Journals Flashcards
(316 cards)
1
Q
A
2
Q
What’s the complication rate of nephrectomy in dogs with renal tumours?
A
- complications occurred in 44.9% during the intraoperative period and 42.6% postoperatively.
- 12 dogs were diagnosed with acute kidney injury postoperatively, and 24 (45.3%) of the dogs with long-term follow-up developed chronic kidney disease.
Unilateral nephrectomy in dogs is associated with a high rate of intraoperative and postoperative complications. Johnson et al 2024.
3
Q
What’s the outcome of Sx + Palladia for canine renal carcinoma?
A
- median time to progression (TTP) for dogs treated with surgery and TOC was 360 days, compared to 298 days for those treated with surgery alone.
Assessment of postoperative adjuvant treatment using toceranib phosphate against adenocarcinoma in dogs. Yamazaki et al 2020.
4
Q
What’s the metastatic rate at diagnosis for cats with renal tumours?
A
Frequent (Henry et al 1999 = 64%; Kenney et al 2023 = 22% [8/36]) – may be due to selection bias
5
Q
What’s the peri-op mortality rate for feline renal tumours?
A
22% (Kenney et al 2023: 3 died intra-op, 5 prior to discharge)
6
Q
What’s the MST for cats that survived to discharge with renal tumours after nephrectomy?
A
1217 days (3y)
(all cause MST = 203 days)
7
Q
What’s the MST for cats that survived to discharge with renal cell carcinoma after nephrectomy?
A
251 days (8m)
(all cause MST = 84 days)
Kenny SA, Cook MR, Lenz JA, Maritato KC, Skorupski KA, Wustefeld-Janssens BG, Pellin MA, Silveira CJ, Veytsman S, Selmic LE, Husbands BD. Clinical outcomes in cats with renal carcinoma undergoing nephrectomy: A retrospective study. Vet Comp Oncol. 2023 Dec;21(4):587-594. doi: 10.1111/vco.12921. Epub 2023 Jul 19. PMID: 37464904.
8
Q
What’s the incidence and outcome of feline LSA treated with chemotherapy?
A
Incidence = 3.6%
L-CHOP MST = 203 days
steroids MST = 50 days
9
Q
What’s the outcome of primary canine renal LSA treated with chemotherapy?
A
median progression free interval = 10 days
MST = 12 days
if responded, PFI = 41 days, and MST = 47 days
Clinical characteristics and outcome of dogs with presumed primary renal lymphoma. Taylor et al 2019.
10
Q
What’s the most common presenting complaints for canine primary renal LSA?
A
lethargy and gastrointestinal signs, and biochemical testing showing azotaemia in 86% (n=25) and erythrocytosis in 51% (n=15)
Clinical characteristics and outcome of dogs with presumed primary renal lymphoma. Taylor et al 2019.
11
Q
What’s the prognostic significance of B-raf in canine iUC?
A
n = 79
- BRAF mutation was found in 64.6% of tumors
- MST for BRAF-negative patients was 359 days vs. 214 days for BRAF-positive dogs, p = .055)
- but adjuvant metronomic chlorambucil after mixtoxantrone doubled the MST compared to patients receiving mitoxantrone alone (588 vs. 216 days; p= .030).
Gedon et al, 2022
12
Q
What’s the out come of canine vertebral OSA treated with surgery +/- adjunctive therapy?
A
Sx only MST = 42 days
with chemo and RT = 261 days (8.7m)
Sx + RT MST = 101 days (one dog)
Sx + chemo (carbo based) MST = 82 days (~3m)
Surgical decompression, with or without adjunctive therapy, for palliative treatment of primary vertebral osteosarcoma in dogs. Dixon et al, 2019.
13
Q
What’s the outcome of CFRT for young dogs with spinal nephroblastoma?
A
- post-op setting
- 45-50 Gy in 18-20 fractions
- MST = 1234 days (due to any cause)
Conventional fractionated radiotherapy outcomes for young dogs with nephroblastoma of the spinal cord: 5 cases. Kim et al 2023
14
Q
What’s the outcome of dogs/cats treated with solitary ventricular tumour treated with RT +/- shunt?
A
MST = 162 days (5m) RT alone
MST = 1103d (3y) with ventriculoperitoneal shunting
Solitary intraventricular tumors in dogs and cats treated with radiotherapy alone or combined with ventriculoperitoneal shunts: A retrospective descriptive case series. Beckmann et al 2023
15
Q
What’s the outcome of SRT for canine glioma?
A
Trageser et la 2023:
MST = 349 days (11.6m)
disease specific survival = 413 days (13.7m)
91% showed improvement in clinical signs post RT
Moirano et al 2020 (cyberknife): 21m, 28m
MST = 636 days (one course 258 days, multiple = 865 days), with chemo (CCNU, temozolomide, hydroxyurea, Palladia) = > 658 days
Debreuque et al 2020 (CFRT, 15 x 3Gy over 5 weeks):
MST = 698 days (23m)
Efficacy of stereotactic radiation therapy for the treatment of confirmed or presumed canine glioma. Trageser et al 2023
Efficacy of frameless stereotactic radiotherapy for the treatment of presumptive canine intracranial gliomas: A retrospective analysis (2014-2017). Moirano et al 2023
Definitive-intent uniform megavoltage fractioned radiotherapy protocol for presumed canine intracranial gliomas: retrospective analysis of survival and prognostic factors in 38 cases (2013-2019). Debreuque et al 2020
16
Q
What is Leptomeningeal gliomatosis and which breed is commonly affected?
A
- Leptomeningeal gliomatosis (LG) is characterized by the dissemination of neoplastic glial cells in the subarachnoid space, either as primary LG (PLG) or secondary LG (SLG).
- 90% = brachycephalic
-all gliomas = oligodendrogliomas
Primary and secondary leptomeningeal gliomatosis in dogs. Rissi et al 2024
17
Q
What’s the outcome for intraventricular brain tumours treated with SRT?
A
MST = 16.9m (n =11)
2 dogs with carcinoma lived for 24 and 133 days respectively
Stereotactic radiotherapy outcomes for intraventricular brain tumours in 11 dogs. Hansen et al 2023
18
Q
What’s the outcome of dogs with intracranial tumour treated with a boost CFRT protocol?
A
TTP:
control = 828 days
Boost = 627 days
MST:
control = 724 days
Boost = 557 days
no significant differences
Treatment of intracranial neoplasia in dogs using higher doses: A randomized controlled trial comparing a boosted to a conventional radiation protocol. Staudinger et al 2022.
19
Q
What’s a prognostic feature for canine glioma?
A
Mitotic count
20
Q
What’s the outcome of canine gliomas?
A
this study was Sx + autologous vaccine (Merickel et al 2021)
astrocytic tumors - MST = 743 days,with oligodendroglial - MST = 205 days
undefined tumors - MST = 144 days,
low grade glioma - MST = 734 days
high grade glioma - MST = 194 days
This one include a combo of Sx, RT and/ or chemo (Jose-Lopez 2021)
MST = 84 days vs palliative only = 26 days
Prognostic histopathologic features of canine glial tumors. Merickel et al 2021
21
Q
What’s the outcome of cyberknife SRT for primary intracranial tumours in dogs?
A
- the median PFI was 347 days
- MST = 738 days
Cerebrum > brainstem > cerebellum for PFI
meningioma»_space;> others
CyberKnife stereotactic radiotherapy for treatment of primary intracranial tumors in dogs. Carter et al, 2021
22
Q
What’s the outcome for presumed canine meningioma treated with SRS?
A
SRS: MST - 519 days (17m) infratenorial tumour = shorter ST
Single fraction stereotactic radiation therapy (stereotactic radiosurgery) is a feasible method for treating intracranial meningiomas in dogs. Kelsey et al 2018.`
23
Q
Which breeds have predominately primary / secondary CNS histiocytic sarcoma?
A
Primary: Corgi and Shelties
Secondary: Rottweilers (exclusive secondary only)
Predisposed breeds: Berners, Golden, Rotties, Corgis, and Shelties
Clinicopathological characteristics of histiocytic sarcoma affecting the central nervous system in dogs. Toyoda et al 2020.
24
Q
What’s the outcome of canine primary CNS histiocytic sarcoma?
A
brain: ST < 145 days (5m)
spine: < 77 days (2.5m)
Clinicopathological characteristics of histiocytic sarcoma affecting the central nervous system in dogs. Toyoda et al 2020.
25
What's the MST for canine histiocytic sarcoma of the CNS?
+/- Sx - MST = 58.5 days
+/- RT - MST = 74 days
+CCNU - MST = 97 days
Clinicopathological characteristics of histiocytic sarcoma affecting the central nervous system in dogs. Toyoda et al 2020.
26
How well does RT control seizure in dogs with brain tumours?
The duration of seizure freedom 24m (RT group) vs 1.7 m (medical therapy)
MST = 34.6 months vs 6.2 months
Effect of radiotherapy on freedom from seizures in dogs with brain tumors. Monteiro et al, 2020
27
What's the outcome of canine macroscopic brain tumours treated with IMRT?
MST = 18 months
Definitive-intent intensity-modulated radiation therapy provides similar outcomes to those previously published for definitive-intent three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy in dogs with primary brain tumors: A multi-institutional retrospective study. van Asselt et al 2020
28
What's the complication rate of cranial surgery for cats and dogs?
Mortality rate of 14.5%
Complication rate 35.2% -- hypotension, anemia , neuro deficits, seizures, and aspiration pneumonia
Long-term complication rate = 39.4%
29
What's the outcome of Sx or SRT for cats with meningioma?
Surgery MST = 1345 days (3.5y); median time to progression = 1183 days
SRT MST = 339 days (11m); median time to progression = 315 days
but surgery had significantly more complications than SRT
Surgery MST = 612 days (1.6y) even with herniation (Kouno et al 2020)
Characteristics and outcomes for 61 cats that underwent either surgery or stereotactic radiotherapy as treatment for intracranial meningioma (2005–2017). Tichenor et al 2023.
