jp grammar Flashcards
(117 cards)
1
Q
～際に
A
Meaning: at the time; at this time; at that time
この際、勉強はさておき皆遊びに行きましょう。
At this time, let’s keep the study aside and go to play.
2
Q
～に際して・～にあたって
A
on the occasion of; at the time of ~; focused on how to approach the occasion
ダームの工事を始めるに際して、工事関係者は近所の住民に挨拶をして回った。
At the beginning of the construction of the dam, the construction staff greeted the residents in the neighborhood.
3
Q
～たとたん
A
the moment; the instant; as soon as; just as ~
初めてお酒を一口飲んだとたんに、めまいがした。
As soon as I had a sip of sake for the first time, I was dizzy.
4
Q
～と思うと・～と思ったら
A
no sooner than; just when
After something, immediately next incident or big change comes in.
赤ちゃんは今寝たかと思うと、すぐに泣き出してきた。
Just I was thinking that had the baby fallen asleep, he burst into tears immediately.
5
Q
～か～ないかのうちに
A
right after, as soon as
It is literally means as soon as something finishes, immediately other thing happens.
今日疲れた来た太郎君はベッドに横になるかならないかうちに、ぐっすり眠ってしまった。
Taro, who was tired today, felt asleep as soon as he lied on his bed.
6
Q
最中だ
A
in the middle of; in-between
コンサートをしている最中に地震が起こった
An earthquake broke out during the concert.
7
Q
～ばかりだ・～一方だ
A
continue to ~
It is used to express that some change goes on happening in one direction only.
このごろは残業が増えているばかりだ。
These days, overtime is just increasing.
8
Q
～（よ）うとしている
A
be about to
it is used to express something just a while ago of the change happens or Something is going to start from now on.
これからサッカー決勝戦が始まろうとしている。
The soccer final is about to begin.
9
Q
～つつある
A
to be in the process of doing; to be doing
It is used to express that some change is ongoing, inprocess.
株式市場は、非常に低迷した先月の後、今月持ち直しつつあると思います
I think the stock market is picking up this month after the very slump last month.
10
Q
～つつ
A
while; although; even though; despite
It is used in the sense that while doing some thing, other thing goes on.
運転しつつ、電話で話すのはだめだ。
Don’t talk on the phone while driving.
11
Q
～てはじめて
A
only after …… did I, not until
It is used to expresses that only after getting some experience or happening something, for the first time the current situation occurs or prevails.
実際に現地の様子を見てはじめて、今回の台風のひどさを知った。
Only after actually seeing the scene of the site, I learned the severity of this typhoon.
12
Q
～上で
A
after; when
As a preparation, first something is done after that next action continues.
文書が保存された上で、パソコンをシャットダウンしてください
After the document is saved, shut down your computer.
13
Q
～をめぐって
A
concerning; in regards to ~；over
It is used to express that about something some type of disputes, act against someone, rumor is / are going on.
環境問題にめぐって、今回の国際会議は大きく揺れた。
Regarding this environmental issue, this international conference shook significantly.
14
Q
～にかけては
A
when it comes to ~ someone is the best
英語の知識にかけては、彼はだれにも負けないのです。
When it comes to his knowledge of English, he is second to none.
15
Q
～次第
A
as soon as; dependent upon
In this the first action is materializes and after that immediately next action happens.
この情報が得り次第、連絡ください
Please contact me as soon as you have this information.
16
Q
～て以来・～てこのかた
A
since
It is used to express from something until now some state is continued.
けがをして以来、田中選手は練習をしないので来月の試合に参加しませんと思います
Tanaka hasn’t practiced since he was injured, so I don’t think he’ll participate in next month’s match.
17
Q
～てからでないと・～てからでなければ
A
unless something is done, something else can’t occur
お母さんに聞いてからでないと 私達はスーパーに行かない。
We can’t go to the supermarket until we ask mom.
18
Q
～てからして
A
judging from; based on
It expresses that something is only a example based on it such things are almost all.
タイトルからして、面白そうな映画です
It’s a movie that looks interesting from the title.
19
Q
～にわたって・～にわたり
A
throughout, over a period of~
It shows the activity spread throughout the period, place, scope etc.
台風が近づき、関東地方全域にわたって暴風警報が出された。
A typhoon approached and a storm warning was issued throughout the Kanto region.
20
Q
～限り
A
as long as; while…. is the case; as far as; while ~
It is used to express the whole scope of the status / condition.
