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History power and the People Paper 2 > JT Workers movement > Flashcards

JT Workers movement Flashcards

1
Q

why did things change for workers after industrial revolution (4)

A 
1 because machines could do their work they became 
2 more vulnerable to ecconomic depression 
3 class division rose between worker and employers
4 fear of workers rising up
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2
Q

what were workers guilds

A

group of skilled tradesmen who organised pay and conditions

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3
Q

how were businesses set up before industrial revolution

A

cottage industry, small businesses owners working in workshop with employees so good conditions

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4
Q

how did industrial revolutui change things

A

worked moved to factories if people werent happy about pay and conditions they were asked to leave

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5
Q

who were luddites

A

groups who deliberatly broke machinery hoping owner wouldnt turn to technology

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6
Q

a similar group to luddites

A

swing rioters - oppossed to threshing machines in farming

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7
Q

how did workers help themselves (3)

A

friendly societies - paid in each week and drew out when hard times
trade unions - to control quality and price
violence - destroy machines that took their jobs

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8
Q

who was robert owen

A

organised GNCTU union of all trades

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9
Q

was GNCTU successful (3)

A

no but worried government some employers made workers sign pledge not to be in a union
different worker had different issues -
there was conflict between the groups which weekend unions

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10
Q

who were tolpuddle martys

A

farm workers formed a union when tried to cut wages. Leaders were arrested for getting members to sighn secret oath. government were worried so dealt with harshlysent the to Australia - people protested so government reversed decision - this helped union movement.

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11
Q

what were combination acts

A

stopped groups of workers coming together to form a union

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12
Q

what happened in 1824

A

group strikes forced government to respond

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13
Q

how did government respond in 1824 to group strikes

A

passed combination act saying existing unions could only hold meetings to discuss pay and conditions

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14
Q

what was purpose of combination act

A

to stop threat and intimidation of workers, picketers - it weakened trade unions

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15
Q

what happened in 1837with glasgo cotton spinners union

A

strike because of wages became violent - ran out of money and leaders were arrested

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16
Q

what was significance of tolpuddle martrys (3)

A 
1 campaign to release them organised by worker coming together to demand justice
2 it demonstrated working class could infulence
3 many involved in freeing tolpuddle martys got involved with chartism and co operatives making life better for ordinary people
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17
Q

what happened to mines during ww1 why

A

owned by government who increased wages and improved conditions

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18
Q

what happened to mines after war

A

given back to mine owners demand for coal dropped because of reparation so mine owners dropped wages increased hours

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19
Q

what was TUC response to mine owners after ww1

A

4th may 1926 called a general strikerailway workers, dockers, miners and other workers went on strike

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20
Q

was 1926general strike a sucess why

A

no government had prepared ended after 9 days

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21
Q

what was the impact of general strike 1926

A

union membership fell

labour party was weakend due to association with unions

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22
Q

4 reasons for general strike 1926

A

germany paying reparation in coal
mine owners change pay and day
industrialisation of machinery
men returned from war looking for work

23
Q

how did government repond to 1926 general strike

A

1 spent 9 months preparing
2recruited volunteers
3 armed forces gave out food
4 used radio to persuade people to go back to work
5 convinced nation to turn against strikers
6 church said it was a sin

24
Q

how did strikers respond to government in 1926 general strike (3)

A

started peacefully but then became violent - fight with police
derailed flying scotsman

25
Q

how did 1926 general strike end

A

1 TUC secretly negotiated with miners and government government refused all demands.
13th May 1926 TUC called return to work miners had to accept pay cut and increased hours, those who were violent got black listed

26
Q

what was impact of 1926 general strike (4)

A

1 trade dispute act banned mass picketting
2 union membership fell
3 employers gained more controll over workers
4 showed solidaritary of working classes

27
Q

what happened to unions after ww11 why

A

1 union membership rose
2 nationalisation of industries meant many workers worked for government and they found it easy to negotiate better pay and conditions