Surgical treatment of rostrotentorial meningioma complicated by foraminal herniation in the cat. Kouno et al, 2020.
30
What's the most common complication of surgery for feline meningioma?
anemia 54%
decreased appetite
hypokalemia
Characteristics and outcomes for 61 cats that underwent either surgery or stereotactic radiotherapy as treatment for intracranial meningioma (2005–2017). Tichenor et al 2023
31
What's the outcome of presumed glial tumours in dogs treated with RT?
MST ~1.5
subventricular = worse outcome
Bely et al 2022
32
What's the utility of CD20 in the prognosis of canine melanocytic tumours?
high CD20 as significantly associated with tumour-related death, metastasis/recurrence, and shorter overall and disease free survival.
Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes in canine melanocytic tumours: An investigation on the prognostic role of CD3(+) and CD20(+) lymphocytic populations. Porcellato et al, 2020.
33
What's the RR with gilvetmab?
ORR = 41%, mostly stable disease.
total of 5 dogs (20%) had an objective response with 2 dogs having a complete response and 3 dogs having a partial response. A total of 10 dogs (40%) had stable disease and 8 dogs (32%) had progressive disease.
34
Which IHC are diagnostic for feline malignant melanoma?
PNL-2
Melan-A
35
What diagnostic criteria has been proposed for "malignant" melanoma in cats?
- if located in lips, oral/nasal mucosa, then needs to have either MI >4/ 10hpf or intratumoral necrosis to be malignant.
- in all other sites, will need both above criteria to be malignant
36
What's the MST for cats having malignant melanoma?
MST = 90 days
MST not reached for low grade
37
How prevalent is SOX10 positivity in melanoma in cats?
SOX-10 nuclear expression was detected in 92% of ocular melanomas, 86% of oral melanomas, and 100% of cutaneous melanomas,
38
What's the expression pattern of PD-1 in canine melanoma vs melanocytoma?
significantly higher levels of PDCD1 (PD-1) and CD274 (PD-L1) in melanomas compared to melanocytomas
39
What's the prognostic utility of FoxP3 in canine melanocytic tumours?
FoxP3 protein expression greater than 6.9 cells per high-power field was identified as an independent predictor of death.
40
What's the outcome of melanocytic tumours of the feline nasal planum?
7/10 cast = malignant, 3 = benign.
Most were euthanized due to tumour progression. MST = 265 days
41
What's the significance of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes in feline melanocytic tumours?
May be associated with histologic features of malignancy and loss of melanocytic-specific markers, such as Melan A and PNL2
42
What's the prognostic value of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes in canine melanocytic tumours?
high infiltration of CD20(+) TILs was significantly associated with tumour-related death, metastasis/recurrence, and shorter overall and disease-free survival.
43
What's the outcome of using masitinib for stage III/IV canine melanoma?
of 17 dogs:
MST = 119 days
2 PR, 7 SD, 8 PD
- masitinib is not an appropriate monotherapy
44
What's the COX2 expression status for canine oral and cutaneous melanoma?
- COX-2 was overexpressed in 34% of oral melanomas and 42% of cutaneous melanomas
- associated with various immune cell markers and angiogenesis: CD3 for oral MM; CD3, CD4, FOXP3 and MAC387 for cutaneous MM.
45
What's the outcome of canine footpad melanoma treated with surgery and adjuvant therapy?
PFI = 101d
MST = 240d
Metastastic rate = 55%
Jeon et al 2022
46
What's the outcome of surgery for feline aural SCC?
MST = 168 days (vs. 85 days with palliative therapy, though not statistically significant)
Clinical presentation and outcome in cats with aural squamous cell carcinoma: a review of 25 cases (2010-2021). McGrath et al, 2022.
47
What's the outcome of Sr 90 for eyelid SCC in cats?
- 100% RR
no signs of recurrence with a median follow-up time of 34 months
Strontium 90 plesiotherapy for the treatment of eyelid squamous cell carcinoma in eight cats. Russak et al 2022
48
What's the outcome of ocular dermoids in cats?
Sx had no recurrence
49
What's the most common retrobulbar mass in cats?
LSA (51%)
most cat retrobulbar mass = malignant
50
What are some common clinical signs of retrobulbar mass?
- respiratory signs (62%)
- exophthalmos (49%)
51
What's the long term outcome of dogs with malignant ovarian tumours and malignant abdominal effusion?
Tx = OHE and IV carboplatin
OST = 822-1840 (21-67m) for granulosa-theca cell, vs 617-841 (20-28m) for ovarian adenocarcinoma
52
What's the outcome of IMRT for canine prostatic carcnioma?
MST = 563 days ( 581 if incidental, 220 if symptomatic)
the median event-free survival is significantly longer with MTD chemo (241 days vs 25 days) and if metastasis was present (109 days vs 388 days)
Definitive-intent intensity-modulated radiation therapy for treatment of canine prostatic carcinoma: A multi-institutional retrospective study. Walz et al, 2020
53
What's the outcome of medical management of prostatic cancers in dogs?
- MST NSAIDS vs. no treatment was 6.9 mo compared to 0.7 mo, which was significant
- mito vs carbo had no difference in MST (109 days) of prostatic tumours, but having prostate involvement = negative prognostic factor
- it's still better to do NSAID and chemo compared to NSAID only
54
What's the outcome of total prostatocystectomy in dogs?
MST = 337 days (11m)
- 88% had urinary incontinence
- other types of surgeries also reported, with MST = 231 days (8m), 1/3 with permanent urinary incontinence
55
What's the significance of Weishaar's LN classifcation system?
Kiupel high grade, increasing number of SLN and lymphocentrums were associated with higher HN classes. The results indicated that low grade/low-risk MCT with nonpalpable and normal-sized sentinel lymph nodes had a favorable outcome
Stefanello et al 2024
56
What's the outcome of pre-op vinblastine/prednisone for canine MCT?
- CR 40.9%, PR 68.2%
- Complete excision in 46.7%
- Local recurrence in 20.8% (n=5)
- 27.2% with complete excision also recurred
- rognostic factors should be cautiously interpreted after its use.
Ossowska et al, 2023
57
What's the outcome of iomeprole for SNL with x-rays?
- 168 SLNs were detected, with 90% identified at the first radiograph taken one minute after injection, and the rest at 3 minutes
- The SLN differed from regional lymph nodes in 57% of cases.
- 26% of cases had multiple SLNs
- 31% had multiple lymph centers.
Annoni et la 2023
58
What's the outcome of SNL for canine MCT with CT?
- detection rate = 90%
- 32% of MCTs showing that the SLN did not correspond to the regional lymph node (RLN)
- CTL is a reliable method for SLN detection at 93% without the need to remove additional lymph nodes for staging.
Ferraris et al, 2023
59
What's the nodal metastatisc rate for cats with cutaneous low grade MCT that had lymphadenctomy?
10 out of 17 (59%) showing nodal metastasis
60
What's the impact of lymphadenectomy for Kiupel high grade MCT?
Lymphadenectomy improves outcome in dogs with resected Kiupel high-grade cutaneous mast cell tumours and overtly metastatic regional lymph nodes
dogs that did not undergo lymphadenectomy had a median time to progression of 150 days and a median survival time of 250 days, compared to 229 days and 371 days for those that did undergo the procedure, respectively.
Chalfon et al 2022
61
What's the general outcome of RT for canine MCT?
- recurrence = 6.6% total, median of 526 days
- mortality rate varied based on the risk category of the tumors (13% mortality for low-risk tumors, 29% mortality for high-risk tumors)
Mason et al, 2021
62
What's the outcome of scar revision for incompletely removed canine MCT?
- 27% of resected scars contained residual MCT, with 8% of scar revision continuing to have incomplete or narrow margins
- Local recurrence occurred in only 4% of dogs during the follow-up period, which had a median of 403 days
63
What's the outcome of Stelfonta for canine MCT?
- 75% complete response (CR) by 28 days in TT-treated dogs,
- 93% of those showing no recurrence by 84 days
- retreatment increased the CR to 88%
- Wound formation after tumor slough and wound size relative to tumor volume were strongly associated with efficacy
De Ridder et al 2021
64
What's the outcome when comparing using SLN vs local regional LN for detection of nodal metastasis in canine MCT?
Histopathological examination of SLN detected metastases in 9 of 20 tumors, while LRLN FNA identified metastases in only 1 of 20, leading to changes in stage and treatment recommendations for 8 of 20 tumors when comparing cytology of LRLN against histology of SLN.
Lapsely et al 2021
65
What's the recurrence rate using a modified proportional margin for canine cutaneous MCT?
- complete excision in 95% of cases (95/100).
- The overall recurrence rate was noted at 3% (3/100 tumors), with a median follow-up period of 593 days.
Saunder et al, 2021
66
How beneficial is adjuvant chemo for low grade MCT with HN2 nodes?
Adjuvant medical therapy provides no therapeutic benefit in the treatment of dogs with low-grade mast cell tumours and early nodal metastasis undergoing surgery
Marconato et al 2020
67
Does irradiation of locoregional LN improve outcome for high grade canine MCT?
Treating the locoregional lymph nodes with radiation and/or surgery significantly improves outcome in dogs with high-grade mast cell tumours
Mendez et al, 2020
68
What's the outcome of young dogs with MCT?
all patients were alive and disease-free at a median follow-up of 1115 days after diagnosis
Rigas et al 2020
69
What's the local recurrence rate of narrowly removed canine MCT?
Despite 40% of MCT and 37% of STS having histologic tumor-free margins less than 1 mm, local recurrence rates were low, with only 4% of low-grade MCT diagnosed with local recurrence
Milovancev et al 2020
70
What's the outcome for high grade, stage 2 canine MCT treated with surgery +/- RT and adjuvant chemotherapy?
MST = 259d (8.5m)
Burge et al, 2023
71
What's the diagnostic accuracy of FNA for splenic neoplasia in cats?
