Joints

Question 1

Classify the radiocarpal (wrist) joint

Answer 1

Synovial ellipsoid

Bi-axial - capable of 2 degrees of freedom

Question 2

State the proximal and distal components of the articular surfaces of radiocarpal joint

Answer 2

Prox- Inferior surface of distal radius, articular disc inferior to distal ulna.
Distal - proximal scaphoid, lunate and triquetral

Together, the articular surfaces of the carpals form an oval shape with a convex contour, which articulates with the corresponding concave surface of the radius and TFCC

Articular surfaces covered in hyaline cartilage

Question 3

Give attachments of radiocarpal joint capsule

Answer 3

Fibrous layer attaches:
proximally - to distal margins of radius & ulna anteriorly & posteriorly; radial & ulnar styloid processes medial & laterally

Distally - anterior & posterior margins of proximal row of carpal bones

Synovial membrane lines all non-articular surfaces - secreting synovial fluid which lubricates the joint

Question 4

Name ligaments supporting radiocarpal joint

Answer 4

• Dorsal/palmar radio-carpal

* Radial/ulnar collateral

Question 5

Give the attachments of the radial and ulna collateral ligaments

Answer 5

Radial - Radial styloid process to the scaphoid and trapezium
Ulna- Ulna styloid process to pisiform and triquetral

Question 6

Name the joints that produces wrist movement

Answer 6

Midcarpal joint

Radiocarpal joint

Question 7

Classify midcarpal joint

Answer 7

Synovial complex saddle joint

Question 8

Briefly describe articular surfaces of midcarpal joint

Answer 8

Between the proximal & distal rows of carpal bones

Laterally - scaphoid articulates with the trapezium and trapezoid

Centrally - scaphoid articulates with the trapezium and trapezoid

Medially - lunate and triquetrum articulates with hamate

Articular surfaces covered in hyaline cartilage

Question 9

State joint capsule attachments of midcarpal joint

Answer 9

Irregular bands of fibres (palmar/dorsal intercarpal ligts) between rows of carpal bones
Synovial membrane lines all non-articular surfaces

Question 10

Give ligaments supporting midcarpal joint

Answer 10

Intercarpal-palmar/dorsal

Radial/ulnar collateral
Radial collateral ligt - supports more as radius articulates directly with carpal bones

Question 11

Classify the 1st carpometacarpal joint

Answer 11

Synovial saddle (biaxial), cabals of 2 degrees of freedom

Question 12

State the articular surfaces of the 1st carpometacarpal joint

Answer 12

Articular surface of trapezium is concave in a sagittal plane and convex in a transverse plane

Base of the first metacarpal is reciprocally curved

Articular surfaces covered in hyaline cartilage

Question 13

Identify the Movements of the Thumb

Answer 13

Flexion /extension - frontal plane about Sagittal axis

Abduction/Adduction - Sagittal plane about frontal axis

(Combined)Opposition - multiplanar, multiaxial

Question 14

Classify carpometacarpal joints 2-5

Answer 14

synovial plane joints

Question 15

State articular surfaces of carpometacarpal joints 2-5

Answer 15

CMC joint 2: Distal surfaces of trapezium, trapezoid and capitate with base of metacarpal 2

CMC joint 3: Distal surface of capitate with base of metacarpal 3

CMC joint 4: Distal surfaces of capitate and hamate with base of metacarpal 4

CMC joint 5: Distal surface of hamate with base of metacarpal 5

Articular surfaces covered in hyaline cartilage

Question 16

Give attachments of common carpometacarpal joint capsule

Answer 16

Extends between distal carpal row bones and bases of 4 medial MCs
Distally joint space extends between MC bases
Synovial membrane lines all non-articular surfaces

Question 17

Give attachments of carpometacarpal joint 1 capsule

Answer 17

Enclosed by a loose fibrous capsule
Attaches to the margins of the articular surfaces
Thickened laterally by the radial carpometacarpal ligament and medially by anterior and posterior oblique ligaments

synovial membrane lines all non-articular surfaces

Question 18

State ligaments that support carpometacarpal joint 1

Answer 18

Radial carpometacarpal (CMC) ligament

Anterior and posterior oblique ligaments

Question 19

State attachments of radial CMC ligament

Answer 19

attaches between the lateral (radial) sides of the trapezium and the base of the first metacarpal bone.

Question 20

Give attachments and function of anterior & posterior oblique ligaments

Answer 20

Originate from the anterior and posterior surfaces of trapezium, respectively.