警察が知ってほしい限りのことを全部伝えた
I told everything what the police wanted to know.
21
Q
～に限り
A
is best; nothing is better than ~; only for
It is used to express that the speaker believes that something is the best.
5,000円以上お買い上げのお客様に限り、今なら10%割引します
Only customers who purchase over 5,000 yen will get a 10% discount.
22
Q
～限りは
A
as long as; while ~
It is used to express only the span in which something is going on.
どんな国でも、あの国には住んでいる限り、あの国の規制を守ることが大切です。
As long as you live in any country, it is important to comply with the regulations of that country.
23
Q
～限りでは
A
within the scope of ～; as far as ~ is concern
今回の調査の限りでは、この橋を建てるために大きいお金がかかります。
As far as this research is concerned, it will costs a lot of money to build this bridge.
24
Q
～に限って
A
only; (particularly ) when
It is used to express that in a certain condition only something different is happening or something happens coincidentally or due to bad luck. It is also used to express that someone has a special belief in something, so there should be nothing wrong with it.
普段酒などをあまり飲まない彼が、今日に限ってかなり飲んだ
He usually doesn’t drink much, but he drank quite a lot today.
25
～に限らず
not just; not only ….. but also; not limited to
It expresses that scope of something is not limited to this only, but further big scope it incorporates.
ここ数年、コンピューターは仕事に限らず広く利用されるようになりました。
In recent years, computers have become widely used not only for work but also for work.
26
～のみならず
not only ….. but also
Not only this but there are others as well
彼が日本のみならず、世界においても有名な俳優である。
He is a famous actor not only in Japan but also in the world
27
～ばかりか
as well as; not only ….. but also
It expresses that even though only one is enough, further additional things are also there.
彼は漢字が書けないばかりか、読むこともできない
Not only can he write kanji, he cannot read it also.
28
～はもとより
also, let alone
It expresses that ~ is obvious, but other(s) too are ~
うちは貧乏なので、車はもとより、バイクもありません。
We are poor, so we don’t have car, not even motorbike.
29
～に応えて
in response to
For fulling expectation or will of ~, to do something.
親の期待に応えて、私は家族の事業を続けるつもりです
In response to my parents’ expectations, I will continue my family business.
30
～をもとに（して）
based on, from
試験の結果をもとに合否を決める
Pass/fail is decided based on the test results.
31
～に基づいて・～に基づき
based on, on the basis of
この映画は実際にあった事件に基づいて作られた。
This movie was made based on an actual incident.
32
～に沿って
along with; in accordance with; in line with
川に沿って２００メートルぐらい歩くと、右に一番高い建物が見えます
Walk about 200 meters along the river and you will see the tallest building on the right.
33
～の下で・～の下に
under; with ~
It is used to express that something is influenced by something or due to some condition, something happens.
田中さんは生まれたからずっと、厳しいお父さんのもとで育ていたから、大人になっても父に聞かずに何もしません。
Since Mr. Tanaka was born and raised under a strict father, he doesn’t do anything without asking his father when he grows up.
34
～次第だ・～次第で
depending on; so ~
日本語は言葉の使い方次第で、相手を怒らせてしまうこともあるので難しいです
Japanese is difficult because it can make people angry, depending on how you use words.
35
～に応じて
depending on; in accordance with
It is used to express the change occurs depends on ~
パーティーの予算に応じて、参加する人数とメニューを決める。
Depending on the party budget, decide the number of participants and the menu.
36
～につけて
every time; whenever; as; whether; in (either case)
every time while doing ~, something happens
彼女のことを思い出すにつけて心配になる。
I am worried when I remember her.
37
～やら～やら
such things as A and B; A and B and so on.
冬は、皮が乾くやら鼻水が出るやら、いつも大変なことです。
In winter, dry skin and runny nose are always tough.
38
～というか～というか
(I am unsure) A or B
あの子は明るいというかにぎやかというか、静かにじっとしていない子です
That child is bright, lively and never keep quiet.
39
～にしても～にしても・～にしろ～にしろ・～にせよ～にせよ
regardless of whether ~ or ~
テレビにしろ新聞にしろ、このごろニュースはお金を儲けるミディアムになになったと思います
Whether it’s TV or newspapers, I think the news has become a medium that makes a lot of money.
40
～といった
like; such as
ハワイやグアムといった国が日本人の新婚旅行先として人気があります
Countries such as Hawaii and Guam are popular destinations for Japanese honeymooners.