- The diagnostic accuracy of cytology to detect splenic malignant lesions was 73% (100% for MCTs and 54% for mesenchymal tumors)
Rossanese, et al 2023
72
Is splenic cytology predictive of liver cytology for staging for canine MCT?
Yes, with a negative spleen cytology showing a higher predictive value of 0.99 compared to a positive cytology, which had a predictive value of 0.54
Brown et al, 2022
73
What's the significance of c-kit localization?
- membrane KIT localization is most likely to identify tumours that are less likely to have progressive disease
- c-kit gene mutations may be most informative in the identification of tumours that are histologically low grade
Thamm et al, 2019
74
Does the needle gauge effect diagnostic yield for FNA liver/ spleen in dogs?
No difference between 22-, 23-, 25-
but more blood contamination with 22
75
What's the general outcome of feline hepatocellular tumours, bile duct carcinomas with or without surgery?
Hepatocellular tumours MST = 868d (2.4y)
Bile duct carcinoma = 270d (9m)
if no Sx, overall MST = 16d
76
How does the size of the primary AGASACA effect the nodal metastatic rate?
Overall nodal metastasis = 46%
<2cm : 20%
>3cm = 63%
77
With oral extramedullary plasmacytoma, what's the overall prognosis?
overall MST = 973d (2.7y)
1/3 had progression of plasma cell disease
78
What are some prognostic factors for canine tonsillar SCC?
asymptomatic patients, patients treated with surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy, and those receiving NSAIDs may have a better prognosis than untreated dogs or symptomatic patients
- OST 126d
- no mets MST = 381 days
79
Which IHC would be good for feline exocrine pancreatic carcinoma?
cytokeratin 7 and 20
80
What's the time to recurrence for canine colorectal polyps treated with surgery?
Not reached at 2000d
estimated MST = 1640d
West Highland White Terriers --> shorter time to recurrence
81
What's the otucome of transcatheter arterial emoblization for canine hepatocellular masses?
MST = 419d (14m)
- negative prognostic factors = intra-abdominal bleeding, large tumour size
(Kawamura et al 2023)
82
What's the outcome of canine salivary carcinoma treated with surgery?
good!
- MST = 1886d (5y! much better than previously reported)
- overall DFI = 191d
- time to nodal mets = 299d, found in 22/69 (31.9%) of dogs
(Bush et al 2023)
83
What's a CT feature that can differentiate between GI LSA and GI adenocarcinoma in cats?
- layer enhancement was noted in al lcats with adenocarcinoma (only 7% of LSA)
- LSA cats had lymphadenopathy and increased wall thickness compared to adenocarcinoma
(Tanaka et al 2022)
84
What's the outcome of 3DCRT for microscopic AGASACA (20 x 2.5Gy)?
MST = 771d (~2y; most also had carbo)
AE: transient grade III dermatitis, resolved within 4 weeks
85
What was the metastatic rate of canine AGASACA staged with CT?
- 71% with iliosacral lymphadenopathy
- 11% with lung nodules (Sutton et al 2022)
86
What's the outcome of u/s guided microwave ablation of HCC in dogs?
- in 4 dogs
- still alive with follow-up 39-649d
(Locatelli et al 2022)
87
What's the prognosis of juvenile (<2y) dogs with oral SCC treated with surgery?
great!
- median follow-up time = 1556d (4.3y) and all but 1 died (due to DCM)
- none had metastasis on presentation
- all had partial maxillary or mandibulectomy
88
What's the outcome of drug-eluting bead chemoembolization for nonresectable canine HCC?
MST = 337d
RR = 85%: 62% SD, 23% PR
11% major complication including death
89
What's the outcome of accelerated hypofractionated RT with chemo for feline oral SCC?
overall MST = 89d
grade III mucositis noted
Irradiated MST = 136d vs no RT = 38d
(Marconato et al 2020)
90
What's the outcome of ECT with IV bleomycin for canine non-tonsillar SCC?
RR = 90.9%, 1-2cm masses achieved CT without recurrence
- MST = 831d (27m) if not recurred
- MST = 110d (3.6m) if died with tumour
91
What's the complication rate of u/s guided percutaneous sampling of canine liver?
- 85.3% of dogs with no or mild coag abnormalities had a decrease in PCV
- 42.2% had >6% change in PCV (major hemorrhage)
- 1.9% had complications
92
What's the outcome of Sx + Palladia for AGASACA?
OST = 827d (2.2y)
(Heaton et al 2020)
93
What's the outcome of multi-modal treatment with Oncept vaccine for canine oral melanoma?
dogs treated with surgery and/or RT
MST - 510d (17m)
median time to progression = 304d (10m)
(Turek et al 2020)
94
What's the outcome of intracavitary carboplatin for cats with carcinomatosis?
in the 8 cats, all died within 5-16d due to recurrent effusions or poor general health
95
Which tumour is most likely in cats with honeycomb appearance in the spleen?
Lymphoma
15/33 = lymphoid hyperplasia
8/33 = LSA: 4 B cell, 3 T cell, 1 large granular
1/33 = Histiocytic sarcoma
remainder = benign changes
96
What's the yield of of metastasis or a major finding with prognostic significance for dogs >15yo with oral tumours staged with head CT, LN FNA, thoracic and abdominal imaging?
27.8%
97
What's the outcome of surgery for dogs with >5cm AGASACA?
OST = 671d
-local recurrence = 37%
-nodal met at presentation = decreased PFI but not OST
- adjuvant therapy was not associated with outcome
(Griffin et al 2023)
98
What's the agreement between liver FNA and biopsy?
The overall sensitivity was 60%, and the specificity was 68.6%
Agreement was 22.9%, for neoplastic lesions = 18.9%
(Cray et al 2023)
99
What's the outcome of surgery +/- Palladia for intrahepatic bile duce carcinoma?
liver lobectomy, all completely removed, 2/6 received Palladia
- MST = 894d (~2.5y)
- 2 dogs had local recurrence / distant metastasis around 1y post surgery
100
What's the outcome of canine combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma?
MST = 700d (~2y) with surgery
101
What factor cause hypoglycemia in HCC and leiomyosarcoma?
insulin like growth factor -2
102
What the outcome of dogs with hepatic tumours with hemoabdomen?
MST:
HCC = 897d (30m)
benign = 905d
HSA = 45d
other neoplasia = 109
Interesting, elevated ALT was associated with a better prognosis (MST = 644 vs 63d) -- none of the HSA had elevated ALT
(Reist et al 2022)
103
What's the outcome of dogs with pancreatic carcinoma treated with Palladia?
clinical benefit in 75% (1PR, 2SD, 1PD)
MST = 89.5d
(Musser et al 2021)
104
What's the complication rate for patients going for mandibular or maxillectomy pre-treated with RT or chemo?
the odds of dehiscence or oral fistula increased by 3x
- overall complication rate = 37.3%
(Cray et al 2021)
105
What's the relationship between size of canine oral melanoma and lymphatic invasion?
if tumour <6.5mm = 100% sensitivity to rule out
if tumour >24.5mm = 100% specificity to rule in
(Carroll et al 2020)
106
What would be a useful marker to differentiate between canine oral SCC and acanthomatous ameloblastoma?
-ki67 labelling index
- MI was not useful
(Peralta et al 2019)
107
What's the outcome of oral melanoma treated with 6Gy x 6 RT?
- PFS = 171d (6m)
- MST = 232d (8m)
- Better ST with stage I or II
Baja et al. 2022
108
What are some risk factors for recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma? What's the prognosis?
- median time to recurrence ~1y
- no difference in overall ST
- no factors identified
- did notice elevation in liver enzymes
Lapsley et al 2022
109
What's the prognostic factor for dogs with AGASACA and metastatic LN undergoing surgery for both?
having more than four mLNs was associated with shorter progression-free interval (PFI) (p < .001), time to documented progression (TDP) (p = .004), and disease-specific survival (DSS) (p < .001)
Tanis et al, 2022
110
What's the outcome (AE and ST) of RT for AGASACA?
- 73% with Grade 2 acute AE within 1 week of RT completion
- resolution or improvement to grade 1 within 3 weeks
- no late toxicity noted
- median PFI = 908d (~2.5y)
Korner et al, 2022
111
What's the outcome of Elspar for canine GI large cell LSA?
- RR = 56%, with 94% improvement in clinical signs
- MST = 147d
- None developed hypersensitivity (median dose = 7)
Nakagawa et al 2022
112
What's the outcome of combining radiation therapy with zoledronate for the treatment of osteo-invasive feline oral squamous cell carcinoma?
44% PR
well tolerated
113
What's the diagnostic utility of k67 in canine oral tumours?
it's significantly higher in oral SCC vs acanthomatous ameloblastoma --> may be a useful differential marker
Peralta et al 1999
114
What CT differences can be used to differentiate between haert base hemangiosarcoma and neuroendocrine tumour?
Neuroendocrine tumours are more contrast enhancing than hemangiosarcoma and tend to to be associated with mediastinal and peritumoral neovascularization
- cannot distinguish between aortic body tumour and ectopic thyroid carcinoma consistently
115
What's the outcome for feline ventral abdominal angiosarcoma/ lymphagiosarcoma?
Angiosarcoma MST = 166d (~5.5m)
Lymphangiosarcoma MST = 197d (~6.5m)
116
What's the outcome of cats with thymic epithelial tumours treated with surgery? How does the Masaoka-Koga staging effect MST?
- Peri-op mortality rate = 11%
- MST = 897d (~2.5y)
- Stages I and II: MST = 1366d (~3.7y)
- Stages III/IV: MST = 564d (~1.5y)
(Marks et al 2024)
117
What type of tumour has been reported in the tricuspid valve of the dog?
Myxoid tumours - 2/11 had characteristics of malignancy
118
What's the average age of cats diagnosed with histiocytic sarcoma?
5y
119
What's the responsive rate of hemangiosarcoma to carboplatin?
