Judaism unit

Question 1

Exile and Return theme

Answer 1

historical narrative of the Jewish people being forced into exile, often due to punishment for their actions, followed by a prophesied return to their land, signifying a restoration of their connection with God and their identity as a people

Ex. Babylonian exile, Roman exile,

Question 2

Reform Judaism

Answer 2

emphasizes the adaptability of Judaism to modern times

Question 3

Orthodox Judaism

Answer 3

branch of Judaism that emphasizes traditional beliefs and practices

Question 4

Hasidism

Answer 4

~sect of ultra-Orthodox Judaism
~ emphasis on emotional spiritual expression and pious devotion

Question 5

Kosher

Answer 5

dietary framework :
~Land animals must have cloven (split) hooves and must chew the cud, meaning that they must eat grass.
~Seafood must have fins and scales. Eating shellfish is not allowed.
~It is forbidden to eat birds of prey. …
~Meat and dairy cannot be eaten together

Question 6

Passover

Answer 6

seder//Holiday where you retell and celebrate the story of the Israelites being freed from slavery in Egypt,

Question 7

Hanukkah

Answer 7

he holiday marks the rededication of the Temple in Jerusalem in the 2nd century BC, after a small group of Jewish fighters liberated it from occupying foreign forces

Question 8

Yom kipur

Answer 8

the Day of Atonement Leading up to and on that day, Jews traditionally ask for forgiveness for our wrongdoings from God and from our fellow human beings

Question 9

Rosh Hashanah

Answer 9

a celebration of the creation of the world and marks making a fresh start. It is a holy day on which Jewish people are not expected to work.

Question 10

What is Zionism?

Answer 10

a movement for (originally) the re-establishment and (now) the development and protection of a Jewish nation in what is now Israel.

Question 11

How/why did Zionism emerge?

Answer 11

started as a nationalistic response to the ‘Jewish question’ // increased violence, emancipation, and anti-semitism in Europe against Jewish people

Question 12

Zohar

Answer 12

Kabbalah literature: commentary on the mystical aspects of the Torah and scriptural interpretations as well as material on mysticism

Question 13

Kabbalah

Answer 13

Jewish mystical philosophy and practice that seeks to understand the universe’s secret meaning

Question 14

The “jewish question”

Answer 14

what should be done about the Jews?

Question 15

political Zionism:

Answer 15

Sought to organize the Jews into a nation-state

Question 16

Revisionist Zionism:

Answer 16

Militaristic form// saw war as an inevitable part of state founding

Question 17

Religious Zionism:

Answer 17

~religious denomination that views Zionism as a fundamental part of Orthodox Judaism.
~based on the idea that Jewish nationality and the establishment of Israel are religious duties from the Torah.

Question 18

10 sephirot:

Answer 18

In Kabbalah, the sefirot are emanations of God that represent aspects of his powers and qualities.

Question 19

Torah

Answer 19

~the ‘‘law’’ or ‘‘teachings’’ of Judaism.
~contains the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, ~Numbers, and Deuteronomy.
~The written Torah is the first part of the Tanakh, the Jewish Hebrew Bible or Christian Old Testament.

Question 20

Tanak

Answer 20

Hebrew Bible // Christian Old Testament

Question 21

collective responsibility theme:

Answer 21

~the idea that all Jews are responsible for each other
~take on the obligation to pay the debt of their fellow Jews
~Ex. the great flood, plagues, exiles: seen as collective punishment

Question 22

Abram // Abraham

Answer 22

he founding father of the covenant, the special relationship between the Jewish people and God—leading to the belief that the Jews are the chosen people of God.

Question 23

Moses

Answer 23

~prophet who led the Israelites out of slavery in the Exodus.
~ considered the most important prophet in Judaism

Question 24

King Solomon

Answer 24

the king of Israel who built the first Temple in Jerusalem

Question 25

When was the original temple destroyed + the Jews exiled from Jerusalem

Answer 25

70 CE

Question 26

What resulted from the exile from jerusalem?

Answer 26

In order to continue the practice of Judaism without the temple: ~Rabbinic Judaism and the tulmud ~Shift from written to oral ~ Mobility and the extension of holiness to family, homes and rabbis

Question 27

Talmud

Answer 27

The Talmud is a collection of texts that includes the Mishnah and the Gemara and is a record of rabbinic debate over the Bible, philosophy, and law:

Question 28

Mishnah

Answer 28

A written compilation of the Oral Torah, created around 200 CE

Question 29

Gemara

Answer 29

A commentary on the Mishnah and related writings, created around 500 CE

Question 30

Zealots

Answer 30

Started the uprising against the Romans

Question 31

Essens

Answer 31

Mystics that are apart of communes in the wilderness

Question 32

Sadduces

Answer 32

upper class priests and aristocrats

Question 33

Pharisees

Answer 33

Jewish sect distinguished by strict observance of the traditional and written law, and commonly held to have pretensions to superior sanctity.

Question 34

Arch of the Covenant

Answer 34

In the Hebrew Bible, the Ark of the Covenant is the large golden chest that carries the tablets the Ten Commandments were written on.

Question 35

Karaite

Answer 35

a small non-Rabbinical Jewish sect characterized by the recognition of the written Tanakh alone as its supreme authority in religious law

Question 36

Halakhah

Answer 36

the comprehensive set of Jewish laws and practices that govern religious observances, daily life, and conduct