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K - Lathes and Knurling Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

What is the name of the indispensable machine tool that has been in existence for a very long time?

A

LATHE

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2
Q

What are lathes fundamentally dedicated for?

A

circular cutting, both external and internal, although they can be combined with other operations.

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3
Q

What are operations on a lathe generically called?

A

TURNING, the workpiece turns around an axis (spinning/rotating)

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4
Q

What is the name of the clamping device that secures the workpiece material and is rotated by the lathe?

A

CHUCK

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5
Q

SINGLE POINT CUTTING TOOL (SPCT)

A

cuts the material; cleaves chips as it is fed into the workpiece

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6
Q

Lathes are generally safer to operate than many _______ _____, because the SPCT doesn’t move at high speed or involve sharp blades.

A

machine tools

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7
Q

What should not be worn when operating a lathe?

A

loose clothing, watch bands, necklaces, etc. can get caught in the spinning chuck and cause horrific injury.

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8
Q

What is another name for a manually operated lathe?

A

ENGINE LATHE

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9
Q

How did the ENGINE LATHE get its name?

A

they were essential to the construction of engines because of the need for precision circular parts such as pistons and drive shafts.

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10
Q

Who mainly uses ENGINE LATHES today?

A

hobbyists and small machine shops

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11
Q

ENGINE LATHES are manually operated by a skilled machinist using the various control ______, ________, and __________

A

levers, switches, and handwheels

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12
Q

anatomy of an ENGINE LATHE.

A

headstock
spindle
chuck
SPCT
tool post
carriage
cross slide
compound rest/top slide
ways
bed
tailstock
quill

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13
Q

This part of the ENGINE LATHE houses the electric motor and a variable-speed transmission.

A

HEADSTOCK

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14
Q

This part of the ENGINE LATHE is the output shaft onto which the chuck is attached.

A

SPINDLE

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15
Q

In the ENGINE LATHE, the SPCT is held by clamping in a ____ ____.

A

TOOL POST

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16
Q

In the ENGINE LATHE, the tool post sits on top of a stack of 3 movable platforms called:

A

CARRIAGE, CROSS SLIDE, COMPOUND REST/TOP SLIDE

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17
Q

The CARRIAGE moves the entire stack longitudinally along the lathe by riding on 2 parallel precision ground rails called:

A

WAYS

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18
Q

WAYS are an integral part of the ___ which forms a heavy, stiff, cast iron supporting base.

A

BED

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19
Q

The _____ _____ is dedicated to moving the TOOL POST transversely across the lathe, perpendicular to the motion of the CARRIAGE.

A

CROSS SLIDE

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20
Q

The ________ ____ moves the tool post along any desired in-plane angular path and is used for cutting tapers.

A

COMPOUND REST (or TOP SLIDE)

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21
Q

What is at the opposite end of the BED from the HEADSTOCK?

A

TAILSTOCK

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22
Q

What is the non-rotating protruding shaft in the engine lathe? It can also be precisely moved in or out of the TAILSTOCK via a handwheel.

A

QUILL

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23
Q

Possible uses for TAILSTOCK

A
  • supplying end support for long workpieces
  • drilling concentric holes
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24
Q

An advantage and disadvantage of engine lathes.

Study These Flashcards
A

ADV- they are very capable machines
DIS- not well suited to a production environment