41
～を問わず
regardless of; irrespective of
It is used to tell something is same / uniform for all without a question of ~.
このスーパーは昼夜を問わず、開いています
This supermarket is open irrespective of day and night.
42
～にかかわりなく・～にかかわらず
in spite of ~; regardless of
It expresses that without concerning about something, ~ happens.
読む読まないにかかわらず、お父さんはいつも子供の向けにいろいろな作家の本を買って置いています
Whether reading or not, dad always buys books for children of various writers.
43
～もかまわず
without caring of; without worrying about
マイクは明日試験があるのもかまわず、彼女と映画を見に行ってしまった
Without caring about that there is exam tomorrow, Mike went to watch movie with his girlfriend.
44
～はともかく
whether or not; regardless of;
It is used to express that something is to emphasis so for the time being don’t think of other.
漢字は書くことはともかく、読むことは大変だ。
Regardless how is my kanji writing, but reading is terrible.
45
～はさておき
leave it aside; setting aside
There is something more important than ~ therefore for the time being keep ~ out of the topic.
冗談はさておき、今回彼はぜひ日本語能力試験を合格と思います
Jokes apart, I think he will pass the Japanese Language Proficiency Test this time.
46
～どころではない
this is not the time/occasion for; …is out of the question, (strongly emphatic) too preoccupied or busy to even think of … ; not the time for; not the place for;
It is used to express that something is not up to certain level but actually it is more than that.
まだ多い仕事があって休みを取るどころではない
I still have a lot of work to do, this is not the time for taking leave.
47
～どころか
far from; anything but; let alone; much less; not to mention
It is used to express that something is not the case like that but it is far from that.
ちょっと注意したら、謝るどころか
If you’re a little careful, it wasn’t the case of apologizing.
48
～ものか・～もんか
as if; never
It is used to emphasize the determination not to do something.
あんなまずい店、二度と行くものか。
Such a bad shop, I will never go again.
49
というものではない・～というものでもない
there is no guarantee that….; not necessarily
It is used to express that it cannot be said that if certain conditions are met, it will not necessarily be ~.
大学を合格すれば必ず就職するというものでもない。チャンスも必要だ。
It does not mean that if you pass university, you will definitely get a job. you need a chance
50
というものでもない
here is no guarantee that….; not necessarily
It is used to express that it cannot be said that if certain conditions are met, it will not necessarily be ~.
品物は、高ければ品質がいいというものではない。
It is not like that if the goods are expensive, its quality will also be good.
51
～とは
indicates word or phrase being defined with emphasis or defined.
こんな立派な作文をたった1日で仕上げたとはすごい。
It’s amazing to finish such a great composition in just one day.
52
～と言えば
f it were the case that ……, then certainly; if one were to speak of ………….., then certainly; speaking of
In this pattern a word is picked up from a topic and continued it in the next discussion to talk real thing or to talk anything about it.
私たちはフランスと言えばエッフェル塔を思い出す。
Speaking of France, we remember the Eiffel Tower.
53
～と言うと・～と言えば・～と言ったら
if it were the case that…, then certainly; if one were to speak of… then certainly, speaking of
好きな日本料理というと、天ぷらが一番好きです。
When it comes to my favorite Japanese food , tenpura is my most favorite.
54
～となると
once / when something happens
It used to express something which changes to unusual attitude after something happens.
佐藤さんは好きな人のこととなると話が止まらない。
Mr. Sato cannot stop talking when it comes to his favorite person.
55
にもかかわらず
despite; in spite of; nevertheless; although
It expresses that something remain unaffected by ~
けがをしたにもかかわらず原田さんはマラソンに参加するつもりです。
Despite being injured, Mr. Harada intends to participate in the marathon
56
～ものの・～とはいうものの
but; although / having said that; be that as it may
It is used to express that since something is the fact, but still the logical outcome of the fact is not happening.
高価な靴を買ったものの、靴を履いてパーテイーに行くチャンスがない。
I bought expensive shoes, but I don’t have the chance to wear them and go to a party.
57
ながらも
but; although; despite of
From the situation, something is different than expected.
狭いながらも、この部屋は適切に配置されている
Although small, this room is well arranged.
58
～つつも
while; although
It is used when the action is different than what we feeｌ
59
～といっても
Although I say~; Although one might say~
It expresses that actually the image of something is different than one has imagined from ~
日本語の勉強を始めたといっても、まだ一ヶ月に過ぎない。
Although I say, I started studying Japanese, it’s even not more than a month.
