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Judaism Flashcards

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0
Q

Rabbi

A

Jewish religious leader. The term literally means “teacher” or “scholar”

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1
Q

Ethical monotheism

A

Foundational principle of Judaism that encapsulates three main ideas; the need to ..
recognize only one God
act appropriately toward God
act appropriately toward other people

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2
Q

Bar/bat mitzvah

A

“son/daughter of the commandment”
Refers to Jewish girl/boy reaching age of a religious adult (boy13, girl12)
Name of the ceremony held to celebrate

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3
Q

Torah

A

“The Law”

Refers to the first books of the Hebrew bible. However, the word can also be used to denote all Jewish religious texts and all Jewish law.

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4
Q

Jewish definition of God

A 
Created the universe
Has no physical form 
Needs no proof of existence
Is the only God
Has no gender
Is always present
Knows everything
Exists eternally
Judges fairly and mercifully
Is holy and perfect
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5
Q

Tanakh

A

Refers to three sets of religious texts - “the law” (Torah), “the prophets”, and “the writings” that constitute the Hebrew bible.

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6
Q

Ashkenazi

A

A Jew of central or Eastern European descent. More than 80% of Jews today.
They preserve Palestinian traditions and some still use Yiddish

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7
Q

Sephardi

A

Middle East and North Africa
A Jew of Spanish or Portuguese descent. They retain their own distinctive customs and rituals, preserving Babylonian Jewish traditions.

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8
Q

Yiddish

A

Language spoken by Jews in central/Eastern Europe before holocaust.
Today mainly in US, Israel and Russia

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9
Q

Yud-Hay-Vav-Hay

** YHVH

A

“To be” the eternal nature of God.

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10
Q

Midrash

A

Interprets the Torah with an emphasis on everyday life.

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11
Q

Talmud

A

“Oral Torah”
Historical collection of rabbinical writings and commentaries on the Torah
Mishnah: oral law
Gemara: commentaries
Legal decisions/ interpretations
Clarify and amplify the commands of the Torah.

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12
Q

Mishnah

A

Is a compendium of opinions and teachings on the Talmud

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13
Q

Gentiles

A

Non-Jews

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14
Q

Laws of Noah

A 
Set up courts of justice
Refrain from blasphemy 
Refrain from idolatry (one true God)
Refrain from sexual immorality 
Refrain from committing bloodshed
Refrain from robbery 
Refrain from eating the flesh of a live animal
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15
Q

Mitzvot

A

Commandments of God found in the Torah

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16
Q

Essenes

A

Created a quasi-monastic movement on the edges of Jewish society. They focused on ritual purity, small communities and spiritual discipline.

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17
Q

Zealots

A

Hoped to drive Romans from Israel and reinstate a Jewish state. Led uprisings against Rome and suffered a dramatic defeat at Masada in 73 ce
(Romans demolished the 2nd temple)

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18
Q

Sadducees

A

Came from among the priestly Levites and emphasized the need for temple sacrifice and following the written Torah.
They rejected the oral Torah & questioned life after death.

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19
Q

Pharisees

A

Devoted to the idea that anyone, not just priests, could become holy.
Applied the laws of ritual cleanness to everyone.
defended the oral Torah as a relevant part of Jewish tradition

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20
Q

Diaspora

A

Jews exiled from Israel to live around the world.

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21
Q

Hasidim

A

Members of a mystical and pietistic in Judaism

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22
Q

Haskalah

A

Hebrew word for the Jewish enlightenment.

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23
Q

What does it mean to be the chosen ones?

A

God chose Jews as his chosen people, but they chose God too through free will.
Jews must follow stricter commandments (and sometimes suffer more) than Gentiles do.

