Joints of the Shoulder

Question 1

T/F - The scapulothoracic joint is considered a true anatomical joint.

Answer 1

False - The scapulothoracic joint is considered a FUNCTIONAL joint.

Question 2

What are the 6 scapulothoracic movements?

Answer 2

1) Elevation
2) Depression
3) Retraction
4) Protraction
5) Upward/Lateral Rotation
6) Downward/Medial Rotation

Question 3

A gliding motion with the scapula moving superiorly.

Answer 3

Elevation

Question 4

A gliding motion with the scapula moving inferiorly.

Answer 4

Depression

Question 5

A gliding motion with the scapula moving towards the spine.

Answer 5

Retraction

Question 6

A gliding motion with the scapula moving away from the spine.

Answer 6

Protraction

Question 7

The glenoid fossa moves superiorly and the inferior angle moves laterally during abduction of the arm.

Answer 7

Upward/Lateral Rotation

Question 8

The glenoid fossa moves inferiorly and the inferior angle moves medially during adduction of the arm.

Answer 8

Downward/Medial Rotation

Question 9

A joint where the sternal end of the clavicle articulates with the manubrium. It has an articular disc that prevents medial displacement of the clavicle and helps dissipate forces.

Answer 9

Sternoclavicular (S-C) Joint

Question 10

What type of joint is the S-C joint?

Answer 10

Synovial Saddle Joint

Question 11

What movements occur at the S-C joint?

Answer 11

1) Superior/Inferior Glide
2) Anterior/Posterior Glide
3) Rotation

Question 12

The sternal end of the clavicle moves __________ during scapular depression and __________ during scapular elevation.

Answer 12

Superiorly
Inferiorly

Question 13

The S-C joint has an articular _____ that prevents ______ displacement of the clavicle and helps dissipate forces.

Answer 13

Disc
Medial

Question 14

Which joint is the only true articulation between the upper limb and axial skeleton?

Answer 14

Sternoclavicular (S-C) Joint

Question 15

What are the 4 ligaments of the S-C joint?

Answer 15

1) Anterior Sternoclavicular Ligament
2) Posterior Sternoclavicular Ligament
3) Interclavicular Ligament
4) Costoclavicular Ligament

Question 16

These ligaments help prevent medial displacement of the sternal end of the clavicle and excessive movement at the S-C joint.

Answer 16

Anterior/Posterior Sternoclavicular Ligaments

Question 17

This ligament is located between the 2 sternal ends of the clavicle and prevents them from being pulled away from each other.

Answer 17

Interclavicular Ligament

Question 18

A ligament located between the inferior clavicle and costal cartilage of the first rib. It restricts all movements at the S-C joint except for ________ glide.

Answer 18

Costoclavicular Ligament
Inferior

Question 19

Which 3 ligaments reinforce the S-C joint capsule?

Answer 19

1) Anterior Sternoclavicular Ligament
2) Posterior Sternoclavicular Ligament
3) Interclavicular Ligament

Question 20

A joint where the acromial end of the clavicle articulates with the acromion of the scapula. Shoulder ___________ often occur at this joint caused by direct pressure to the outside of the shoulder.

Answer 20

Acromioclavicular (A-C) Joint
Separations

Question 21

What type of joint is the A-C joint?

Answer 21

Synovial Plane Joint

Question 22

What movements occur at the A-C joint?

Answer 22

1) Anterior/Posterior Glide
2) Mild Rotation

Question 23

What are the 3 ligaments of the A-C joint?

Answer 23

1) Acromioclavicular Ligament
2) Coracoacromial Ligament
3) Coracoclavicular Ligament

Question 24

A ligament that runs from the lateral end of the clavicle to the acromion and is an extension/thickening of the A-C joint capsule.

Answer 24

Acromioclavicular Ligament

Question 25

A ligament that runs from the coracoid process to the acromion and forms the ______________ arch, which is clinically relevant.

Answer 25

Coracoacromial Ligament Coracoacromial

Question 26

A ligament that is made up of the trapezoid and conoid ligaments and runs from the coracoid process to the clavicle.

Answer 26

Coracoclavicular Ligament

Question 27

The glenoid fossa of the scapula articulates with the head of the humerus.

Answer 27

Glenohumeral (G-H) Joint

Question 28

What type of joint is the G-H joint?

Answer 28

Synovial Ball & Socket Joint

Question 29

What movements occur at the G-H joint?

Answer 29

1) Flexion/Extension 2) Abduction/Adduction 3) Horizontal Abduction/Horizontal Adduction 4) Internal Rotation/External Rotation 5) Circumduction 6) Scaption

Question 30

A fibrocartilagenous ring that attaches to the glenoid fossa and serves to deepen the joint in order to create a more stable articulation.

Answer 30

Glenoid Labrum

Question 31

A thin and loose structure surrounding the G-H joint.

Answer 31

Joint Capsule

Question 32

What are the 2 weak points of the G-H joint capsule?

Answer 32

1) Axillary Recess 2) Foramen of Weitbrecht

Question 33

The axillary recess is the weakest ________ point of the G-H joint capsule. The foramen of Weitbrecht is the weakest ________ point of the G-H joint capsule.

Answer 33

Inferior Anterior

Question 34

What are the 2 ligaments of the G-H joint?

Answer 34

1) Coracohumeral Ligament 2) Glenohumeral (Capsular) Ligaments

Question 35

A ligament that runs from the coracoid process to the greater tubercle of the humerus.

Answer 35

Coracohumeral Ligament

Question 36

Extensions of the G-H joint capsule that attempt to stabilize it.

Answer 36

Glenohumeral (Capsular) Ligaments

Question 37

What are the 2 bursa associated with the G-H joint?

Answer 37

1) Subacromial Bursa 2) Subdeltoid Bursa

Question 38

A bursa located between the acromion and the G-H joint capsule.

Answer 38

Subacromial Bursa

Question 39

A bursa located between the deltoid muscle and the G-H joint capsule.

Answer 39

Subdeltoid Bursa

Question 40

A movement that occurs halfway between flexion and abduction, or between the sagittal and frontal planes. The scapula sits at an angle of approximately ___ degrees.

Answer 40

Scaption 45 degrees

Question 41

In scaption, there is less _______ on the capsule and greater _________ is possible than with pure frontal or sagittal plane.

Answer 41

Tension Elevation

Question 42

T/F - You still need internal and external rotation of the humerus to prevent impingement with scaption.

Answer 42

False - NEITHER internal NOR external rotation of the humerus IS NEEDED to prevent impingement with scaption.

Question 43

Abduction of the arm involves movement at which 4 joints?

Answer 43

1) Scapulothoracic (S-T) Joint 2) Sternoclavicular (S-C) Joint 3) Acromioclavicular (A-C) Joint 4) Glenohumeral (G-H) Joint

Question 44

During normal abduction range, there is a specific relationship in the amount of movement at the G-H joint compared to the S-T articulation.

Answer 44

Scapulohumeral Rhythm

Question 45

There is no movement of the scapula from __ to ___ degrees of normal abduction.

Answer 45

0-15 degrees

Question 46

From 15-120 degrees of abduction, there is a __:__ ratio, favouring the G-H joint over the S-T joint.

Answer 46

2:1

Question 47

From 120-180 degrees of abduction, there is a __:__ ratio between movement of the G-H joint and S-T joint.

Answer 47

1:1

Question 48

During abduction of the humerus, the humerus must undergo ________ rotation, which usually happens around ___ degrees. This helps the greater tubercle clear the ______________ arch.

Answer 48

External 90 degrees Coracoacromial