Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MCQ 1.3 > Renal Structure And Function > Flashcards

Renal Structure And Function Flashcards

1
Q

How much urine does a human produce in 24 hours

A

1..5 litres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What 2 factors may decrease renal excretion of fluid

A

Increased sweating
Respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the approximate weight of the kidney

A

130-150g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the kidney surrounded by

A

Protective tissue capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where is blood filtered

A

In the cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the medulla contain

A

Nephrons and where urine is produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 3 supportive tissue layers surrounding the kidney

A

Renal capsule - deep
Adipose tissue - middle
Renal fascia - superficial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is the hilum area in the kidney

A

On the concave surface shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens at the hilum in the kidney

A

Renal artery, renal vein nerve and ureter enter/leave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 3 internal regions of the kidney

A

Cortex
Medulla
Pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 4 structures internally of the kidney

A

Renal column
Renal pyramid
Papilla
Minor/major calyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the blood supply to the kidney

A

Renal artery
Renal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are 5 excretion products from the kidneys

A

Urea
Uric acid
Creatinine
End products of haemoglobin breakdown
Drugs and food additives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 3 main processes which enable the kidney to filter blood

A

Glomerular filtration
Tubular reabsorption
Tubular secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What vessel brings blood into the glomerulus

A

The afferent arteriole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What vessel carries the rest of the blood out that hasn’t been filtered by the glomerulus

A

The efferent arteriole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the glomerulus composed of

A

A web of arterioles and capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the 4 main functions of the kidney

A

Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion
Excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 3 major layers within the capillary

A

Endothelium
Basement membrane
Podocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What 3 aspects does the bowman’s capsule contain

A

An innermost fenestrated vascular endothelium
The glomerular basement membrane
Podocyte cells layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the 4 main components of the glomerular basement membrane

A

Type IV collagen
Laminin
Nidogen
Proteoglycans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where are podocytes found

A

Wrapped around the capillaries of the glomerulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What do podocytes do

A

Assist the glomerulus to act as a sieve facilitating the formation of an ultrafiltrate
- small molecules into nephron
- larger molecules retained in blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What type of epithelium are podocytes

A

Visceral epithelial cells (specialised epithelial cells)

25
Q

What is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

A

Describes the flow rate of filtered fluid through the kidney

26
Q

What is the GFR equation

A

The glomerular permeability x net filtration pressure

27
Q

What is the equation to find out the permeability of the capillary

A

GFR/net filtration pressure

28
Q

What is the cause of afferent arteriolar constriction

A

Low GFR
Low RBF
low Pgc

29
Q

What is afferent arteriolar constriction due to

A

Renin/adenosine

30
Q

What is the cause of efferent arteriolar constriction

A

Increased GFR and Pgc and decreased renal blood flow

31
Q

What is the efferent arteriolar constriction due to

A

ANG II

32
Q

What is the cause of efferent arteriolar dilation

A

Decreased GFR and Pgc and increased RBF

33
Q

What is efferent arteriolar dilation due to

A

Parasympathetic activation

34
Q

How does low GFRs impact the body

A

The ability to excrete drugs

35
Q

What are tubules in the kidney lined by

A

Columnar epithelial cells with micro villi

36
Q

What does the proximal convoluted tubule do

A

Reabsorbs molecules filtered in the glomeruli allows the conservation of protein and vital molecules

37
Q

What percentage of molecules does the PCT reabsorb

A

70-80%

38
Q

What is the descending limb loop of henle permeable to

A

Water
Mostly thinner

39
Q

What is the ascending limb loop of henle permeable to

A

Ions
Mostly thicker

40
Q

After the loop of henle what solution does it leave behind

A

A dilute, hypotonic urine but hypertonic interstitial fluid

41
Q

What is the juxta-glomerular apparatus

A

A region where the distal convoluted tubule lies against the afferent arteriole feeding the glomerulus

42
Q

What do juxtaglomerular cells do

A

Produce renin and act as mechanoreceptors - sense arteriolar blood pressure

43
Q

What is macula densa

A

Distal tubule cells which act as chemoreceptors/osmoreceptors respond to change in sodium concentration stimulates JG cells to release renin when they detect a drop in chloride concentration

44
Q

What happens at the distal convoluted tubule

A

Fine tuning of tubular resorption
Important role in acid base balance

45
Q

What is the collecting duct impermeable to

A

Water but becomes permeable in response to ADH

46
Q

What is the lower region of the collecting duct permeable to

A

Urea allowing some reabsorption maintaining high ion concentration

47
Q

What type of of urine passes on to the bladder

A

Hypertonic

48
Q

What affect does aldosterone have on the kidney

A

Cells of the cortical collecting tubules
Stimulated Na/K - ATPase and increase NA reabsorption and K secretion

49
Q

What affect does angiotensin II have on the kidney

A

Promotes NA rention
Stimulates aldosterone
Constricts efferent arterioles
Reduces peritubular capillary hydrostatic pressure
Stimulates NA/K-ATPase in the PCT, loop of henle, DCT and collecting tubes

50
Q

What affect does antidiuretic hormone have on the kidney

A

Controls water reabsorption/excretion
Increases water permeability of DCT and collecting tubules
Increases permeability to urea in the medullary collecting tubule
Helps conserve water during dehydration

51
Q

What 3 hormones control of Ca2+ metabolism on the kidney

A

PTH
1.25 dihydroxycholecalciferol
Calcitonin

52
Q

What affect does natriuretic peptides have on the kidney

A

Produced by cardiac cells
Promote Na secretion in the collecting duct

53
Q

What are the 3 composed layers of the ureter

A

Inner mucosa
Muscular layer
Adventitia

54
Q

What forces urine to travel through the renal pelvis

A

Perisaltic waves force urine to the ureters
Distension of the ureters stimulate their contraction propelling urine to the bladder

55
Q

What are the 3 consisting in the bladder

A

Mucosa
Muscular layer
Fibrous adventitia

56
Q

How much urine can the bladder hold

A

500-600 ml

57
Q

What epithelium is the urethra

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

58
Q

What is the internal urethral sphincter composed of

A

Smooth muscle

59
Q

What is the external urethral sphincter composed of

A

Skeletal muscle

MCQ 1.3 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions