Jonathan and Spencer's Topography - Sheet1 Flashcards
(81 cards)
structure
anatomy/function
dorsolateral/ventrolateral sulci
point of entry of dorsal roots; exit of ventral roots
anterior median sulcus
anterior spinal artery is found here; contains a double fold of pia mater, and its floor is formed by a transverse band of white substance, the anterior white commissure, which is perforated by blood vessels on their way to or from the central part of the medulla spinalis.
dorsal median sulcus
is a narrow groove; and exists only in the closed part of the medulla oblongata; it becomes gradually shallower from below upward, and ends about the middle of the medulla oblongata, where the central canal expands into the cavity of the fourth ventricle.
dorsal intermediate sulcus
cervical region; groove in middle of dorsal columns
3 regions of spinal cord
dorsal, lateral, anterior funiculi
dorsal columns
ascending track; the area of white matter in the dorsomedial side of the spinal cord. It is made up of the fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus and itself is part of the dorsal funiculus. It is part of an ascending pathway that is important for well-localized fine touch and conscious proprioception called the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway.
posterior intermediate sulcus
divides legs and arms track in dorsal columns
folia
small folds in cerebellum
primary fissure
separates folia of anterior lobe from posterior lobe of cerebellum
vermis
medial part of cerebellum
hemispheres of cerebellum
lateral part of cerebellum
flocculus
antero-inferior lobes of cerebellum; a small lobe of the cerebellum at the posterior border of the middle cerebellar peduncle; It is associated with the nodulus of the vermis; together, these two structures compose the vestibular part of the cerebellum.
inferior cerebellar peduncle
provide input/output from cerebellum; connects cerebellum to dorsolateral side of medulla; appears as upward continuation from the spinal cord; Important fibers running through the inferior cerebellar peduncle include the spinocerebellar tract and axons from the inferior olivary nucleus, among others.
middle cerebellar peduncle
connects pons to cerebellum; large bulge in lateral side of brainstem
superior cerebellar peduncles
conenct cerebellum to midbrain
basal pons
divides medulla and midbrain: Infarction in this region can impair motor functioning.
The basis pontis undergoes demyelination in the condition known as central pontine myelinolysis. This condition is due to the rapid intravenous correction of hyponatremia.
gracile tubercle
superior ends of dorsal columns, A visible bump covering the gracile nucleus, which participate in the sensation of fine touch and proprioception of the lower body (legs and trunk). It contains second-order neurons, which receive inputs from sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia and send axons that synapse in the thalamus.
tuber cinerium
small prominence on sides of medulla; marks trigeminal nerve fibers descending lateral brainstem (note: wiki has this as something totally different: hollow eminence between the mamillary bodies and the optic chiasm)
inferior olivary nucleus
large prominence on ventral-lateral part of medulla; The inferior olivary nucleus is the largest nucleus situated in the olivary body, part of the medulla oblongata. involved in control and coordination of movements,[1] sensory processing and cognitive tasks likely by encoding the timing of sensory input independently of attention or awareness .[2][3] [4] Lesions to the inferior olive have been associated with a decreased ability to perfect highly specialized motor tasks, such as improving one’s accuracy in hitting a target with a ball.[5] There is some evidence that it is stimulated by ghrelin.[6]
post/preolivary sulcus
grooves on dorsal/ventral side of inferior olive
hypoglossal nerve leaves brain from where?
leaves brain from preolivary sulcus
glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves leaves brain from where?
leave brain from postolivary sulcus
medullary pyramid
two long cords running on ventral side of brainstem; cerebral cortex nerve fibers used for fine/skilled motor movements