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24
Rabbinic Judaism
Emphasized that all people, not just priests, can achieve ritual purity and holiness by following god's commandments as set out in the Torah. Humans have the opportunity to interpret the commandments through the Talmud Sacrificial worship replaced with prayers
25
What crucial event happened prior to the Jewish diaspora?
Roman legions crushed an Israelite uprising (zealots) in 70 ce, and destroyed the second temple leaving nothing but the western wall. Jews were exiled. Roman army forces them to leave their historic land of Israel & the city of Jerusalem
26
Shabbat
Hebrew word for sabbath, the day of rest
27
Eruv
Symbolically contained space within which observant Jews may move about, even on the sabbath
28
Shema
A prayer that reminds Jews to remember God and the commandments at all times
29
Amidah
Jewish prayer made up of 19 sections and includes praise, request, and thanksgiving.
30
Kaddish
Prayer used to express the hope that the world will become holy and that god's will may be done.
31
Kashrut
Set of Jewish dietary laws
32
Kosher
The appropriate kind of food to be consumed according to Jewish dietary laws Eg. no camels or rabbits Birds and mammals must be killed in accordance with Jewish law Meat cannot be eaten with dairy, including cross contaminated utensils All blood must be drained. Certain parts may not be permitted
33
Passover
Commemorates the exodus from Egypt Jews avoid bread and grain products Passover usually overlaps with Easter
34
Kabbalah
Refers to a tradition that offers mystical insight into Judaism Begins after age 40 when a person has already learned the traditions of rabbinic Judaism Belief in reincarnation
35
Sefirot
10 attributes through which God is revealed
36
Ancient Hebrews
No idea of an immortal soul By the sweat of your brow you will eat your food until you return to the ground, Since from it you were taken; for dust you are and to dust you will return.
37
Maccabees
Believed in resurrection and advocated prayer for the dead - possible physical resurrection
38
Beliefs around deaths
Focussed on the present Similar to Christian heaven Reincarnate (Kabbalah) Wait the coming of messiah & resurrection of dead
39
Relationships
Mutual obligations Scriptures tell of the development of these relationships Disagreement over nature of obligations (absolute or changing)
40
Nature of God
``` God exist and is one: Shema He is the creator of everything He is all seeing, all knowing and all powerful. He is eternal He is just, he is merciful ```
41
Five Books of Moses
``` Genesis Exodus Leviticus Numbers Deuteronomy ```
42
The Hebrew bible (Tanakh)
Torah (Law) : 5 Books of Moses Nevi'im (prophets) : 19 books Kethuvim (writings) : 11 books
43
Prophets
``` Joshua Judges Samuel Kings Isaiah Jeremiah Ezekiel The Twelve Teachings (often in poetry) ```
44
Writings
``` Prayers (psalms) Stories (Ruth, etc) Love poetry (song of songs) Proverbs Philosophy and theology (Ecclesiastes, job) Lament over Jerusalem (Lamentations) Apocalypse (Daniel) ```
45
Human nature
No set belief (dogma) Created in likeness of God (ability to understand and discern) Blessed by freedom of choice The body and pleasure is good (wine, lawful intercourse, food, dance, music etc)
46
Nature of sin
Humans are capable of good and evil Good impulse and evil impulse (moral conscience) Evil impulse conceived as selfish nature with regard for moral consequence Evil seen as alienation from God, self and from nature and disobedience of gods commands.
47
Jewish mysticism
Kabbalah God is known only by what God is not A major paradox. How can we, who are finite, understand God, who is infinite
48
Jewish practice: a way of life
Halakah: Judaic law and observance All acts take on religious significance Practice more central than doctrine
49
Rosh Hashanah
Jewish new year Happy, festive holiday Yearly re-coronation of God as king of the world Time to look back at the past yet and make resolutions
50
Yom Kippur
Day of atonement, a day of fasting and repentance for mistakes Usually in late September or early October
51
Chanukkah
Festival of Lights, commemorating the rededication of the temple in Jerusalem Light candles with the family
52
Modern Jewish movements
Orthodox Conservative Reformed
53
Orthodox Jewish movement
Most traditional. Commitment to Jewish law as interpreted by traditional rabbinic authority No centralized institution structure Variety of ideological types: scholarly, mystical, Zionist, and anti-Zionist etc
54
Conservative Jewish movement
Ideologically liberal but traditional in practice Commitment to Jewish peoplehood: Judaism is an evolving historical culture, as well as theology and ritual system. Bound by halakhah, but interpret it more flexibly than the orthodox
55
Reformed Jewish movement
Least traditional. Originally commited to defining Judaism as a theological and ethical system, without ritual or nationalist components Reject binding authority of tradition. Central ideals are important but specific implementations evolve from age to age. Tradition must be adapted to modern needs and standards
56
Abraham
Called to leave home by God Father of the Jews Became enslaved in Egypt His children would become a great nation, be enslaved and be liberated
57
Moses
Communicated with God through Torah History of humanity from creation to Moses Revelation of Torah at mount Sinai
58
Resettling and temple focussed period
God acted and spoke through prophets Possession of the promised land - Canaan Jerusalem became capital Animals, grains and oil sacrificed to God
59
Broken kingdom
Split in two - Israel and Judah Prophets warned against idolatry (warships other than God) 722 BCE. Assyria conquered Israel and exiled its people 596 BCE. Judeans were exiled to Babylonia
60
Periods of exile
``` Exiled by God will for idolatry, social injustice and moral corruption Belief that God ruled the world Messiah Belief that The exile was temporary End of prophecy ```
61
Diaspora
Return to Judea in early 500 BCE but ruled by Greeks and Romans Rebellion against roman rule Destruction of temple
62
Holocaust and Zionism
Pogroms in Christian Europe & Russia WWII German nazis created program of extermination (6million Jews) Zionism was a Jewish movement beginning in the nineteenth century to establish a Jewish state predicted on the vulnerability of Jews living in diaspora
63
Israel
Britain established Israel in Palestine in 1948 | Long standing Arab Israeli conflict

Religious Studies (5 decks)

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