60
～からといって
just because
Generally, it express that it is not necessary if A is then B also and also for denying something because of some reason.
やせているからと言って、体が弱いとは限らない。
Just because you’re thin doesn’t mean you’re weak
61
～となったら・～となれば・～となると
once / when something happen.
It is used to express possibility if something comes into existence or reality, ~
無人島に二人で大時間住むこととなったら、楽しいなろう。
It would be fun if two people lived on a desert island for a long time.
62
～ものなら
if ~ at all; if one can do something.
If something is possible, one can try or want to do it
この数学の問題は一人で解けるものなら、じゃちょっとやってみてください。
If this math problem can be solved by yourself, then give it a try..
63
～（よ）うものなら
if one chooses to; if one happens to
If someone do ~, it will result in some bad thing.
山道が危ない。それで雨の日に登山しようものなら、大けがをするだろう
The mountain path is dangerous. So if you try to climb a rainy days, you’ll be seriously injured.
64
～ないことには
unless you do something
It something is not done, ~is not going to happen.
オンラインで見かける人がどんな人か、これは実際会って見ないことには、よくわからない。
You won’t know what kind of person he is to whom you meet online, unless you actually meet him.
65
～抜きにしては・～抜きで
ignoring；without; leaving out; cutting out; dispensing with
冗談を抜きにして、この会議は次へ続けてください。
Please continue this meeting without any joke.
66
～抜きにしては・～抜きで
ignoring；without; leaving out; cutting out; dispensing with
インタネットを抜きにして、この時代に企業が成功するないだろう。
Without the Internet, companies will not succeed in this era.
67
～としても・～にしても・～にしろ・～にせよ
even if; regardless of; whether ….or
Whatever may be the fact, it will not affect the speaker feeling.
親元を離れるとしても、できるだけ親の近くに住むほうがいい
Even if you leave your parents, it is better to live as close to your parents as possible
68
～ものだから・～もので
so, therefore, the reason for something
Mostly used for giving excuses or explanation.
「なぜ遅刻したのですか」「すみません、事故で電車が止まってしまったものですから。」
“Why were you late?” “Sorry, because the train stopped because of an accident.”
69
～あまり・あまりの～に
so much …..that / because the degree is too high
Since something is too much, that something unusual happens.
演説大会で、緊張のあまり、何も言わなくなった。
At the speech contest, I was so nervous that I said nothing.
70
～につき
ecause of; due to; per; each
“Due to some reason, the current situation arise” this is to tell to the publicly or officially.
会議室は今掃除中につき、ご利用になりません。
The meeting room is currently being cleaned so it will not be used.
71
～ことだし
since; because
There are other reasons as well, anyhow due to ~ this is happened / has to do.
来月はクリスマスであることだし、家の中の大掃除をしなくちゃ。
It’s Christmas next month, so I have to clean the house.
72
～のことだから
because; since ~
Considering the usual attitude and the personality, something can be guessed.
マリアさんのことだから、今回N1にも合格するでしょう。
Since she is Maria, she will pass N1 this time.
73
～だけに
being the case; precisely because; as one would expect; only due to~
品質がいいだけにこの商品の値段が高い。
The price of this product is high because of its good quality.
74
～ばかりに
just because; simply because, simply on account of ~ (negative result)
お金がないばかりに、留学することが出来なかった。
I couldn’t study abroad just because I had no money.
75
～からには・～以上（は）・～上は
as, since
It is used to express that for some reason it is natural / obvious to do / or not to do something.
やると決めたからには最後まで頑張るつもりです。
Since I decided to do it, I will do my best to the end.
76
～がたい
hard to; difficult to
まさか、彼女があの事故から奇跡的に生き延びた何て信じがたい話だ
Certainly, It’s hard to believe that she miraculously survived the accident.
77
～わけにはいかない・～わけにもいかない
must not, cannot afford to, can’t very well
“because a certain state of mind exist, ~cannot be done”. Not used to mean that something cannot be done for reason of inability, but indicates that although the speaker wishes to act ~ , he is held back by fear of offending social norms, or by personal reservations. The subject is usually the first person.
明日は大事な試験があるから休むわけにはいかない。
I can’t take a rest tomorrow because I have an important exam.
78
～かねる
unable to do something; can’t do something
It used when something is not possible from the speaker’s place.
私自身も同じ船に乗るかどうかは決めかねたが、社長が勧められて、結局乗ることに決心した。
myself too could not decide whether or not to board the same ship, but the president recommended me and eventually decided to board.
