Judaism Practices Flashcards
(86 cards)
1
Q
What is a Syangogue?
A
House of Assembly for Prayer, Worship and Study
2
Q
What is a Minyan?
A
A group of 10 adults you need to have to say certain prayers
Orthodox- Men over 13
Reform- Anyone over 12/13
3
Q
Beit T’filah
A
House of Prayer
4
Q
Why do all synagogues look different?
A
No rules about what it should look like
Nature of Community
Age of Community
Usually Magen David
5
Q
What is the Importance of the Synagogue?
A
Forms the centre if the Jewish Community Celebrates Bar/Bat Mitzvahs Proves a house of Study Charity events Social gatherings
6
Q
Quote about the Synagogue
A
“Build me a sanctuary so I may dwell amongst you”
7
Q
Aron Hakodesh
A
The Holy Ark Faces Jerusalem Contains Torah Scrolls Congregation stands when Open Central No Law on what it should look like Symbolises the Ark of the covenant
8
Q
The Bimah
A
Torah read Prayers Led Announcements made Symbolises courtyard in temple Central in Orthodox Front in Reform
9
Q
Siddur
A
Jewish Prayer book Contains G-D's Name Kiss when you open, close or drop it Buried in cemetery when old/ruined Different according to denominations Collection of prayers
10
Q
Menorah
A
Lit every day in the Temple
Symbol of Israeli Government
11
Q
Ner Tamid
A
Everlasting Light over the Ark
Symbolises G-D’s eternal Presence
12
Q
Torah Scroll
A
5 Books of Moses
No Vowels
Fast for 3 Days if dropped
Cannot touch without Yad
13
Q
Orthodox Judaism
A
Traditional
Only form of Practice until 18th Century
Importance of obeying G-D’s instructions
Different roles for men and women
14
Q
Reform Judaism
A
Progressive Judaism
Religion should change to adapt to modern life
Overall Moral code should be obeyed rather than each individual law
Equality for Men and Women
15
Q
Public Worship
A
Pray 3 times a day
Led by a Rabbi or a Cantor
16
Q
Orthodox Services
A
Leader has back to Congregation Service in Hebrew Singing Unaccompanied Men and Women are Separate to avoid sexual thoughts Men cover head Married Women wear a hat
17
Q
Reform Services
A
Celebrate Shabbat and Festivals Men and Women sit together Leader faces Congregation Women can perform all rituals Shorter but Structured Conducted in Hebrew and National Language Singing with Instruments
18
Q
Tallit
A
Prayer Shawl
Obeying G-D’s Word
19
Q
Tefillin
A
Pair of Black leather boxes on forehead and upper arm
Total Concentration on G-D
20
Q
Format of Services
A
Opening Prayers vary depending on service
Shema
Amidah- 18 Blessings
3 Blessings- Praise G-D
13 Blessings- 6 for self, 6 for community, 1 for acceptance of prayers
Followed by Torah Reading
Aleinu Prayer thanking G-D
21
Q
Importance of Prayer
A
Communicating with G-D
Closer to G-D
Strengthens Community
22
Q
What is Shabbat?
A
Gift from G-D- Day of rest Worship G-D and enjoy family life Friday Night to 3 Stars in Sky on Saturday Reminder of the Covenant No work done
23
Q
Quote about Shabbat
A
“Remember the Sabbath day and Keep it holy”
24
Q
Shabbat Services
A
Friday- 45 Mins with Kiddish
Saturday Morning- Prayers, Blessings, Torah Portion, Sermon
25
Saturday Service
Torah Held in front of congregation while verses are said
Paraded round- touch with tzitzit or siddur and then to their lips
Read from the Bimah and Paraded again before going back in the Ark
Sermon
26
Preparing for Shabbat
House is Cleaned
Food Prepared
Smart Clothes Worn
Table set with best Cutlery and Crockery and 2 Candles
Wine. Grape Juice and 2 Challa's Covered with Cloth
27
Wine
Symbolises Joy and Celebration
28
Challah
Manna
29
Lighting Candles
Female lights candles
| Cover eyes and say a blessing
30
Friday Meal
Kiddush Blessing
Wash hands
Blessing Over Challah
Songs and Prayers
31
Havdalah
Blessings over Wine
Sweet Spices
Candle with Several Wicks
32
Worship in the Home
Stand to Pray
Mezuzah
Kashrut Kitchen
33
Tenakh
The Written Law
| 24 Books
34
What does the Tenakh contain?
Torah- Five books of Moses
Nevi'im- Prophets. 8 Books on Jewish History
Ketuvim- Writings. 11 Books on Poetry, Stories, Accounts, Advice etc
35
Talmud
The Oral Law
Torah Passed on by Word of Mouth
Rabbi Judah Hanassi wrote it down in 200CE
36
Mishnah
First written Oral Law
Dietary Laws
Marriage
Divorce Shabbat
37
Gemara
Commentary on the Mishnah
38
Importance of Rituals
Faith Preserved and Passed On
| Rites of Passage- Main Life Events
39
Ceremonies Associated with Birth
Naming Ceremony
Brit Milah
Redemption of the Firstborn Son
40
Quote about Birth
"Be fruitful and Multiply"
41
Naming Ceremony
Orthodox Children blessed on first Saturday after Birth
Father recites Torah Blessing to ask for good health for wife and baby
Baby Girl's name will be announced
Boy's announced at Brit Milah
In reform, both parents take part
42
Brit Milah
Removal of the Foreskin from the Penis
| Covenant made with Abraham
43
Brit Milah Ceremony
8 day old boys
Close friend or relative picks up baby and puts them on an empty chair
Mohel picks them up and gives him to the Sandek- Honoured Role given to grandfather
Father blesses son
A blessing is said over the wine and the baby is formally named
Foreskin removed in operation that heals
Family enjoy meal to celebrate
44
Why won't a Bit Milah take place on the 8th day?