33%, median time to progression for responders = 103d (~3m)
120
What's the general outcome of cats with hemangiosarcoma of the nasal planum treated with surgery and strotium?
prolonged survival (>1y) is possible
121
What features of CFS cytology can support primary histiocytic sarcoma of the CNS rather than secondary?
marked inflammation
(Toyoda et al 2020)
122
How often can neoplastic cells be noted on CSF analysis for CNS histiocytic sarcoma?
58%
(Toyoda et al 2020)
123
What are some predisposed breeds for CNS histiocytic sarcoma?
- Berners, Golden, Rotties, Corgis, Shelties
- Corgis and Shelties - primary only
- Rotties (always disseminated)
124
What are some distinguishing characteristics on CT for mediastinal lymphoma vs thymoma in dogs?
- mediastinal LSA is more likely to be wrapping around the cranial vena cava compared to thymoma
- mediastinal LSA is also more homogenous compared to thymoma
(Reeve et al 2020)
125
What's the outcome of amputation vs RT for periarticular histiocytic sarcoma in dogs?
Amputation MST = 398d (13m)
RT MST = 240d (8m)
- not statistically significantly different
- negative prognostic factors: LN and distant metastasis at presentation
126
What's the general outcome with surgery for dogs with hemangiosarcoma in the urinary bladder, ureter, falciform fat
prolong ST possible (>9m-years)
127
What's the response rate of doxorubicin for canine histiocytic sarcoma?
ORR = 26%
Better for localized vs disseminated (43% vs 21%)
- only CR is with multimodal therapy
- MTTP = 42d
(Doka et al 2022)
128
What's the outcome of dogs with heart base tumour treated with Palladia?
- ORR = 10%
- MST = 823d (2.25y)
- 90% improvement in clinical signs (dyspnea, collapse, cough, lethargy)
- those with metastasis, RR = 28.5%, MST = 796d (2.18y) --> not statistically significant compared to no mets
(Lew et al 2019)
129
What are some features that can help to distinguish between mediastinal lymphoma vs thymic epithelial tumours in dogs and cats?
Dogs:
- at least 2 well defined margins on a lateral view = more likely to be thymic tumour vs lymmphoma
- a rightward shift of the cardiac silhouette on VD/DV also more likely to be thymic tumour
Cats:
- no characteristics found
(Oura et al 2019)
130
What's the outcome of dogs with carcinomatosis and mesothelioma treated with Palladia?
Best ORR = 30.4% (13% CR, 17.3% PR)
SD = 60.8% (14/23)
MST = 301 days
131
What's the outcome of localized splenic histiocytic sarcoma?
MST = 427d (14m)
- 5/14 (35.7%) developed metastatic disease
- 12/14 had CCNU
132
What's the outcome of periarticular histiocytic sarcoma that has not metastasized?
Combo of Sx, RT, Chemo
MST = 980d! (2.7y)
if there is met = 253d (8m)
133
What's the outcome of mesothelioma in dogs treated with chemotherapy?
- median survival time (MST) of 195 days for all dogs, and 234 days for those receiving chemotherapy
- The overall response rate to chemotherapy was 37% after 3 weeks and 24% after 15 weeks, with only a 22% 1-year survival rate for all dogs
--> mostly 5-FU and carbo
Moberg et al 2022
Another study found
chemotherapy group survived significantly longer (median survival time of 366 days) compared to those that did not receive treatment (median survival time of 74 days; p < .001). --> mostly cisplating
Lajoinie et al 2022
134
What's the outcome of SBRT for canine thymoma?
MST for SBRT = 250d
PRT = 155d
- side effects significantly more common in PRT
Trageser et al, 2022
135
Is SRT better than CFRT for canine pituitary tumours?
In one retrospective comparison study, the overall MST = 608d (1.6y)
- younger dogs (<9y) MST = 753d (~2y) vs 445d (1.2y)
- ST was not associated with protocol
136
What are some CT features of exocrine pancreatic carcinoma in dogs/ cats?
- well defined mass with contrast enhancement
- heterogenous
- more common in R lobe
- lymphadenopathy (esp with larger masses)
137
What's the metastatic rate of canine thyroid carcinoma on presentaiton?
1/3
- 14-26% for LN mets
- 20-38% pulmonary mets
138
What does the thyroid follicular cells produce? medullary cells produce?
- Follicular cells = colloid, thyroid hormones and thyroglobulins
- Medullary cells = c-cells = parafollicular cells = calcitonin
139
What IHC markers can be used to distinguish between follicular thyroid, medullary thyroid, and parathyroid tumours?
- Follicular thyroid: thyroglobulin (+), thyroid-transcription factor 1 (+), neuroendocrine markers (-)
- Medullary thyroid: thyroglobulin (-), thyroid-transcription factor 1 (-), neuroendocrine markers (+), calcitonin (+), calcitonin gene-related peptide (+)
- Parathyroid: thyroglobulin (-), thyroid-transcription factor 1 (-), neuroendocrine markers (+), parathyroid hormone (+)
140
What's the outcome of incompletely removed canine thyroid carcinoma without adjuvant therapy?
10m
141
What's the relationship between gastrin and dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism?
27/151 (17.9%) of dogs with PHPT have hypergastrinemia, but this is independent of the presence of GI signs
142
What's the prognosis of dogs with endocrine/ neuroendocrine tumours that develop bone metastasis?
With therapy, >100d
(compared to other tumour types, generally < 30d)
143
What's the MST of canine thyroid neoplasia that underwent thyroidectomy?
MST = 802d (2.2y)
- risk factors for cancer related death: presence of metastasis, non-follicular carcinoma, administration of chemo
144
What's the outcome of SRT for canine pheochromocytoma?
n = 8 (11Gy x 3 daily, or 7Gy x 5 EOD)
- all had resolution of clinical signs
- 5/8 still alive at median follow-up time of 25.8m (just over 2y)
- can resolve caval invasion
- RT AE mostly GI
145
What's the outcome of Palladia for pheochromocytoma?
1 PR, 5 SD
146
Is there a insulin concentration difference in the stage and ST for canine insulinoma?
No...
there is no significant differences in insulin concentration between dogs with or without metastasis at diagnosis.
147
Is u/s guided core needle biopsy of thyroid tumours in dogs feasible?
yes.. apparently it's safe
148
Which is more sensitive at diagnosing canine pheochromocytoma - plasma free noremetanephrine or metanephrine?
normeteanephrine! 100 % vs 73%
both have specificity of 94%
149
What's the outcome of cats with insulinoma treated with surgery?
Study with 20 cats:
-18/20 had euglycemia or hyperglycemia after surgery
- MST = 863d (2.4y)
- Negative prognostic factors = young age, and low serum glucose level, metastasis, tumour invasion, and shorter time to euglycemia
( Veytsman et al, 2023)
150
How can pre-I131 USG in cats predict the risk of post-RAI azotemia in hyperthyroid cats?
if pre treatment USG > 1.035 --> 6.4% developed azotemia vs if pre-treatment USG < 1.035, then the risk is 44%
(Peterson and Rishniw, 2023)
151
What's the post-op complication rate for unilateral adrenalectomy in dogs? What are some factors that contribute to poor outcome?
- Complication rate = 25%
- Peri-op mortality associated with: increased surgical time, medical treatment other than pheochromocytoma (that had no effect)
- Decreased overall ST: pancreatitis, aspiration pneumonia, ureternephrectomy
(Piegols et al 2023)
152
What's the outcome of canine pituitary macrodenoma treated with RT?
- there was no significant difference between PDH and non-PDH macroadenoma for MST (590d vs 738d {1.6 vs 2y])
Rapastella, et al 2023
153
How good is PET-CT with 18-FDG for canine insulinoma staging?
Unpredictable tumoural avidity limits the value of (18) F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-CT for staging canine insulinomas.
154
What's the outcome of cats with hypersomatotropism and DM treated with cabergoline?
in 23 cats
- IGF-1 concentration improved in 26%
- DM remission in 35%
(Miceli et al 2022)
155
Should alpha-blockers be used prior to surgery for dogs with pheochromocytoma?
53 dogs didn't have pretreatment with pheochromocytoma and 44 survived to discharge with MST of 3.2y
156
What's a risk factor of developing post-op hypocalcemia for primary parathyrodism?
- if pre-op hypercalcemia is > or = 1.75mEq/L = 7.5x risk of post-op hypocalcemia
(Burkhardt, et al 2021)
157
What U/S feature is more consistent with a malignant parathyroid tumour?
nodule > or = 8mm
(Burkhardt, et al 2021)
158
How accurate is U/S as pre-op assessment for primary parathyroids in terms of number of nodules affected and laterality compared to surgery?
- # of nodules: 65.9%
- laterality: 72.3%
159
What's the outcome of feline hypersomatotropism treated with transsphenoidal hypophysectomy?
in 25 cats:
- MST = 1347d (3.7y)
- 23/24 can remission from hypersomatotropism
- 22/24 achieved diabetic remission
160
What's the outcome of canine insulinoma treated with surgery?
MST = 20m, better than 8m for those treated medically.
- metastasis is the only variable associated with prognosis
161
What's the detection of canine insulinoma with dual phase CT?
found nodules in 33/35 cases (94%)
- hyperattenuating in the arterial phase (21/22)
162
Can I-131 resolve hyperthyroidism due to ectopic thyroid tumours in dogs?
yes, 5/5
(Lyssens et al 2021)
163
What factors are associated with increased odds of relapse and decreased ST in dogs with insulinoma treated with surgery?
- post-op hypoglycemia
- stage
In this study, the MST was 372d (1y), Stage I = 652d (1.8y) and Stage II/III = 320d (8m)
(Del Busto et al 2020)
164
How does SDMA predict azotemia in hyperthyroid cats treated with I-131?
- An increased SDMA concentration above the reference interval prior to treatment has a high specificity but poor sensitivity for the prediction of post-treatment azotemia
- there is a discordance with post treatment creatinine and SDMA
165
What's the outcome of SRT for dogs with thyroid carcinoma?