28
Q

what happened in 70s and 80s

A

more frequent large strikes and government usually gave in

29
Q

what did margret thatcher do in 1982 (4)

A

1 introduced laws to reduce union power
2 ban flying pickets to stop workers from one industry picketing in another dispute
3 restrict close shop - where you had to be in a union to work in the factory
4vmoney for secret ballots stopped members being intimidated by show of hands vote
5 fined unions for losses caused by unlawful strikews

30
Q

what was the turning point for thatchers government

A

1985 miners strike

31
Q

what caused the 1985 miners strike

A

government announced itwas closing unproductive pits

32
Q

how did government ensure they were succvesful in 1985 (4)

A

anticipated the strike
stockpiled coal
changed from coal to other forms
sent police to prevent striking miners picketing working pits

33
Q

what was outcome of miners strike

A

1 public supported miners and sent food
2 miners returned to work after a year gaining nothing
3 trade union power reduced

34
Q

how did workers help themselves

A

friendly societies - pd in each week and drew out if hit hard times
trade unions- controled quality and price
violence - weavers destroyed machines doing their job - ludites

35
Q

who was robert owen

A

organised grand national consolidated trade union GNCTU - union of all trades

36
Q

was GNCTU sucessful - why

A

no it failed but worried government - some employers forced workers to sign a pledge not to join a union

37
Q

who were the Tolpuddle Martrs

A

farm workers eho formed a unionwhen they tried to cut their wages. The leader ws arrested for getting members to sign a secret oath - the governmetn were worried so dealt with them hrshlysending them to Australia. Public protested and government reversed decsion - this helped union movement

38
Q

how were mines run in WW1

A

by government they raised wages and improved conditions

39
Q

what happened to mines after WW1

A

given back to mine owners - demand for coal dropped (cheaper to import reparation) owners decreased wages increased hours.

40
Q

what was TUC reaction to privitisation of mines

A

called general strike may 4th 1926miners railway workers and dockers went on strike supported by other workers

41
Q

was 1926 general stike a success - why

A

no government had prepared army did the work, government turned public againsr strikers ended after 9 days.

42
Q

what was the impact of 1926 general strike (3)

A

union membership fell
labour party weakeend because of association with union
support for strikes fell

43
Q

4 reasons for 1926 general strike

A

men returned from war looking for work
mine owner changed pay and day
industrialised machines
germany paying reparation in coal

44
Q

How did governement prepare for the strike (6)

A 
spent 9 months preparing
recruited volumteers
armed forces gave out food
used radio to persuade to go back to work
turned nation against the strike
church declared it a sin
45
Q

howmdid strikers behave in 1926 general strike (4)

A

initially peaceful, became more violent fighting with police
derailed flying scotsman
many were communists wanting to overthrow government

46
Q

how did 1926 general strike end

A

TUC secretly negotiated with miners but government refused demands May 26th TUC called a return to work and they had to accept pay cut and rise in hours those who had been violent were blacklisted

47
Q

impact of 1926 General strike

A

showed solidaritory of working class
trade dispute act banned mass picketting
1/2 million left union
employers gained more controll over workers

48
Q

what happened after WW2

A

union membership rose again, many industries owned by government and workers found it easier to press for pay and conditions

49
Q

what happened in 70s and 80s

A

more and bigger strikes government usually gave in

50
Q

what did margret thatcher do

A

introduced laws to limit union power
ban flying pickets - banning pickets from one industry picketing another
restrict closed shop - where you had to be a union member to work in the factory
fined unions for losses cause by unlawful strikes

51
Q

what happened in 1985

A

miners strike

52
Q

why did 1985 miners strikes happen

A

government proposed to close unprofitable mines and predicted strikes

53
Q

how did government prepare for 1985 miners strike

A

stockpiled coal
some power stations changed from coal to other energy
sent police to prevent striking miners picketting working pits

54
Q

outcome of 1985 miners strike

A

miners supported by public who sent food
miners returned to work after a year having gained nothing
unions never been as strong since

History power and the People Paper 2 (29 decks)

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