If the baby is ill
Shabbat/Festival
Premature
45
Redemption of the Firstborn Son
Orthodox Practice Only
First Born Son required to devote himself to temple
Small sum paid to priests by family to redeem them
Some still hold ceremony- Natural Birth Only
46
Quote about Brit Milah
"You shall circumcise the flesh of your foreskin"
47
Bar Mitzvah
Son of Commandment- age of 13
48
Bat Mitzvah
Daughter of Commandment- age of 12
49
Celebrating a Bar Mitzvah
Boy reads from Torah at first opportunity at normal service
Take classes to prepare
Wear tallit for first time
Leads part of service and gives a short speech
Father declares him responsible
Party and Gifts
50
Celebrating a Reform Bat Mitzvah
Girl reads from Torah
Gives a short speech
Lead Prayers
Meal/Party
51
Celebrating an Orthodox Bat Mitzvah
Family Meal
Small Gifts
Speech/Brief Torah Lesson
52
Marriage
A legal Union between 2 People
53
The importance of Marriage
```
2 Step Process
Betrothal- 12 months of engagement
Wedding
Some orthodox parents pick their children's partners
Spiritual Bond
Experiencing Holiness in everyday life
```
54
Quote about the Importance of Marriage
"Hence a man leaves his father and mother and clings to his wife, so that they become one flesh"
55
Betrothal
Kiddushin
Couple set aside for each other
Cannot be broken except for death or divorce
Couple won't live together
Prepare for future together
Ketubah drawn up
Last Shabbat Service-announces intention to marry
Celebratory Lunch- Last time they see each other before wedding
56
Orthodox Ketubah
Husband's duties to wife
Inheritance upon his death
Couple's children will be supported
Providing for wife in case of divorce
57
Reform Ketubah
Spiritual Aspirations
Hopes for marriage
Promise not to oppose Divorce
58
Quote about Marriage
"It's not good for the man to be alone. I will make a helper suitable for him"
59
Wedding Ceremony
```
Held under Chuppah symbolising couples new home
May fast to cleanse themselves
Bedekken- Checking the Bride
Bride Circles Groom 7 times
Recite 2 Blessings over wine
Vows and rings exchanged
Marriage Contract Signed, read out and given to bride
Sheva Brachat- 7 Blessings
Breaking the glass
Meal/Celebration
```
60
Reform vs Orthodox Vows
Reform-Both
| Orthodox- Man
61
Reform vs Orthodox Circling
Reform- 3 each
| Orthodox- woman 7 times
62
Customs Surrounding Death
Dying person recites Shema
| Tear Clothes
63
Quote about Mourning
"Jacob rent his clothes, put sackcloth on his loins and observed mourning"
64
Shiva
```
7 days of intense mourning
Sit on low chairs
Cover all Mirrors
Don't wash
Don't shave
Food provided
```
65
Shloshim
30 Days Lesser Mourning
No Parties
Return to work
66
Quote about comfort during mourning
"he refused to be comforted"
67
Stone Setting
Headstone 1 year after death
68
The Funeral
```
Takes Place ASAP
Candles lit by body
Carefully washe
Wrapped in linen cloth
Body placed in simple coffin
Prayers said
Mourners shovel earth on coffin
Washes hands to leave death behind
```
69
Kosher
Food that meets the requirements of Jewish Laws
70
Trefah
Food Jews are forbidden to eat
| Torn
71
Dietary Laws
```
Orthodox follow strictly
Reform think it’s optional
Animals must have split hooves and chew the cud
Fish must have scales
No birds of prey
```
72
Kosher Butchers
Healthy animal killed with sharp knife
Cut throat to avoid suffering
Blood drained
Intestines and kidneys removed
73
Jewish Kitchen
```
After meat eaten, several hours have to pass before milk can be eaten
2 Kitchens
2 Sinks
Different Utensils
Difficult in Non- Jewish communities
Label on packaging at supermarkets
```
74
Quote about mixing meat and milk
“You shall not boil a kid in its mother’s milk”
75
Tosh Hashanah
Jewish New Year
76
Yom Kippur
Day of Atonement and fasting on 10th day after Rosh Hashanah
77
Origins of Rosh Hashanah
```
Creation Story Anniversary
Day of Judgment
Decided what the year ahead will hold
All actions have consequences
Reflect and take responsibility for actions
```
78
What can Rosh Hashanah Judgement be influenced by?
Charity
Praying
Atone for sins
79
Celebrating Rosh Hashanah
```
Shofar Blown 30 days before every day
SpecIl forgiveness prayers
Buying fruit not eaten usually
Candles lit before sunset
Festive meal with apples and honey, fish head eaten, pomegranates
Shofar blown 100 times
Long synagogue service
```
80
Origins of Yom Kippur
Holiest day in Calendar
Seals book of judgment
Final Chance to repent
81
Quote about Yom Kippur
“You shall practice self denial”
82
Observing Yom Kippur
```
No work
Fast for 25 hours
Can’t bath, wear leather, or have sex
Wear white
Synagogue all day
Genera confession as community
We is used instead of I
Shofar blown to mark end of fast
```
83
Origins of Pesach
Passover
| Exodus of Jews from Egypt
84
Preparations for Pesach
Remove and burn Chametz from home
Clean homes thoroughly
Some firstborn males fast
85
Sedar
```
Mother lights candles
Red wine
3 Matzo
Seder Plate
Youngest asks 4 questions
```
86
Importance of Pesach
Birth of Jewish Nation
| Gratitude for redemption