RR = 70%; 4 (20%) CR, 10 (50%) PR, 4 (20%) SD, and 2 (10%) PD
MPFS = 10m
MST = 1y
- metastasis was not a prognostic factor
(Lee et al 2020)
- responders MPFS = 1y vs 3m
- responder MST = 1.2y vs 3m
166
Is the pretreatment T4 and post treatment T4 correlated in cats treated with a fixed dose of oral RAI?
nope!
(Yu et al 2020)
167
What's the metastatic rate and pattern of canine thyroid carcinoma?
18.6% on presentation
- all medial retropharyngeal metastasis were ipsilateral (7/77, 9.1%): there was no contralateral mets
- 14/41 (34%) had metastatic deep cervical LN
- medullary or mixed follicular/medullary tumours (62.8%) were more likely to have metastasis than follicular (8.2%)
- All metastatic LNs are ipsilateral
(Skinner et al 2024)
168
What's the outcome of adrenalectomy for ruptured adrenal mass?
- good if they survive the periop period
- short term (<2w) complications were 42% (21% death)
- MST = 574d (1.6y)
- MST = 900d (2.5y) if short term death is censored
169
What's the significance of intra-op glucose level for dogs undergoing surgery for insulinoma?
- completeness of resection is related to the glucose level
- MDFI = 381d (~1y)
- MST = 762d (2y)
(Cogrolls et la 2022)
170
What's the outcome of dogs with exocrine pancreatic adenocarcinoma treated with Palladia?
RR = 75%
MST ~ 90d (3m)
(Musser et al 2021)
171
What's the outcome of endocrine status for cats with acromegaly treated with SRT?
- median time to max reduction is 399d (~13m)
- MST = 741d (~2y)
- single fraction 17Gy
(Watson-Skaggs et al 2021)
172
What's the outcome of surgery for dogs with parathyroid tumours?
- MST = 2y
- 89/96 dogs have the hypercalcemia resolve within 7 days
- 34% develop hypocalcemia
(Erickson et al 2021)
173
Can size be used to distinguish between hyperplasia, adenoma, and adenocarcinoma of the parathyroid gland based on ultrasound?
- 3mm seems like a goo cut-off between hyperplasia and neoplasia
- but there is too much overlap
174
What's the outcome of I-131 for canine thyroid carcinoma?
- ORR = 35.3% (4 complete, 9 partial)
- 76.2% showed improvement in clinical signs
- Median PFI = 301d (10m)
- OST = 564d (1.5y)
Jegatheeson et al 2022
175
What's the outcome of adrenalectomy with cavotomy for dogs with adrenal tumours?
- 45 pheochromocytomas, 7 adenocarcinoma, 2 unknown
- 76% dogs survived to discharge
- MST = 547d (~1.5y)
- Bodyweight, tumor type, and size and extent of caval thrombus did not affect survival to discharge
- Postdiaphragmatic (rather than prediaphragmatic) thrombus termination was associated with a greater risk of death.
176
What's the likelihood of cutaneous/ SQ metastasis for canine OSA?
- in this cohort, 19/20 with cutaneous/ SQ mets were found incidentally
- there were also 17/20 lung mets and 1/20 bone mets
- median time to cutaneous mets = 160 days
- ST after cutaneous mets = 54 days --> Sx + chemo = 94 days vs no tx = 11 days
177
How can IHC differentiate between hemangiosarcoma and telangiectatic OSA?
HSA: ALP (-), factor VIII (+)
Telangiectatic OSA: ALP (+), factor VIII (-)
178
What's the prognostic implication of different subtypes of canine OSA?
fibroblastic = 546 days (18m)
- osteoblastic = 257 days (8.5m)
- chondroblastic = 170 days (5.6m)
179
What's the outcome of SRT (9Gy x 3) for canine OSA?
- fracture rate = 41%
- max. lameness improvement median 3 weeks post
- median time to first event = 143 days
- MST = 233 days (with chemo)
180
What's the "optimal" time to initiate chemotherapy post OSA amputation in dogs?
within 5 days
Median OST = 445 days vs 239 days (14m vs 8m)
- didn't seen increased in incidence of grade III or IV AE
181
What's the rationale behind high dose losartan and toceranib for canine stage III OSA and what's the response outcome?
- inhibition of the CCL2-CCR2 axis reduced monocyte migration
- ORR = 25% of the dogs
- SD more than 8 weeks in another 25%
182
What's the reported outcome of OSA dogs receiving amputation, carboplatin chemotherapy (4–6 doses), and EGFR vaccine?
1y survival rate = 65%
183
What's the outcome of cranimaxillofacial OSA in dogs treated with SBRT?
- median time to first event (TFE) of 171 days,
- MST of 232 days. (~8m)
- Cause of death was local progression for 22/35 (63%) patients, metastasis for 9/35 (26%) patients and unknown for four
- administration of chemotherapy along with five fractions of SBRT was associated with increased survival time
184
What's the pre- and post- treatment (SBRT + chemo) PET-CT difference for canine OSA?
- significant reduction in avidity
- metabolic tumor volume and total lesion glycolysis both showed a significant reduction of -99.8%.
- post-tx PET SUV max was predictive of metastasis
185
What's the significance of circulating tumour cells in canine OSA?
12/15 dogs had a pre-metastatic CTC spike, and these patients had a median survival time of 301 days, significantly shorter than the 626 days for those without a spike.
186
What's the fracture rate and most common site of fracture for canine OSA treated with 12Gy x 3 daily fractions?
50/127 ~ 40%
- most common site = distal tibia
187
How common is a secondary cancer found on necropsy for canine OSA treated with standardized therapy?
12% (HSA was the most common 2nd tumour)
- most common met = lungs, followed by bone, kidney, liver and heart
188
What was the outcome of 18F-FDG for staging for canine OSA?
Of the 71 dogs assessed,
- 23.9% were identified with a high suspicion or confirmation of a metastatic neoplasm,
- 16.3% had comorbid malignant neoplasms
- 8/71 (11.3%) having both metastatic and comorbid lesions.
189
What's the outcome of autologous cancer cell vaccination, adoptive T-cell transfer, and interleukin-2 administration for canine OSA?
- DFI = 231 days
MST = 415 days (13m)
190
What's the outcome of dogs with OSA undergoing a secondary amputation?
Dogs originally had limb-spare surgery that required an implant to reconstruct the osseous defect.
- 31/192 had a secondary amputation (14%)
- median disease specific survival = 604 days (20m)
- lived for a median of 205 days (7m) after secondary amputation
191
What's the outcome of canine MLO treated with 10Gy x 3 SRT?
- median PFI = 223 days (~7m)
- MST = 329 days (~11m)
192
What's the difference in outcome between SRT vs palliative RT with adjuvant chemo for canine OSA?
SRT MST = 350d (~1y)
PRT MST = 147d (5m)
193
What's the metastatic rate of feline appendicular or scapular OSA?
- 46.3%; 41.9% developed metastasis after amputation
- median time to metastasis = 235 days (~8m)
- MST = 527 days (1.4y)
- Humerus location was significantly associated with a higher rate of distant metastasis.
194
What' s the outcome of whole lung irradiation (1.75Gy x 10 daily) for canine OSA after amputation and 4 doses of carboplatin?
- the radiation was well tolerated with no pulmonary fibrosis or pneumonitis
- but there was no significant difference in median DFI for treated (376d) vs. historical control (304d)
Brehm et al, 2022
195
What's the outcome of surface OSA in dogs?
n=11, mostly surgery, some RT, 6/11 had chemo
- median time to met = 329d (11m); 4 new, 2 already had met
- median PFI = 425d (1.1y)
- median OST = 555d (1.5y)
periosteal (461d; 1.2y) > parosteal (350d)
Cook et al, 2022
196
What's the impact of histological subtype on survival of canine mammary carcinoma?
- carcinosarcoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, and anaplastic carcinoma subtypes were associated with the poorest prognosis
- age, histological grade, and lymphatic invasion status significantly correlated with tumor-specific survival.
197
What's the utility of beta-catenin, TAZ/YAP expression in human, dog, and cat mammary gland tumours?
active β-catenin protein expression was higher in tumors than in healthy tissues for all three species, and YAP/TAZ expression was notably higher in triple negative breast cancers compared to HBC ER(+) and in feline mammary tumors compared to canine mammary tumors.
198
What's the outcome of a prospective study on the pre-op use of desmopressin for canine mammary carcinoma?
no significant difference in time to primary metastasis or survival between the two groups
- the result is different than the previous studies
- power? lack of OHE in the previous studies?
199
What's the prognostic significance of IHC and histology on canine mammary carcinoma?
- stage 1 complex carcinomas = lowest incidence of metastases,
- triple-negative tumors were mostly in advanced stages and associated with vascular invasion.
- Estimated survival time was shorter triple-negative tumours and those with high COX-2 expression.
- Anaplastic/ inflammatory carcinomas had the worst prognosis with a high proportion of triple-negative tumours in this category
200
What's the complication rate and factors that influence the complications rate for dogs undergoing mastectomy?
- overall complication = 16.9% (26/154)
- 34.6% of these cases requiring hospitalization.
- high body weight, undergoing bilateral mastectomy and post-op antibiotic administration --> significantly increased odds of complications,
- concurrent OHE or OE decreased these odds.
201
How does expression of HIF-1alpha and VEGF influence outcome of feline mammary carcinoma?
- HIF-1α and VEGF were overexpressed in 69.4% and 77.8%. respectively,
- HIF-1α overexpression significantly correlated with the overall survival rate
- neither correlated with histological grade or metastasis.
202
Are multiple mammary tumours on presentation indicative of malignancy?
one study found 85% were benign, 15% were malignant.
- dogs with multiple mammary masses were not significantly more likely to have malignancies compared to those with single masses
- Age and reproductive status were also not significantly associated with malignancy.
203
What's the outcome of feline mammary adenocarcinoma treated with Palladia?
17 cats total.
- median PFS = 91d
- MST = 145d
Clinical benefit was seen in 12 (64.7%) cats and an objective response was seen in six (35.2%) cats.
