joints (ch 8)

Question 1

what is a joint

Answer 1

where bone meets bone

Question 2

functional classifications of joints

Answer 2

synarthrosis
amphiarthrosis
diarthrosis

Question 3

synarthrosis

Answer 3

“together joints”
immovable

Question 4

amphiarthrosis

Answer 4

“both/partial joints”
semi-movable

Question 5

diarthrosis

Answer 5

“two/separated joint”
freely movable

Question 6

structural classifications of joints

Answer 6

fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial

Question 7

fibrous joints are…

Answer 7

collagen connecting between bones

Question 8

example of suture

Answer 8

skull suture

Question 9

example of syndesmosis

Answer 9

ligaments like those in the tibia and fibula

Question 10

example of gomphosis

Answer 10

tooth

Question 11

cartilaginous joints are…

Answer 11

cartilage connecting the bones

Question 12

synchodrosis

Answer 12

connection via hyaline cartilage

Question 13

synchondrosis

Answer 13

connection via hyaline cartilage

Question 14

example of synchondrosis

Answer 14

joints of ribs and sternum

Question 15

symphysis

Answer 15

connection via fibrocartilage

Question 16

example of symphysis

Answer 16

pubic symphysis

Question 17

synovial joints are…

Answer 17

egg-like fluid between bones

Question 18

fibrous capsules are…

Answer 18

collagen arranged in a dense manner

Question 19

synovial membranes are…

Answer 19

simple squamous epithelium with connective tissue

Question 20

function of synovial membranes

Answer 20

to filter/exchange synovial fluid with blood

Question 21

articular cartilage is…

Answer 21

hyaline cartilage left over from endochondral ossification

Question 22

function of synovial fluid

Answer 22

lubricate and nourish hyaline cartilage

Question 23

ligaments connect…

Answer 23

bone to bone

Question 24

ligaments are made of…

Answer 24

dense regular CT

Question 25

tendons connect...

Answer 25

bone to muscle across a joint

Question 26

tendons are made of...

Answer 26

dense regular CT

Question 27

bursa means...

Answer 27

purse

Question 28

bursas are...

Answer 28

flat sacs that contain synovial fluid

Question 29

function of a bursa

Answer 29

to decrease friction around joints

Question 30

a tendon sheath is...

Answer 30

a bursal sac that wraps a tendon

Question 31

bursitis

Answer 31

damage/inflammation of a bursa

Question 32

types of synovial joints

Answer 32

plane, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, ball and socket

Question 33

example of plane joint

Answer 33

wrist bones

Question 34

example of hinge joint

Answer 34

elbow, knee

Question 35

example of pivot joint

Answer 35

proximal radio-ulnar joint

Question 36

example of condyloid joint

Answer 36

round surfaces such as the jaw

Question 37

example of saddle joint

Answer 37

base of thumb

Question 38

example of ball and socket joint

Answer 38

hip, shoulder

Question 39

flexion vs extension

Answer 39

movement in the sagittal plane

Question 40

flexion

Answer 40

"to bend" decreasing joint angle

Question 41

extension

Answer 41

"to straighten out" increasing joint angle

Question 42

description of anatomical position

Answer 42

extension and supination

Question 43

hyperextension

Answer 43

beyond anatomical position

Question 44

abduction vs adduction

Answer 44

movement in the coronal/frontal plane

Question 45

abduction

Answer 45

away from midline

Question 46

adduction

Answer 46

towards midline

Question 47

rotation is oriented from...

Answer 47

the anterior portion

Question 48

right vs left

Answer 48

used for the center of the body (head, torso)

Question 49

medial vs lateral

Answer 49

used for extremities

Question 50

pronation vs supination

Answer 50

movement in the forearm (radius, ulna)

Question 51

pronation

Answer 51

when the radius and ulna cross

Question 52

supination

Answer 52

when the radius and ulna are parallel

Question 53

plantarflexion vs dorsiflexion

Answer 53

movement in foot at the ankle

Question 54

plantarflexion

Answer 54

tip-toe (foot on gas)

Question 55

dorsiflexion

Answer 55

heel walk (foot off gas)

Question 56

inversion vs eversion

Answer 56

movement in foot at the ankle

Question 57

inversion

Answer 57

sole moves medially

Question 58

eversion

Answer 58

sole moves laterally

Question 59

protraction vs retraction

Answer 59

movement of mandible, shoulder, head

Question 60

protraction

Answer 60

moving anterior/ventral

Question 61

retraction

Answer 61

moving posterior/dorsal

Question 62

elevation vs depression

Answer 62

movement of mandible, shoulder

Question 63

elevation

Answer 63

moving superiorly

Question 64

depression

Answer 64

moving inferiorly

Question 65

opposition

Answer 65

used to describe the thumb (distal phalynx of thumb against the other fingers)

Question 66

range of motion factors

Answer 66

muscles (and their tendons) around the joint limit range of motion fit of bones joint capsule/ligaments

Question 67

what two characteristics of joints counterbalance each other

Answer 67

range of motion and joint stability

Question 68

shoulder joint name

Answer 68

gleno-humeral joint

Question 69

form of shoulder joint

Answer 69

shallow ball and socket joint

Question 70

stability of the shoulder joint comes from...

Answer 70

muscles (mostly)

Question 71

what do the rotator cuff muscles do

Answer 71

hold the humeral head into the glenoid

Question 72

a labrum is...

Answer 72

a lip of fibrocartilage

Question 73

the tendon of the biceps long head rests...

Answer 73

in the intertubercular sulcus/groove

Question 74

hip joint name

Answer 74

acetabulo-femoral joint

Question 75

form of hip joint

Answer 75

deep ball and socket joint

Question 76

stability of the hip joint comes from...

Answer 76

the fit and ligaments

Question 77

fit of the hip joint

Answer 77

deep socket with a large acetabular labrum

Question 78

extending the hip causes...

Answer 78

tightening of ligaments

Question 79

ligaments in the hip joint

Answer 79

ligamentum teres ileofemoral ischiofemoral pubofemoral

Question 80

the knee is the ____ and ____ joint

Answer 80

largest, most complex

Question 81

form of knee joint

Answer 81

flat condyles, hinge

Question 82

stability of knee joint comes from...

Answer 82

muscles, tendons, ligaments

Question 83

ligaments of the knee joint

Answer 83

collateral cruciate patellar

Question 84

collateral ligaments

Answer 84

"both sides"

Question 85

cruciate ligaments

Answer 85

"crossing"

Question 86

menisci

Answer 86

pads of fibrocartilage

Question 87

what is arthritis

Answer 87

joint inflammation

Question 88

causes of arthritis

Answer 88

osteo-arthritis rheumatoid infection gout

Question 89

osteoarthritis comes from...

Answer 89

wear and tear that leads to a loss of articular cartilage

Question 90

rheumatoid arthritis is...

Answer 90

an auto-immune disease in which the immune system attacks a joint

Question 91

gout comes from...

Answer 91

deposits of uric acid

Question 92

sprain vs strain

Answer 92

stretched or torn ligament vs muscle