25
What type of LATHE was developed to address the fact that engine lathes are not well-suited for production?
TURRET LATHE
26
What is the difference between the standard ENGINE LATHE and the TURRET LATHE?
the turret lathe uses a TURRET-STYLE TOOL HOLDER rather than a conventional TOOL POST
27
A 6-sided device with provision for a different tool in each face. It can be pre-loaded with all the tools needed to complete the part, with each one perfectly set to its optimal cutting angle
TURRET
28
The entire ______ can be easily loosened and indexed around to quickly present a different workpiece, before being securely clamped in place.
TURRET
29
Manual TURRET LATHES can be replaced by ___ ______ because they are fully automated versions of ENGINE, TURRET, AND TRACER LATHES.
CNC (computer numerical controls) LATHES
30
Term for TURRET LATHE used in the UK.
CAPSTAN LATHE
31
Where does the term CAPSTAN LATHE come from?
the man-powered nautical anchor winch on sailing vessels (CAPSTAN) that bear a close resemblance to the hardware on a turret lathe.
32
How is the TURRET LATHE able to speed up production?
by making tool swaps quicker
33
This type of lathe is basically the ENGINE LATHE but the tool has been rigged to follow/trace the contour of the pre-cut template.
TRACER LATHE
34
A manually operated ENGINE LATHE is retrofitted with various sensors that provide position data for the cutting tool with respect to the workpiece
ELECTRONIC READOUT
35
What are turning operations possible on a lathe besides an SPCT?
integral tool magazines carousels turrets
36
The digital programming uses an instruction set consisting of sequential operational steps that control the speed, feed rates, tool selection/swaps and cutter motions.
G-CODE
37
CNC MACHINES can be programmed by uploading the G-CODE output from a ___/___ software package, or via ______________ ___________.
CAD/CAM; CONVERSATIONAL PROGRAMMING
38
______ uses a SPCT and involves moving the tool transversely across the lathe BED using the CROSS SLIDE.
FACING
39
A reduction in diameter along the length of a workpiece, performed using a SPCT, but the tool is driven parallel to the BED using the CARRIAGE motion
STRAIGHT TURNING
40
A similar operation to straight turning; used to create a tapered workpiece rather than one of constant diameter.
TAPER TURNING
41
How is TAPERED TURNING achieved?
by moving the SPCT along a path at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the part.
42
What facilitates the motion of the TAPER TURNING?
the COMPOUND REST (or TOP SLIDE) which can be adjusted and clamped at the desired angle.
43
What is the process of separating a finished turned part from that portion that is held in the chuck?
PARTING OFF/CUTTING OFF
44
PROFILING/ CONTOURING is easily performed with what? What makes it more challenging?
a SPCT using a CNC LATHE; an ENGINE LATHE (it would require manually coordinated motion)
45
Describe the specialized cutting tool used for PARTING OFF/CUTTING OFF.
very narrow and cuts along a forward edge rather than at a point like a conventional SPCT.
46
What is GROOVING?
when the specialized cutting tool is not fed all the way to the center. This results in a narrow groove for the installation of piston rings.
47
How can THREADS be cut on a LATHE?
using a SPCT provided that it possesses the correct nose shape to match the desired thread profile.
48
What must be controlled when cutting threads on a lathe in order to produce the correct pitch?
ROTATIONAL SPEED and FEED RATE
49
LATHES also provide _____________ __________ to ensure that sequential passes start at the same point and follow the preceding helical cut(s).
synchronizing mechanisms
50
A method of creating a custom profile in one single plunge. It uses a tool with a matching profile ground into its cutting edge.
cutting with a FORM TOOL
51
Conventional ________ with a _____ _____ is also possible on a LATHE. In this case, the drill is held in a drill chuck attached to the TAILSTOCK.
DRILLING; TWIST DRILL
52
When DRILLING with a TWIST DRILL on a LATHE, the _____ can be driven forwards to plunge the drill concentrically into the workpiece, the drill itself does not rotate.
QUILL
53
What is the operation used on a lathe to create modest to large diameter concentric holes of superior surface finish?
BORING
54
BORING starts with ___________ a hole with an undersized twist drill
predrilling
55
What is a BORING BAR and what is it used for?
a long rod with a small SPCT near the end; used to open up the hole diameter by removing chips from the bore walls.
56
The hole resulting from BORING can be _______ or _____.
through or blind
57
What is KNURLING?
a turning operation that produces a grip texture on the surface of circular parts.
58
Why are no chips created when using a KNURLING TOOL for KNURLING?
the KNURLING TOOL has hardened wheels to redistribute surface material.
59
What are 3 examples of KNURLING patterns?
angled pattern diamond pattern straight pattern

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