- 5% CR (1)
- 29% PR (5)
- 35% SD (6)
- 29% PD (5)
204
What's the outcome of adjuvant doxorubicin vs metronomic cyclophosphamide and meloxicam vs surgery alone for cats with mammary carcinomas?
Adjuvant chemo didn't make a significant difference!
- group 1 (n = 80) cats treated with surgery,
- group 2 (n = 34) Sx + doxorubicin
- group 3 (n = 23) cats Sx + low dose metronomic cyclophosphamide and meloxicam
- The median DFI was 270, 226 and 372 days in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively.
- The median OS was 338 (group 1), 421 (group 2) and 430 (group 3) day
205
What's the outcome of canine inflammatory mammary CA treated with metronomic cyclophosphamide, COX-2 inhibitor, and Palladia?
- MOST = 96d (3m)
- significantly higher than NSAID alone (37.5d; 1m)
- mild side effects with the protocol
Alonso-Miguel et al, 2022
206
What's the outcome with OHE at the time of mammary tumour removal in dogs?
DFS was significantly longer for bitches that underwent ovariectomy and mastectomy compared to those that were left intact (p = .00064) or already spayed (p = .0098)
Banchi et al 2022
207
What's the effect of ivermectin on canine mammary tumour cell line?
- inhibits the growth of canine mammary tumor cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner by causing cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase through the down-regulation of CDK4 and cyclin D1 expression.
- ivermectin significantly reduces β-catenin nuclear translocation, leading to the inactivation of WNT signaling and resulting in a notable suppression of tumor growth in canine mammary tumor xenografts
Diao et al 2019
208
What's the frequency of concurrent nasal polyps and intranasal neoplasia in dogs?
16% of 321 cases!
out of 50 initially diagnosed with nasal poly, follow-up biopsy in 25 confirmed 15 = polyps, with 9 actually been malignant cancer
209
What's the utility of liquid biopsy with cell-free DNA?
The test has a sensitivity of 71.3% and a specificity of 98.7% for detecting seven predefined cancer types (lymphoma, hemangiosarcoma, osteosarcoma, leukemia, histiocytic sarcoma, primary lung tumors, and urothelial carcinoma)
210
What's the outcome of thoracoscopic lung lobectomy for canine lung mass resection?
- all dogs survived to discharge
- MST = 311 days
- significant risk factors to conversion: tumour > 5cm and pre-op lymphadenopathy
- 88% had clean margin
211
What's the safety and accuracy of fluoroscopy-guided fine-needle aspiration for sampling deep-seated pulmonary lesions in dogs and cats?
All were diagnostic (total of 10) and only 1 dog had a minor post procedural complication.
212
What are the top 3 feline tracheal masses and their MST?
1. LSA, MST = 241 days (chemo +/- RT)
2. Adenocarcinoma, MST = 21 days
3. SCC, MST = 21 days
213
What's the evaluated CD204(+) macrophage (M2) and total macrophage infiltration in canine lung carcinoma?
High CD204(+) macrophage levels were significantly associated with lung metastasis in TCC (P = 0.030) and shorter overall survival in canine patients with PA (P = 0.012) and TCC (P = 0.0053).
214
What's the likelihood of extrapulmonary metastasis in cats with pulmonary carcinoma?
- 56.4%
- mostly reginal LN (43.5%)
- skeletal muscles (23%)
- kidneys (15.3%)
- parietal pleura (10.2%)
215
What's the natural behaviour of primary intranasal MCT in the dog?
- 55% had metastasis, mostly to the mandibular LNs
- 43% of dogs with outcome data were euthanized within 1 year
216
What's the tolerability and efficacy of a cyclical hypofractionated radiotherapy protocol ('QUAD shot') in cats with sinonasal carcinomas?
4 Gray (Gy) delivered in four fractions within 48 h, with a minimum of 6 h between two treatments, and repeated every 3-4 weeks for a total dose of 48 Gy in three cycles.
MST = 460 days (1.3y), 1y survival 80%
4/7 euthanized due to tumoure-related causes.
217
In a case series (5 cats) with nasal planum hemangiosarcoma, what's the general outcome?
Not bad with surgery, 1y+
218
What's the outcome of stage III and IV nasal carcinoma in dogs treated with toceranib?
MST = 139 days (4.5m)
interestingly, dogs with epistaxis experienced a longer median survival of 166 days compared to 83 days for those without epistaxis.
219
What's the outcome of palliative treatment (steroid, NSAIDs) for metastatic pulmonary carcinoma in cats (n=34)?
MST = 64 days
presence of pulmonary signs = only prognostic factor influencing survival
220
What's the outcome of cats with intranasal carcinoma treated with radiation therapy?
- definitive intent/ SRT: MST = 721 days (~2y)
- palliative intent = 284 days
- re-treatment @ recurrence is possible, with overall MST of 824 (2.25y) days (vs 434 days/ 1.2 years)
221
Where is recurrence most likely going to occur in dogs treated with radiation therapy?
within the RT field
222
What's the outcome of SRT for solar induced facial SCC in cats (pilots study, 5 cats)?
- OST 118-991 days (all still alive at submission)
- all had alopecia and erythema
- mild late AE
223
What's the outcome of cats with nasal carcinoma treated with palliative RT?
- 24/28 (92%) had clinical improvement
- MST = 342 days
- Adams modified Stage IV = 152 days
- facial deformity = 67 days
224
What's the outcome of Adams modified stage IV canine sinonasal tumours treated with IMRT?
- median PFS = 177 days
- MST = 319 days
23 CA, 6 SA
- intracranial involvement was not prognostic
225
What's the outcome of toceranib post-op canine pulmonary adenocarcinoma?
median TTP = 145d (Sx) vs 191d (Sx + toceranib) --> significantly different
226
What's the outcome of dogs with nasal carcinoma treated with SRT?
median PFS = 359 days
MST = 563 days (1.5y)
227
What was the outcome of cats with pleural carcinomatosis treated with intracavitary carboplatin?
All cats (8) died within 5-16 days of treatment due to recurrent effusion or poor health...
228
What's the outcome of surgically removed canine primary pulmonary carcinoma based on modified human lung cancer stage?
The median survival times for stages I-IV were 952, 658, 158, and 52 days, respectively,
229
What's the outcome of cats with sinonasal carcinoma treated with 4.2G x 10 Fx?
- MST = 452 days (1.2y)
- 11.1% CR, 63% PR, 11.1% SD
- median TTP = 269 days
- those with epistaxis had longer ST
230
What's the outcome and metastatic behavior of canine sinonasal osteosarcoma?
- MST = 410 days (13m)
- 30% developed metastasis
- median time to met = 458 days (15m)
mostly treated with RT
231
What's the outcome of feline sinonasal LSA (stage 1) treated with 7Gy x 5 weekly fx +/- chemotherapy?
- RT only, PFS = 104 days, MST = 263 days (9m)
- RT + chemo, PFS = 677 days, MST = 983 days (2.7y)
232
What's the outcome of dogs with nonlymphomatous intranasal tumours treated with SRT (10Gy x 3)?
- median event-free survival = 237 days (8m)
- OST = 542 days (18m)
233
What's the survival time of canine pulmonary carcinoma vs histiocytic sarcoma vs neuroendocrine tumours with lung lobectomy?
MST:
- histiocytic sarcoma = 300 days
- carcinoma = 399 days
- neuroendocrine tumours = 498 days
234
What's the efficacy of using Palladia as primary or adjuvant therapy (4.2Gy x 10) in canine nasal carcinoima?
- RT + palladia, the RR = 79.4%, vs RT alone = 68.9% vs Palladia alone = 22%, (they are all significantly different)
- The clinical benefit rates (CR + PR + SD) were significantly improved in the toceranib + RT arm over the RT alone arm at 97.3% and 79.2%, respectively (p = .036).
- Adverse events associated with toceranib administration did not potentiate the RT side effect profile.
- but the MST were not statistically significant. Numerically, RT + Palladia = 615d vs 368d (RT alone) vs 298d (Palladia only)
Ehling et al, 2022
235
What's the outcome of re-irradiation (10Gy x 3) for canine nasal tumours?
- MST after re-irradiation was 448 days (total of 745d; 2y)
- 73% of dogs experiencing adverse events after the second treatment (oronasal fistula formation (N = 3), seizures (N = 2), bacterial or fungal rhinitis (N = 2), and facial swelling (N = 1)).
Gieger et al 2022
236
What's the outcome in dogs with curative-intent treatment of localized primary pulmonary histiocytic sarcoma?
n=27
Sx + CCNU
MST = 432d
237
What MI is correlated with significantly increased recurrence for surgically removed equine sarcoid?
- MI ≥ 20 correlated with a significantly higher recurrence rate of 80% compared to an MC < 20, which had a recurrence rate of 18%
- also fibroblastic types
Karalus et al, 2024
238
What's a reliable prognostic factor for canine splenic stromal sarcoma (SSS)?
mitotic count
- >50% will have metastasis by 24m, but adjuvant chemotherapy was not a significant factor in ST
Ferrari et al, 2024
239
What's the outcome of carboplatin for treating gross canine mesenchymal tumours?
- ORR = 14.2%
- median TTP = 42d
Responses were observed only in dogs with haemangiosarcoma, yielding a response rate of 33.3% (4/12) and a median time to progression for responders of 103 days
Pritchard et al, 2023
240
What's the outcome of feline maxillary sarcoma?
Aggressive
MST = 70d
death due to recurrence
Harvey et al, 2022
241
What's the outcome of non-injection site feline STS?
Sx and RT.
- The tumour recurred in 8/18 cats (44.4%)
- overall median PFI = 2748d (7.5y)
- for the ones that recurred, the mPFI = 164d (5.5m)
Zajc et al 2022
242
What's the outcome of canine GIST?
n = 47
The overall median survival time for both GIST and leiomyosarcomas (LMSAs) is 1024 days (2.8y; not significantly different)
- metastatic rate of 32.1% for GISTs and 15.3% for LMSAs (also not significantly different)
- with GIST: c-KIT staining also correlated positively with survival, with an MST of 250 days in cases with weak staining and an MST of 1418 days in cases with moderate or strong c-KIT staining (p = .005).
