position
• Accompanied by sprains and inflammation

Answer 19

Dislocation

Question 20

Inflammation of a bursa from excess friction/stress (e.g. repetitive motion)

Answer 20

Bursitis

Question 21

Joints that allow us to move

Answer 21

Synovial joints/Diarthroses

Question 22

Made up of hyaluronic acid and a filtrate of blood plasma

Answer 22

Synovial fluid

Question 23

Viscous (thick) part of synovial fluid

Answer 23

Hyaluronic acid

Question 24

Watery part of synovial fluid

Answer 24

Filtrate of blood plasma

Question 25

Watery part of blood that contains no blood cells

Answer 25

Blood plasma

Question 26

Ligaments that keep a joint “in line”

Answer 26

Reinforcing ligaments

Question 27

Example names include: “medial collateral ligament” and “lateral collateral ligament”

Answer 27

Reinforcing ligaments

Question 28

* Has a fibrous outer layer and a synovial membrane inner layer * Keeps synovial fluid in

Answer 28

Articular capsule (joint capsule)

Question 29

Bags of lubricant that reduce friction during joint activity

Answer 29

Bursae

Question 30

Crescent-shaped cartilage disk (“coaster”/”shim”) prone to injury

Answer 30

Meniscus

Question 31

* Type of injury common to the meniscus of the knee * Cannot heal itself * May need to surgically remove damaged part

Answer 31

Cartilage injuries

Question 32

Most common form of arthritis

Answer 32

Osteoid arthritis

Question 33

Chronic inflammatory disorder affecting connective tissue

Answer 33

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 34

Possible causes of rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 34

* Transient infection * Autoimmune disease * Genetic predisposition (hereditary)

Question 35

Possible treatments for rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 35

* Anti-inflammatory drugs * Exercise (to build up stabilizing muscles) * Steroid therapy * Joint replacement (if appropriate)

Question 36

Blood levels of uric acid rise; urate crystals deposited in soft tissue

Answer 36

Gouty arthritis (Gout)

Question 37

Possible treatments for gouty arthritis

Answer 37

* Avoid alcohol * Avoid rich foods * Cholchicine (kol-chi-sin)

Question 38

Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

Answer 38

Scoliosis

Question 39

Possible treatments for scoliosis

Answer 39

* Serious cases = a body brace * Otherwise just physical therapy or no treatment necessary

Question 40

Possible causes of scoliosis

Answer 40

* Abnormal vertebrae (e.g. bigger on one side) * Paralysis of muscles on one side * Muscles on one side stronger than the other (e.g. from carrying heavy backpack)

Question 41

Excessive concave curvature of the thoracic region of the spine

Answer 41

Kyphosis

Question 42

A.k.a. “Dowagers Hump”

Answer 42

Kyphosis

Question 43

Accentuated convex curve of the lumbar vertebrae

Answer 43

Lordosis

Question 44

A.k.a. “Swayback”

Answer 44

Lordosis

Question 45

* Slow and irreversible form of arthritis that is common in the elderly * Degenerative condition caused by “wear and tear” on all articular cartilage

Answer 45

Osteoid arthritis

Question 46

How bendable a joint is

Answer 46

Flexibility

Question 47

* Class of synovial joint in which flat bone surfaces glide against each other * E.g. vertebrae

Answer 47

Gliding joint

Question 48

* Class of synovial joint that can only move in one plane like a door hinge * E.g. toe knuckles or the knee

Answer 48

Hinge joint

Question 49

* Class of synovial joint in which a slightly convex (bulged out) part of one bone sits in a slight depression (concavity) on the next bone * E.g. metacarpal-to-phalanx

Answer 49

Condyloid joint

Question 50

* Class of synovial joint in which a rounded head fits into a cuplike socket * E.g. shoulder and hip

Answer 50

Ball and socket joint