79
～ようがない
There is no way to, its impossible to
手紙に彼の住所が書いてない、これで返事を出しようがない。
His address is not mentioned in the letter, so I can’t send reply.
80
～どころではない
this is not the time/occasion for; …is out of the question, (strongly emphatic) too preoccupied or busy to even think of … ; not the time for; not the place for;
It is used to express that something is not up to certain level but actually it is more than that.
鼻水が出るので風邪かなと思っていたが、ただの風邪どころではなく、肺炎だった。
I thought I had a cold because I had a runny nose, but I had pneumonia, not just a cold.
81
～得る/～得ない
can; to be able to; is possible to / cannot; not able to; is not possible to
Mostly うる is used when there is assistance verb.
新型コロナウイルスはだれでもかかりうる病気だ。
The new coronavirus is a disease that anyone can get.
82
～にしては
considering it’s (something or someone)
It expresses that something when think from certain circumstances or standards, is different from expectation.
あの人は70歳にしては、ずいぶん元気であると見える。
That person for the age 70, seems to be quite active.
83
～だけ（のことは）ある
no wonder; its not surprising that; something is due to ~
It is used to express that in ~situation / state, it is expected or it is as per situation or state.
立派なバイクだ。価格が高いだけのことはある
It’s a great bike. No wonder the price is high.
84
～にしたら・～にすれば・～にしてみれば・～にしても
from one’s perspective of ; from the point of view
親にしたら、息子は医者になったのは嬉しいだろう
If you were a parent, you would be happy that your son became a doctor.
85
～きり・～っきり
only, just, since, after
It is used to express that after some action, the same status continues. It means just, only etc when placed after noun.
彼女と別れたきり、一度も会っていない
I haven’t seen her since we broke up.
86
～あげく
to end up; in the end; finally; after all~
After doing something a lot, finally disappointing results comes.
二時間待たされたあげく、結局電車が着いた
After waiting for two hours, the train eventually arrived.
87
～末（に）
finally; after; following; at the end / conclusion of
数回に及ぶ議論の末、新しい商品の発売日を定めることにした。
After several discussions, we decided to set the launch date for new products.
88
～ところだった
was just about to do something, something almost happened
It is used to express that something is about to happened or do, but it was good / bad that it didn’t happen or do.
駅のホームで押されて、あやうく線路に落ちるところだった。
Pushed down at the platform of the station, dangerously I was almost fall on the railroad track.
89
～ずじまいだ
never; did not (have the chance to do)
It expresses that in the end, still could not do something. Often used to express regret.
いろんな人に聞いて見たが、結局、別れた恋人の連絡先はわからずじまいだった。
I asked a lot of people, but in the end, I didn’t know the contact information of the lover who left.
90
まで・～までして・～てまで
even; will go far so as to~
It expresses that even after something would go to its extreme, something will be done or not.
親を悲しませるようなことをしてまで、そんな勝手なことをしたくない。
Up to making my parents sad, I don’t want to do such selfish things
91
～として～ない
not even one
It used to deny something up to lowest limit.
彼の議論にだれ一人として反対できなかった。
No one could oppose his argument.
92
～てでも
even if I have to ; by all means
It expresses that something which is not happening as normally, then doing something by using another method.
彼が仕事を辞めたいと言ったら、課長は高給料を払ってでも会社を辞めないようにしている。
When he says he wants to quit his job, the chief is trying to stop him from leaving the company even if he has to pay him high salary
93
～とみえる
it seems that …..
To think / seem something on some ground.
朝からテレビを見るなんて、ずいぶん暇だと見える。。
Watching TV from the morning seems like you have a lot of free time.
94
～かねない
(someone) might do something; something might happen; might / is possible .
It express that there is a possibility for something bad outcome.
天気予報によると、今年は去年のような大台風が来かねない。
According to the weather forecast, a big typhoon like last year could come this year.
95
～恐れがある
It is feared that, to be in danger of , to be liable to
この薬は副作用のおそれがあるので注意しなければならない。
Care should be taken as this drug may have side effects.
96
～まい
will not; will probably not; intend not to; must not
何度も練習したのだから、スピーチには間違いがあるまい。
I’ve practiced many times, so there will not be mistake in my speech.
97
～ではあるまいか
I wonder if it’s not…
このまま何もしないでいたら、いつまでも問題は解決しないのではあるまいか。
wonder if the problem will never be solved if nothing is done.