Del Alcazar et al, 2021
243
What may be a useful predictor of grade for canine STS based on cytology?
MI
- no grade 1 tumours had ≥3 mitotic figures in 200 cells (weak but significant correlation)
Sanchez-Redondo et al, 2021
244
What's the outcome of the proposed STS grading system for cats?
low (MST = 900.5 days), intermediate (MST = 514 days), and high-grade tumours (MST = 283 days).
Dobromylskyj et al, 2021
245
What are some complications for maxillectomy for oral tumours in cats?
he most common post-operative complications were hyporexia and incisional dehiscence, both occurring in 20% of cats
Liptak et al, 2021
246
What are some CBC parameters that can be prognostic for FISS?
Preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio , white blood cell count and neutrophil count may aid in identifying cats at higher risk of local recurrence
Chiti et al 2020
247
What's the recurrence rate of surgically removed canine STS and MCT?
prospective with 2y follow-up
- 40% of MCT and 37% of STS having histologic tumor-free margins less than 1 mm
- 4% of low-grade MCT diagnosed with local recurrence
- No local recurrence or metastasis was diagnosed after excision of 19 STS
Milovancev et al, 2020
248
What's the outcome of non-urinary rhabdomyosarcoma in dogs?
n=25
- MST = 10d
- 16/25 (64%) had metastasis on presentation
- Ezrin (=) in 20/21 samples
Connell et al, 2020
249
What's the outcome of feline sarcoid (cutaneous fibropapillomas)?
- rare dermal disease
- recurrence rate of 40.5%
- only 11.1% recurred if completely removed, and DFI no reached,
- if not completely removed, recurrence rate = 66.7% with DFI = 250d (8.5m)
- All cats that died secondary to tumour-related causes had initial incomplete histologic excision and were euthanized because of local recurrence
Wood et al 2020
250
What's the outcome for FISS treated with Sx and iridium-192 brachytherapy?
n = 22
- mTPP = 619d
- disease specific survival = 1242d (3.5y)
- complication generally mild (4 had grade 3)
- The local failure rate was 54.5% and the distant failure rate was 13.6% due to lung metastasis
Bloch et al 2020
251
What's the outcome of retroperitoneal sarcoma in dogs?
with surgery, MST = 238d (8m) - majority = hemangiosarcoma (76.1%)
- surgery + chemo
Walter et al 2024
252
What's the outcome with SRS for canine STS scar?
- Acute toxicity in 80%
- with 6/36 (17%) having grade 3 skin
- 1 dog had a grade 3 delayed skin toxicity
- 25% tumour recurrence rate @ 272d (9m)
- 70% likelihood of patients reaching 843 days before experiencing local recurrence of the tumor.
Ericksen et al, 2023
253
What's the outcome of CFRT for incompletely removed canine high grade STS +/- chemo?
n =41, 16 also had chemo
- MST = 981d (2.5y)
- 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of 85%, 43%, and 18%, respectively
- 24% metastasis and 20% recurrence
Although adjuvant chemotherapy was not associated with improved survival time in dogs of the present study, results indicated that improved OST and TTP could be achieved through strict adherence to the prescribed irradiation schedule and avoidance of unnecessary prolongation of the course of RT.
Crownshaw et al, 2020
254
What's the outcome of SRT for canine gross STS?
- RR = 46%: 10/28 (36%) PR, and 3/28 (11%) CR
- median PFI = 521d (1.4y)
- overall ST = 713 (~2y)
Gagnon et al 2020
255
What' the risk of recurrence after surgery for canine STS?
9.8% of completely excised STS recurred compared to 33.3% of incompletely excised STS
256
What's the most common visceral sarcoma in the dog and what the outcome?
- leiomyosarcoma = 38.1%
- most common location = spleen (47.6%)
- local recurrence rate = 4.7%
- overall metastatic rate = 40.4% (23.8% on presentation)
- MI ≥9 was associated with significantly shorter survival time (MST 269 days)
- MST: grade I = not reached. Grade II = 589d (1.6y), and Grade III = 158d (5m)
Linden et al 2019
257
What's the outcome of RT for plasma cell tumours in dogs?
Good, they are radiosensitive: 86% RR
- for non-MM, MST - 771ays (2.1y)
- for MST for all dogs = 697d (1.9y)
Elliot et al 2020
258
What's the RR and outcome of canine multicentric LSA treated with lomustine and prednisolone as first line?
RR = 87% (CR 15/30: 8 T cell, 4 B cell); not statistically different
MST = 3m
(Catalucci et al 2024)
259
The describe the biological behaviur of canine granular lymphocyte LSA.
in a Yale et al 2024 with 65 dogs
- most common c/s = lethargy and hyporexia
- most common anatomical form = hepatosplenic, and GI
- 30% had peripheral blood/ bone marrow involvement
- treatment with MTD chemo
- 74% RR but MST only 28d; 6 had long term ST, MST of 198d
- negative prognostic factors = monocytosis and peripheral blood involvement
- intermediate cell size = better
260
What's the outcome of cats diagnosed with myeloid related disorder?
- most cats have splenic or hepatic involvement, just over half have bone marrow involvement
- overall RR with prednisone and: Melphalan = 87%, cyclophosphamide = 90%, and chlorambucil = 100%
- anemia and thrombocytopenia = negative prognostic factor
- MST = 122d (4m)
- melphalan and cyclophosphamide MST = 315d (11m); less AE with cyclophosphamide vs melphalan
261
Does endogenous serum cortisol concentration influence outcome of dogs with LSA treated with chemotherapy?
Yes!
PFS 136d vs 180d (4.5m vs 6)
MST = 96d vs 180d (3 vs 6m)
Although no significant differences were found in the rate of P-gp-positive cells between the 2 groups, the rate of GCR-positive cells was significantly lower in the high COR group
262
What's the outcome of cast with high grade and large granular alimentary LSA treated with CHOP or COP?
RR = 42% (20% CR, 22% PR)
- MST = 131d (4m)
- if achieving CR = 203d (~7m)
Bernardo et al 2024
263
What's the outcome of cats with cutaneous/ SQ hemangiosarcoma and lymphamgiosarcoma treated with surgery +/- chemo/ Palladia?
HSA = 166d (factor VIII positive, PROX-1 negative)
LAS = 197d (both factor VIII and PROX-1 positive)
- difficult to remove completely
- local recurrence is high (60%)
264
What are some prognostic factors for canine T cell nodal LSA receiving alkylators?
if bone marrow involvement > 5%, MST = 114d (4m)
vs if <5%, MST = 178d (6m)
265
Is mesenteric LN biopsy appropriate for small intestinal LSA in cats?
- 43% had nodal infiltration
- clonality results correctly identified 63% of the LNs as reactive (ie. counted the remaining 37% of reactive LNs as neoplastic).
266
What's the outcome of pegylated Elspar for cats with large cell LSA?
- RR = 74%, 38% CR
- PFI = 70d
- MST = 79d (2.6m)
IM elspar injection
Bik et al 2023
267
What's the outcome of dogs treated with MVPP for resistant LSA?
mechlorethamine, vinblastine, procarbazine, and prednisone
- RR = 25%
- PFI = 15d
- MST = 45d
Zimmerman et al 2023
268
What's the outcome of 10-day cyclic melphalan cycle for canine multiple myeloma?
10 days of melphalan @ 2mg/m2/day, with 10day break. Each cycle = 20 days
- RR= 76% (CR = 59%, PR = 18%)
- MST = 512d (1.4y)
Teddy et al 2023
269
Which needle gauge would be most appropriate for FNA of the canine spleen?
tested 23G, 25G, and 27G
- 23G had higher cellularity than 27G
- pain was low in all 3, but lowest in 27G
- would recommend 23G due to better cellularity and low pain
Launay et al 2023
270
Which tumours can be positive for MUM-1?
typically used for plasma cell tumours, but histiocytic and LSA can also be positive
271
What's the outcome of dogs with MDS/AML treated with doxorubicin/ cytarabine combination?
Doxorubicin @ 30mg/m2 with cytarabine @ 300mg/m2 CRI over 4h, once every 2-3 weeks for 4-6 cycles
MST = 369d
median duration of remission for responders = 344d
Matsuyama et la 2023
272
What can be seen on MRI for intravascular lymphoma in dogs?
ischemia and hemorrhagic lesions
Mattei et al 2023
273
What dose intensity associated with ST in dogs with T cell LSA treated with CHOP-based protocols?
No
PFI= 91d (3m)
MST = 196d (~6m)
Lenz et al 2023
274
What's the outcome of feline tracheal/laryngeal LSA?
26% had surgery
all received chemotherapy
- MST = 909d (2.5y)
- most common presenting signs = increased respiratory effort and upper respiratory tract sounds
- the majority are B cells
Rodriguez-Piza et al 2023
275
What's the outcome of low dose HBI as consolidation for dogs with multicentric LSA in CR after CHOP?
With HBI:
2y disease free rate = 56%, survival = 78%
Without HBI:
2y disease free rate = 0%, survival = 11%
Best et al 2023
276
How much can drugs be escalated in a 15w CHOP protocol?
Vincristine was successfully escalated to 0.8 mg/m(2) or higher in 11 dogs, cyclophosphamide to 300 mg/m(2) or higher in 16 dogs, and doxorubicin to 35 mg/m(2) or 1.4 mg/kg or higher in 9 dogs.
RR = 100%
PFI = 171d (~6m)
MST = 254d (8.5m)
Siewert et al 2023
277
What's the most common etiology for cats with eosinophilic pleural effusion?
neoplasia (ex. LSA)
Wheatley et al 2023
278
What's the outcome of cats <18m treated for lymphoma?
