Joints, Tendons, Ligaments

Question 1

What is a joint

Answer 1

Where two or more bones or other skeletal components are joined together

Question 2

What is a tendon

Answer 2

A fibrous band of connective tissue that is bonded to bone and connects muscle to bone

Question 3

What is a ligament

Answer 3

A fibrous band of connective tissue that connects bones and other connective tissues together at joints

Question 4

What is cartilage

Answer 4

Fibrous and viscoelastic connective tissue composed of closely packed collagenous fibres in a proteoglycan rich ECM

Question 5

What is synarthroses

Answer 5

Immovable joints

Question 6

What is amphiarthroses

Answer 6

Slightly movable joints

Question 7

What is diarthroses

Answer 7

Freely movable joints

Question 8

What are 4 types of structural classifications

Answer 8

Bony fusion
Fibrous
Cartilagenous
Synovial

Question 9

What are fibrous joints

Answer 9

Cones connected by dense regular connective tissue
No joint cavity
Slightly immovable or not at all

Question 10

What are 3 types of fibrous joints

Answer 10

Sutures
Syndesmoses
Gomphoses

Question 11

What is syndesmoses

Answer 11

Bones connected by ligaments only
Amount of movement depends on length of the fibres
Means ‘with band’

Question 12

What is gomphoses

Answer 12

Ligament is a short periodontal ligament
Almost a peg in a socket

Question 13

What are 2 types of cartilagenous joints

Answer 13

Synchondroses
Sympheses

Question 14

What are cartilagenous joints

Answer 14

Articulating bones united by cartilage
No joint cavity
Slightly movable

Question 15

What is synchondroses

Answer 15

Hyaline cartilage unites the bones
Immovable
‘Junction of cartilage’

Question 16

What are 2 examples of synchondroses

Answer 16

Epiphyseal plates
Joint between first ribs costal cartilage and manubrium of the sternum

Question 17

What are 2 examples of sympheses

Answer 17

Intervertebral discs
Pubic symphysis of the pelvis

Question 18

What is sympheses

Answer 18

‘Growing together’
Fibrocartilage unites the bones
Hyaline cartilage on articular surfaces of bones to reduce friction
Slightly movable
Shock absorber
Strength and flexibility

Question 19

What is a synovial joint

Answer 19

Are all diarthroses - freely movable
All contain fluid filled joint cavity
Most body’s joints

Question 20

What is articular cartilage

Answer 20

Hyaline
Spongy cushions absorb compression
Protects ends of bones from being crushed

Question 21

What is the outer articular capsule

Answer 21

Fibrous capsule of dense irregular connective tissue continuous with periosteum

Question 22

What is the inner articular capsule

Answer 22

Synovial membrane of loose connective tissue - makes synovial fluid

Question 23

What does synovial fluid contain

Answer 23

Special glycoproteins

Question 24

What is the function of synovial fluid

Answer 24

Filtrate of blood
Nourishes cartilage and slippery lubricant

Question 25

What are 3 reinforcing ligament of synovial joints

Answer 25

Capsular - thickened part of capsule Extra capsular Intra capsular

Question 26

Where is the extensive capillary blood vessels in synovial joints

Answer 26

Capillary beds in synovial membrane - produce the blood filtrate

Question 27

Where are 3 places you would find elastic cartilage

Answer 27

Epiglottis Larynx Pinna

Question 28

Where are 2 places you would find fibrous cartilage

Answer 28

Pubic symphesis Intervertebral discs

Question 29

What cell types do cartilage contain

Answer 29

Very hydrated ECM containing chondrocytes and unique organic matrix of proteoglycan and collagen fibres Avascular and not innervated

Question 30

What does the superior border of the TMJ capsule wrap around

Answer 30

The articular eminence and fossa

Question 31

What does the inferior border of the TMJ capsule wrap around

Answer 31

The condyle - neck

Question 32

What are the 3 places where the TMJ disc attaches to

Answer 32

Mandibular condyle Temporal bone - anterior not direct attachment Temporal bone - posterior divides into 2

Question 33

Posteriorly of the TMJ disc what does the upper division attach to

Answer 33

Post glenoid process

Question 34

Posteriorly of the TMJ disc what does the lower division attach to

Answer 34

Condylar neck

Question 35

What are the 3 major ligament of the TMJ

Answer 35

Stylomandibular ligament Sphenomandibular ligament TMJ ligament - lateral ligament

Question 36

What is the stylomandibular ligament

Answer 36

Styloid process to the angle of the mandible Tightens with protrusion

Question 37

What is the TMJ ligament - lateral ligament

Answer 37

Reinforces the inferior portion of the capsule Prevents excessive retraction of mandible Runs from tubercle of the zygomatic process to neck of mandible

Question 38

What is the sphenomandibular ligament

Answer 38

Not part of TMJ Runs from spine of sphenoid to ramus of mandible - lingula of mandibular foramen Tightens with protraction of mandible Landmark for local anesthesia

Question 39

Does cartilage have a nerve supply

Answer 39

No

Question 40

If there was no synovial fluid what would wear away first

Answer 40

Cartilage then bone on bone and you wont feel the cartilage wearing away because they do not have a nerve supply