Liberty Flashcards
(47 cards)
Who drew up the Atlantic charter?
President Rosevelt and PM Churchill during WW2 1939-45
Chief proponent of negative liberty under the new liberal doctrine
Robert Nozick and friedrick Hayek
Who gave the principle called the harm principle
JS mill.
Everyone must have not just a vote but a voice , who said this
Dworkin
Limitations of freedom of expression in Indian constitution
Article 19(2)
Article 359 suspension of freedom of speech during emergencies
IPC 153 , 259 A and 298
Grounds on which freedom of expression is limited in Indian constitution
Limited on grounds of sovereignty and integrity of India
The security of the state
Friendly relations with foreign states
Public order
Decency or morality
Contempt of court,
defamation or incitement to an offence
Book- word that wound
Richard Degalo
Advocates of negative liberty
- Adam smith
- Jeremy Bentham
- James mill
- Henry sidgwick
- Herpert spencer
- Hobbes
- John Locke
- Isaiah Berlin
Advocates of positive liberty
TH green
LT Hobhouse
HJ Laski
Rouseau
Kant
Hegel
Four foundational normative political values
Justice, equality, rights and liberty
Who advocated the two concept of liberty
Isaiah Berlin
What is negative liberty according to isaiah Berlin?
Negative liberty denotes absence of external, man-made interference, constraints on one’s thoughts and actions.
Negative liberty is core Thought of liberalism.
What is positive liberty according to Isaiah Berlin
Positive liberty denotes self mastery, self control, self directions to realisation, free capacity of the self to choose between good and bad according to Isaiah Berlin.
Gandhi, an idea of Swaraj is also closer to positive liberty
Why did Berlin call positive liberty, a slippery slope?
Because it may lead to majoritarian, authoritarian and totalitarian state
In modern times, who supports positive conception of liberty
Communitarian and socialist and
Communist thinkers support positive conception of liberty
Define negative liberty
It denotes freedom from constraints obstacle. It evolved during 16 century reformation movement in Europe. closely associated doctrine of liberalism, which emerge from the writings of Hobbes and Locke. In the 17th century, Europe infuse liberty as nature, right inviolable, it limits authority of state to interfere in the private affairs of individual.
define positive liberty
Positive liberty denotes freedom to do or achieve something. It makes one capable of achieving something.Positive liberty indicates both mental and physical capability to achieve something good worthy of achieving. it is value Judgemental. In this conception of liberty, the individual self is divided into higher and lower self. Higher self means rational, authentic or true virtuous self and lower self is irrational impulsive. Does unlike negative liberty, the constraints may be internal to the individual in positive conception of liberty.
What is liberty according to
Rousseau
Buy obeying laws emanating from the general will one is gaining freedom in positive sense
What is liberty according to kant
Kant held the view that by obeying laws flowing from the universal moral principles, one is gaining moral freedom
According to Karl Marx, what is True freedom
Political freedom in the arena of superstructure is neither possible Nor meaningful without freedom in the social production process that is the mode of production which he called the base of the society. In nutshell to Marx, Freedom is social production in the base will bring also political freedom in the superstructure
How to achieve human emancipation by Karl Marx
Human emancipation version can be achieved only by changing economic base mode of production. This can happen by having social production system in which each individual contributes freely as per his ability without any compulsion, Constrain, coercion and relate to fellow man is equal.
Such emancipatory, social production will have its own supporting superstructure, politics, law, art, culture, idea, which will further enhance human freedom
It will be possible for me to do one thing today and another tomorrow to hunt in the morning. Fish in the afternoon ,rear cattle in the evening and Criticise after dinner doing just that which gives me pleasure without ever be coming in hunter fisherman shepherd or critic . This is this will be real state of freedom of man from alienation and exploitation.
Who said This
Karl Marx
Who gave a sound theory of taxation
JS mill
Book -Contemporary political thinkers
BC Parekh
Book - Social principles and the democratic state
SI Ben &RS Peters