They both take an oblique medial course and attach to the medial side of the first metacarpal bone

Anterior - taut in extension
Posterior - taut in flexion

Question 21

Classify intercarpal joint

Answer 21

Synovial plane joints; biaxial - capable of 2o of freedom

Question 22

State articular surfaces of intercarpal joints

Answer 22

Between individual carpal bones

Question 23

State ligaments supporting intercarpal joints

Answer 23

Dorsal and palmar intercarpal - between 2 rows of carpal bones
bound within joint capsule
More palmar intercarpal ligts than dorsal intercarpal ligts

Interosseous intercarpal - between adjacent carpal bones
intracapsular

Question 24

Classify metacarpophalangeal joints

Answer 24

Synovial ellipsoid

Biaxial - capable of 2o of freedom

Question 25

State articular surfaces of metacarpophalangeal joints

Answer 25

Convex heads of the metacarpal bones which are received by the concave bases of the proximal phalanges of corresponding digits Covered in hyaline cartilage

Question 26

State attachments of metacarpophalangeal joint capsule

Answer 26

Enveloped by a loose fibrous capsule, attached close to the margins of articular facets Synovial membrane lines all non articular surfaces Strengthened: Medial and laterally by - collateral metacarpophalangeal ligaments Anteriorly capsule replaced by - palmar metacarpophalangeal ligament Posterior capsule by - Digits 2-5: extensor expansion (plus fibres from palmar aponeurosis) Thumb: expansion of extensor pollicus longus tendon

Question 27

State ligaments supporting metacarpophalangeal joints

Answer 27

Palmar ligaments Medial and lateral collateral ligaments Deep transverse metacarpal (digits 2-5) ligaments

Question 28

State attachments and function of MCP palmar ligaments

Answer 28

Palmar ligament - dense fibrocartilaginous thickening located on the palmar aspect of the MCP joint capsule loosely attached to the palmar aspect of the metacarpal neck, but firmly adhered to the palmar surface of the base of the adjacent proximal phalanx Sides of the palmar ligament blend with the collateral ligaments In pollux - palmar ligament contains two sesamoid bones, which articulate with palmar facets on the 1st MT head Prevents hyperextension of the MCP joint

Question 29

State attachments and function of medial and lateral metacarpophalangeal ligaments

Answer 29

consist of proper collateral and accessory collateral ligaments Proper collateral ligaments □ Expand from the posterior tubercles on the dorsolateral aspect of the metacarpal head to the palmar aspect of the adjacent proximal phalanx, just distal to the base □ Limit flexion of MCP joints Accessory collateral ligaments □ Attach more proximal to the metacarpal head and run distally to attach onto the distal third of the palmar ligament □ Taut in extension - limits extension of MCP joints

Question 30

State attachments and function of deep transverse metacarpal ligaments

Answer 30

Series of short ligaments continuous with the Palmar interosseous Fascia and fibrous flexor tendons connecting the palmar ligaments of the MCP joints of the fingers to each other Passing anteriorly are tendons of lumbricals and posteriorly tendons of dorsal and palmar interossei Restrict the movement of metacarpals and proximal phalanges relative to each other; help form a unified skeletal framework for the palm of the hand

Question 31

Classify interphalangeal joints

Answer 31

Synovial hinge joints | Uniaxial - capable of 1o of freedom

Question 32

State articular surfaces of interphalangeal joints

Answer 32

IP joint of pollux - head of the proximal phalanx with the base of the distal phalanx PIP joint (digits 2-5) - head of the proximal phalanx with the base of the middle phalanx DIP joint (digits 2-5) - head of the middle phalanx with the base of the distal phalanx

Question 33

State attachments of interphalangeal joint capsule

Answer 33

Fibrous joint capsule, the inner lining of which is comprised of a synovial membrane Synovial membrane lines all non articular surfaces Strengthened by: Medial and laterally - collateral ligaments anteriorly replaced by - Palmar ligaments Posteriorly - broadening of the extensor tendons (extensor expansion)

Question 34

State attachments and function of medial and lateral collateral interphalangeal ligaments

Answer 34

Medial and lateral collateral ligaments - course on either side of each IP joint Arising from the head of the more proximal phalanx and extending to the palmar (volar) aspect of its distal counterpart Accessory ligaments - Arises from each collateral ligament, extends anteriorly to attach to the fibres of the palmar ligament Prevent excessive ADD/ABD movements of the IP joints

Question 35

State attachments and function of palmar ligament of interphalangeal joints

Answer 35

thick plate of fibrocartilage located on the palmar surface of each IP joint Proximally - loosely attached to the neck of the more proximal phalanx Distally - firmly adhered to anterior margin of the base of the more distal phalanx, blends with collateral ligaments Prevent excessive hyperextension of IP joints