- most common form = mediastinal
- CR = 46%, PR = 50% with chemotherapy
- PFF = 133d (4m)
- MST = 268d (9m)
- 7 cats lived > 2y
Regato et al 2023
279
What's the outcome of canine nodal small cell B cell LSA?
- median PFS = 119d (4m)
- MST = 222d (~7m)
- factors associated with shorter OS: low MHC II, high CD25, low Cd21, greater age, and substage B
Rout et al 2023
280
What's the significance of baseline serum C reactive protein for dogs with diffuse large B cell LSA?
lower = longer ST
<1mg/dL, MST = 315d (10m)
>1mg/dL, MST = 232d (8m)
Childress et al 2022
281
What's the outcome of cats with nasal/ nasopharyngeal LSA treated with SBRT?
MST = 365d
PFI = 225d
negative prognostic factors = cribriform plate invasion and intracalvarial invasion
Reczynaska, et al 2022
282
What's the outcome difference in cats with nasal LSA receiving PRT as first line vs receiving PRT after chemo failure?
PRT alone: ~ 1y
PFS = 336d
MST = 346d
PRT after chemo failure: 7-8m
PFS = 228d
MST = 242d
Yamazaki et al 2022
283
What's the RR to rabacfosadine for canine LSA?
73%: 50% CR, 23% PR
Weishaar et al 2022
284
What the accuracy of LN FNA for canine LSA?
Generally good, but not for further characterization of the LSA:
- >60% for low grade T-cell lymphomas,
- <40% for low grade B-cell lymphomas
- >30% for high grade B-cell lymphomas
- >20% for high grade T-cell lymphomas.
Martini et al 2022
285
What's the RR of cyclophosphamide with prednisone as an induction to treatment naive B cell LSA in dogs?
RR: 84% - 62% PR, 9% CR
side effects in 47% of patients
Todd et al 2022
286
What's the importance of serum amyloid A in feline nasal LSA?
Serum amyloid A is significantly higher in non-nasal LSA compared to nasal LSA, but it's not prognostic for LSA
- prognostic factors = no response to treatment and low HCT
Schiavo et al 2022
287
What's the RR for single pegylated Elspar injection for cats with LSA and those that continue on with COP?
Single pegylated Elsapr:
RR = 82%, CR in 38%
- 34/56 continued with COP
- 92% achieved CR
- PFI = 816d with CR (2.2y)
- OST = 181d (6m)
Krupa et al 2022
288
In a dose finding study for pegylated Elspar in healthy beagle dogs, which doses resulted in antibody developlment?
20 and 40 IU/kg (found in 5 dogs)
at 10 IU/kg there is evidence of asparagine depletion lasting 9-29d
(Feensra et al, 2022)
289
Can prednisolone pre-treatment affect sensitivity to doxorubicin and vincristine in cats?
Yes, according to cell line studies
Hlavaty et al 2021
290
What's the outcome of diffuse small cell B cell LSA in dogs?
it's not indolent!
MST = 140d (~5m)
Hughes et al 2021
291
What's the utility of serum haptoglobin concentration in feline GI disease?
it can be useful to distinguish between normal and those with GI disease; but cannot distinguish between GI disease and LSA.
Love et al, 2021
292
What's the outcome of using cyclophosphamide as a rescue after chlorambucil for cats with small cell GI LSA?
good!
CR in 90%
median PFS = 215d (7m)
Kim et al 2021
293
What's the outcome of renal LSA in cats treated with prednisolone vs chemo?
Pred, MST = 50d
L-CHOP based, MST = 203d (~7m)
Not prognostic:
therapy administered, renal LSA vs multicentric LSA , CNS involvement, presence of azotemia, anemia and IRIS stage
Williams et al 2021
294
Is monoclonality an exclusive feature of small cell GI LSA?
NO!
70% of LPE had monoclonality (vs. 100% in LSA)
- LPE also has marked fibrosis in the lamina propria (94%)
- LSA had in-depth mucosal infiltration (68%)
Freiche et al 2021
295
What are some negative prognostic factors for canine chronic B cell leukemia?
generally B cell CLL is not as good - MST = 300d (10m)
Negative prognostic factors include:
- Boxer (178 vs 423d)
- high lymphocyte count >60K
- high Ki67 (>40%) (MST = 173d)
- symptomatic
Rout et al 2021
296
What's the outcome of a novel LOPH protocol for feline high grade multicentric or mediastinal LSA?
Lomustine, vinc (IP), doxorubicin, and vinc (IP)
CR = 81%
MST = 214d (7m) for mediastinal, not reached for multicentric
for FeLV (+) = 171d (~6m)
297
What's the outcome of feline high grade LSA rescued with methotrexate, lomustine, and cytarabine?
RR = 46%
MPFI = 61d (2m)
- 2 cats with grade III anemia and 1 cat with grade III thrombocytopenia
Smallwood et al 2021
298
What are some features that can distinguish between feline nasal LSA and adenocarcinoma based on MRI?
- adenocarcinoma has higher apparent diffusion coefficient values compared to lymphoma
Tanaka et al 2021
299
What are some prognostic factors for canine B cell LSA?
- CD25+: increased expression = decreased ST
- RR = 96% for DLBCL, with MPFS = 233d, MST = 325d (~11m)
- RR = 60% for nodal marginal zone LSA
- RR = 67% for small cell B cell LSA
Wolf-Ringwall et al 2020
300
What's the outcome of CD4-/CD8- and CD8+ nodal T cell LSA in dogs?
CD4-/CD8- MST = 145d (~5m)
CD8+ MST = 198 (~6.5m)
- hypercalcemia and mediastinal mass more likely to be CD4-/CD8-
Harris et al 2020
301
Describe the IHC expression of English bulldog non-neoplastic lymphocytosis.
- polyclonal
- B cell
- low MHCII and CD25 expression
- splenomegaly
- hyperglobulinemia (IgA +/- IgM)
- mostly male (74%), young (6.8y)
Rout et al 2020
302
What's the outcome for rabacfosadine + Elspar for relapsed LSA?
Elspar given with the first 2 doses of Tanovea
RR= 67%, 41% CR
- MPFS = 63d (2m)
- MPFS = 144d (4.5m) if CR
- negative prognostic factors: no CR or previous Elspar use
Cawley et al 2020
Compared to Saba et al 2018 paper (just B cell):
- RR = 74%, 45% CR (73.3%; 50%)
- MPFI = 108d (63)
- MPFI = 203d if CR
303
How reliable is mass spectrometry for differentiating LPE and small cell GI LSA in cats?
relative sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 86.7%, 91.7%, and 88.9%, respectively, compared to clonality testing, which had sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 85.7%, 33.3%, and 61.5%
Marsilio et al 2020
304
How does the immunophenotype of feline lymphocytosis affect the outcome?
MST:
CD4+ = 752d (2y)
CD4-/CD8- = 271d (9m)
CD5 low = 27.5d (4w)
Rout et al 2020
305
What are some CT features to differentiate between thymoma and mediastinal LSA in dogs?
- thymoma is more likely to have heterogenous attenuation
- lymphoma is more likely to wrap around the cranial vena cava
Reeve et al 2020
306
What's the general outcome of Tanovea for naive canine multicentric LSA?
RR = 87% (CR = 52%, PR = 35%)
- MPFI = 122d (4m)
- most common AE = GI
- grade 5 pulmonary fibrosis in 3/63 (4.7%)
- pre-treatment with steroids and T cell = negative prognostic factor
- T cell RR = 50%, (22% CR) vs B cell RR = 97% (62% CR)
Saba et al 2020
307
What's the response of MOPP (mustargen, vinc/vinb, procarbazine, predniosolone) for relapsed/ resistant LSA in cats?
RR = 70%
median remission = 166d (5.5m)
- if CR, median remission = 190d
- most common AE = neutropenia and GI
- 15% in remission at 1y
Maloney Huss et al 2020
308
What's the outcome of MOC (melphalan, vincristine, cytozar) for treatment of relapsed canine LSA?
RR = 38%, CR in 19%
MPFI = 29d
309
Is neutrophilia a good or bad prognostic factor for dogs with LSA treated with CHOP?
- has shorter PFI and RR compared to those with normal neutrophil counts
- PFI: 70d vs 184.5d (2.5 vs 6m)
- RR: 75% vs. 97%
Veluvolu et al 2021
310
What are some uncommon side effects with Elspar in dogs?
- uric acid crystalluria (Tvedten et al 2019)
-
311
Is a 12week CHOP-based protocol better than the CHOP-19?
No, even though it's more dose intense.
12week:
- PFS = 141d (3m)
- MST = 229d (7m)
19week:
- PFS = 245d (8m)
- MST = 346d (1y)
Vos et al 2019
312
What are some common bloodwork changes and what's the outcome for dogs with primary renal LSA?
Azotemia and erythrocytosis were common.
MPFI = 10d
MST = 12d
if responded to chemo, MPF = 41d, MST = 47d
Taylor et al 2019
313
What's the outcome of RT for feline nasal LSA?
median PFI = 974d
MST = 922d
1/3 of cats developed systemic disease
Meier et al 2019
314
Describe CD4-/CD8- T cell neoplasm in young English bulldogs.
CD45(+) CD4(-) CD8(-) CD5(+) CD3(+) class II MHC-low
- median age of diagnosis = 3y
- MST = 83d with treatment, 6d without
Frankhouse et al 2022
315
What's the significance of SDMA in canine and feline LSA?
increased SDMA concentrations was 10.0 for dogs and 3.04 for cats with lymphoma, indicating a strong correlation between elevated SDMA levels and the presence of this cancer
Coyne et al 2022
316
What's the outcome for feline discrete intermediate/large cell GI LSA treated with surgery?
- MST = 185d for those that survived to suture removal (78% survived)
- Longer if completely removed MST = 370d vs 83d (1y vs 3m)
- Large intestinal mass lived longer than small intestinal or gastric masses (MST = 675d [22m] vs 64d vs 96d)
- Did not have a significance in MST between adjuvant chemo vs prednisone vs no additional therapy
Tidd et al 2019
