Justice

Question 1

Define Justice

Answer 1

Justice imply something which is not only right to do and wrong to do, but also which someone can claim from us as one’s moral right.
Justice denotes for virtuous and moral act or arrangement.
In matter of distribution, it implies giving each person his due or fair share to all

Question 2

Definition of justice by Plato

Answer 2

Justice is harmony of soul and each individual and class performing its duty to best of their abilities and aptitude

Question 3

Definition of justice according to Aristotle

Answer 3

Justice as fairness in distribution of income, wealth, rewards, honours, political offices, punishments etc Based on the principle of equity, proportional and arithmetic equality.

Question 4

Definition of justice according to John Rawl

Answer 4

Justice is fairness in distribution of resources, awards, honours and political offices

Question 5

Who gave the entitlement theory of justice and what is it?

Answer 5

Robert Nozick give the entitlement theory of justice. It means the distribution of holdings in a society is just if everyone in the society is entitled to what he has.

Question 6

Definition of justice by Amartya Sen

Answer 6

Justice by practical reasoning; justice as fair procedure(Niti) vs Justice realized(nyaya)

Question 7

Justice according to JS Mill

Answer 7

Justice as perfect obligation

Question 8

What are the different types of justice?

Answer 8

Procedural justice
Distributive justice
Retributive justice
Restorative justice
Global justice

Question 9

What is procedural justice?

Answer 9

Just is based on just, fair and transparent rules and procedure and institutional arrangement
Formal Justice
Consistent with liberalism

Question 10

What is distributive justice?

Answer 10

Just and fair distribution of goods and services, benefits and rewards.
May also impliy social justice If equality of status, dignity of individual and minimum needs of people are insured by society/community/state
Substantive Justice . Also called end state Justice.
Supported by communitarian, socialist and Communist ideologies

Question 11

What is retributive justice and restorative justice?

Answer 11

Retributive justice-justice is reasonable and proportionate punishment to crime

Restorative justice -repairing the ham cost to the victim and mend a fender to bring back to mainstream

Question 12

Global justice

Answer 12

Where is doing justice beyond Borders of nation- states at international/global level

Question 13

In which book did John Rawl Give the theory of justice.

Answer 13

Theory of justice, 1971

Question 14

What is Rawl’s theory of justice called?

Answer 14

End-state theory of justice

Question 15

In which book did Robert Nozick gave his theory of justice

Answer 15

Anarchy, state and Utopia 1974

Question 16

What is Robert Nozick’s theory of justice called

Answer 16

Entitlement theory of justice

Question 17

In which book did John Rawl attempt to give a theory of global global justice

Answer 17

Law of people, 1993

Question 18

In which book did Amartya Sen give the theory of global justice?

Answer 18

The idea of justice, 2009 

Question 19

How is Rawlsian individual?

Answer 19

Strip down, abstract individual: free and equal rational self interested, but not egoist, individualistic, autonomous, but having sense of justice and conservative risktakers

Question 20

Is Chain connection?

Answer 20

Society’s strength aby strengthening its weakest link

Question 21

Explain Rawl’s theory of justice

Answer 21

His idea of justice was the outcome of rules and institutional framework for distribution of primary social goods of an imaginary social contract among rational individuals who come together to frame the rules of Socio political arrangement for the society

Despite each individual having his own conception of good life and personal moral values, they arrived at just procedure and fair rules of distributive justice, for sharing primary social goods, solely on the basis of their innate sense of reason and rationality.
It is a blend of procedural and distributive justice

Question 22

Who was the pioneer of modern or positive liberalism

Answer 22

John Rawl r

Question 23

What is libertarianism?

Answer 23

It was a revival of classical liberalism. It considered right to property sacrosanct rejected any redistribution of wealth by government, give primacy to liberty over any other normative value and supported a minimal state.

Question 24

Explain Robert Nozick’s theory of justice AKA entitlement theory

Answer 24

His theory of justice is based on simple and straightforward logic. It claims that even acquisition, transfer and transaction of property has been done in just manner. The resultant pattern of distribution of properties also just hence the state has no right to forcibly change the pattern of distribution of property in the name of distributive justice. Any attempt to change the distributive pattern would violate the personal liberty of individual And be futile.
it gave entitlement theory of justice based on fair and just rules for acquisition and transfer of social goods. his theory denoted procedural theory of justice.
The theory conformed to the core libertarian thought of protecting personal liberty at any cost inviolability of private property rights and minimalistic state

Question 25

Nightwatchmen State

Answer 25

State should only do maintenance of law and order to protect life, liberty and property of citizen and defence against external attacks. Minimum tax for its bare minimum functions

Question 26

Two principles of justice according to john rawl? Which is more important

Answer 26

Principle of equal liberty Difference principle 1st principle is more important

Question 27

Explain difference principle

Answer 27

Social and economic inequalities should be arranged so that they are both a) the greatest benefit of the lease advantage persons and B ) attached offices and positions open to all under conditions of equality of opportunity(this is the 2nd priority)

Question 28

What is equality principle

Answer 28

Each person has an equal right to the most extensive liberty is compatible with similar liberties for all

Question 29

3 legitimate ways of acquisition according to Robert Nozick

Answer 29

1.Initial acquisition 2. Voluntary Transfer 3. Rectification

Question 30

3 kinda of people by Rawls

Answer 30

Liberal Non liberal decent people Outlaws or burdened people

Question 31

Rawls law of people :8 principles

Answer 31

Principles- 1. People has organised by their governments are free and independent and their freedom and independence is to be the expected by other peoples 2. Peoples are equal and parties to their own agreements 3. People have the right of self defence, but no right to war. 4. People or to observe a duty of non-intervention. 5. People or to observe treaties and undertakings. 6. People or to observe certain specified restrictions on the conduct of war. 7. People are to honour human rights. 8. People have a duty to assist other people living under unfavourable conditions that prevent their having a just a decent, political and social regime

Question 32

Three organisations by John rawl

Answer 32

1. One for ensuring fair trade among people 2. Cooperative banking institution from which people may borrow 3. A confederation of people like UN

Question 33

How did Rawls propose his theory of global justice

Answer 33

Realistic utopia

Question 34

Who gave the capability based theory of justice

Answer 34

Amartya Sen

Question 35

Meaning of niti and nyay

Answer 35

Niti-just rules and institutional fairness Nyay-justice realised Related to Amartya Sen

Question 36

Who gave the feminist theory of justice and in which book

Answer 36

Susan Moller Okin Book - justice, gender and family , 1989 Theory also called the humanist theory of justice

Question 37

Priorities among the principles of justice according to John Rawls

Answer 37

1. first priority to the equality principle 2. Second priority to share equal of opportunity in access to public offices and positions. 3. third priority to the difference principle, -distributive justice to the greatest benefit of the Lisa advantage persons.