98
～に決まっている
: surely, must be, I’m sure/certain that, ….must be the case,
It is used in the sense that something is expected / decided / fixed / sure. It shows strong belief, surety.
「そんなのうそに決まっている、信じられない」
“That much of lie is sure, I can’t believe it.”
99
～ものだ
1.used to do something
2. of course (state an obvious fact); normally; in general;
3. Exclamation (expresses deep emotions)
We usually use ～ものだ to state an obvious fact, or to say something used to do in past, or to say that something feels, impress or amaze extremely.
祖父は生きていたころは、親戚がよくこの田舎の家に集まったものだ。
When my grandfather was alive, relatives were used to often meet in our hometown house.
100
～ものではない
shouldn’t do something ; it’s impossible to do something
まだ子供だから大人の映画を見るものではない。
You are still a kid so you shouldn’t watch adult movies.
101
～というものだ
something like….; something called…..
As per the common sense, something is exactly ~
相手の苦しさにもかかわらず自分の主張だけ通そうとするなんて、それはわがままというものだ。
It is selfish to try to make your own claims despite the suffering of the other person.
102
～にすぎない
no more than; just; only; merely
調査では、ハンバーグを全く食べないと答えた人は30％に過ぎなかった。
Not more than 30% of the respondents in the survey said they didn’t eat hamburgers at all.
103
～にほかならない
Nothing but; none other than~
将来この国を守るのは、若い君たちにほかなりません
It is none other than young people who will protect this country in the future.
104
に越したことはない
it’s best that, nothing can be better than
給料は高くなくてもいいが、高いに越したことはない。
It is okay even if the salary is not high, but nothing is better than to be high.
105
～（よ）うではないか
let’s do (something); why don’t we
環境問題に関して考えてみようではないか。
Let’s think about environmental issues.
106
～ことだ
Should / should not
It is used at the time of giving advice. It is also used to express that really something is there (which is surprising, emotion, irony etc)
この場所は危険な場所なので、入らないことだ
This place is a dangerous place so should not enter.
107
～（よ）うか～まいか
whether or not; considering
難しそうな試験なので、合格しようかするまいかかだいぶ困ったが、結局合格してしました。
It was a difficult test, so I was in big worry that whether I would pass or not, but finally I passed.
108
～てしかたがない・～てしょうがない
1. very; extremely
2. can’t be helped / it is inevitable
To feel something is extreme.
最近田舎の郵便局に転勤してしまいました。近所にスーパーがないので、不便でしかたがない。
Recently I have been transferred to a post office in the rural area. It’s very inconvenient because there is no supermarket in the neighborhood.
109
～てたまらない
very, extremely, can’t help but do
This is used to express strong emotions, desire, senses which speaker can’t be stand with.
クーラーが壊れてしまい。暑くてたまらない。
The cooler is broken. It’s unbearably hot.
110
～てならない
very, extremely, (can not help/ resist from doing / happening)
It is used to express that the feelings, emotions, desire are extremely ~. It is further revised expression of ～てたまらない.
111
～ないではいられない・～ずにはいられない
can’t help but feel; can’t help but do~
By somehow can not hold from doing / happening.
この店の料理はとても辛い。ちょっと食べたら、水を飲まずにはいられない。
The food at this restaurant is very spicy. After eating a little, I can’t help drinking water.
112
～ないわけにはいかない
must, have no choice but to
Due to certain circumstances, something has to (do) ~.
行くと約束したからには、いかないわけにはいかない。
I can’t help going because I promised to go.
113
～ざるを得ない
cannot help (doing); have no choice but to
Don’t want to do something, but due to the certain circumstances, there is no choice but to do ~/ something can’t be avoided.
ほかに食べ物がなかったので、インスタントラーメンを食べざるを得なかった。
There was no other food, so I had to eat instant noodles.
114
～たいものだ・～てほしいものだ
I want; I would like to / I want you to; I would like you to
将来はこんな日本社に働きたいものだなあ。
I would like to work for such a Japanese company in the future.
115
～ないものか
can’t we….; can’t I …; could it be that ~; might it be that
どうにかにして、父のガンは治らないものか
Can my father’s cancer be cured somehow?
116
～ものがある
there is such a thing; to be the case that; feels like~
彼女の演技には、人の心を動かすものがある。
There is something in her acting which moves people’s hearts.
117
～ことだろう・～ことか
how…!; what…!
久しぶりに私たちこうやって再会できたことが、どんなに嬉しいことか。
How glad we were to meet again after a long time.
