Muscles of the Hip & Bursa of the Knee

Question 1

Connective tissue that runs throughout the body to provide structure and support.

Answer 1

Fascia

Question 2

Connective tissue that invests throughout the thigh and surrounds the thigh muscles in a dense tubular sheath.

Answer 2

Fascia Lata

Question 3

A very strong part of the fascia lata that thickens laterally. It attaches superiorly to the tubercle of the iliac crest and inferiorly to Gerdy’s tubercle and the patella.

Answer 3

Iliotibial Band

Question 4

The IT band moves in front of the lateral epicondyle of the femur during knee _________, and moves behind it during knee _______.

Answer 4

Extension
Flexion

Question 5

Proximal Attachment: sides of T12-L4 vertebrae and associated intervertebral discs
Distal Attachment: lesser trochanter of femur

Answer 5

Psoas Major

Question 6

What are the 2 actions of psoas major?

Answer 6

1) Hip Flexion (Low Back is Fixed)
2) Lumbar Spine Flexion (Femur is Fixed)

Question 7

Proximal Attachment: iliac fossa
Distal Attachment: lesser trochanter of femur

Answer 7

Iliacus

Question 8

What are the 2 actions of iliacus?

Answer 8

1) Hip Flexion (Pelvis is Fixed)
2) Anterior Pelvic Tilt (Femur is Fixed)

Question 9

Proximal Attachment: external and posterior surface of ilium, posterior surface of sacrum/coccyx & sacrotuberous ligament
Distal Attachment: iliotibial band (3/4 of fibres) and gluteal tuberosity (1/4 of fibres)

Answer 9

Gluteus Maximus

Question 10

What are the 3 actions of gluteus maximus?

Answer 10

1) Hip Extension
2) Hip Lateral Rotation
3) Hip Abduction

Question 11

Proximal Attachment: external ilium (anterior 2/3)
Distal Attachment: lateral surface of greater trochanter

Answer 11

Gluteus Medius

Question 12

What are the 3 actions of gluteus medius?

Answer 12

1) Hip Abduction
2) Hip Flexion/Medial Rotation (Anterior Fibres)
3) Hip Extension/Lateral Rotation (Posterior Fibres)

Question 13

Which muscle is responsible for pelvic support during weight bearing and is often referred to as the pelvic deltoid?

Answer 13

Gluteus Medius

Question 14

A walking style due to weakness in gluteus medius, where the muscle lengthens and there is an opposite pelvic drop, especially when standing on one leg.

Answer 14

Trendelenburg Gait

Question 15

Proximal Attachment: external ilium (deep to gluteus medius)
Distal Attachment: anterior surface of greater trochanter

Answer 15

Gluteus Minimus

Question 16

What are the 3 actions of gluteus minimus?

Answer 16

1) Hip Flexion
2) Hip Abduction
3) Hip Medial Rotation

Question 17

Proximal Attachment: outer ASIS
Distal Attachment: iliotibial band (approximately 1/3 down thigh)

Answer 17

Tensor Fascia Latae (TFL)

Question 18

What are the 3 actions of TFL?

Answer 18

1) Hip Flexion
2) Hip Internal Rotation
3) Hip Abduction

Question 19

Proximal Attachment: anterior sacrum travelling through greater sciatic notch
Distal Attachment: posteromedial aspect of greater trochanter

Answer 19

Piriformis

Question 20

What are the 3 actions of piriformis?

Answer 20

1) Hip Lateral Rotation (Anatomical Position)
2) Hip Abduction (Hip Flexed up to 60 degrees)
3) Hip Medial Rotation (Hip Flexed Greater than 60 degrees)

Question 21

What is the common action of gemellus superior/inferior and obturator internus/externus?

Answer 21

Hip Lateral Rotation

Question 22

Proximal Attachment: lateral ischial tuberosity
Distal Attachment: intertrochanteric crest of femur

Answer 22

Quadratus Femoris

Question 23

What is the action of quadratus femoris?

Answer 23

Hip Lateral Rotation

Question 24

A bursa located between the tendon of the quadriceps muscle and the femur. It is connected to the joint capsule of the knee.

Answer 24

Suprapatellar Bursa

Question 25

Which muscle holds the suprapatellar bursa in place and retracts it during knee extension?

Answer 25

Articularis Genu

Question 26

A bursa located between the skin and the anterior part of the patella.

Answer 26

Subcutaneous Prepatellar Bursa

Question 27

What is the layman's term for subcutaneous prepatellar bursitis?

Answer 27

Housemaid's Knee

Question 28

A bursa located between the skin and the proximal tibia in the area of the tibial tuberosity.

Answer 28

Subcutaneous Infrapatellar Bursa

Question 29

What is the layman's term for subcutaneous infrapatellar bursitis?

Answer 29

Clergyman's Knee (aka. Carpetlayer's Knee)

Question 30

A bursa located between the patellar ligament and the anterior tibia, just superior to the tibial tuberosity.

Answer 30

Deep Infrapatellar Bursa

Question 31

A bursa located between the tendons of the pes anserinus muscles and the medial tibia.

Answer 31

Pes Anserine Bursa

Question 32

What are the 3 pes anserinus muscles?

Answer 32

1) Sartorius 2) Gracilis 3) Semitendinosus

Question 33

A bursa located between the tendons of the medial semimembranosus muscle and the medial gastrocnemius.

Answer 33

Medial Semimembranosus Bursa

Question 34

What is the layman's term for medial semimembranosus bursitis?

Answer 34

Baker's Cyst

Question 35

A bursa located between the iliotibial band and the lateral femoral epicondyle.

Answer 35

Bursa Deep to the Iliotibial Band

Question 36

What is the layman's term for IT band friction syndrome?

Answer 36

Runner's Knee