KA 1

Question 1

What is the Scientific cycle?

Answer 1

Observation; construction of a testable hypothesis; experimental design; gathering, recording, and analysis of data; evaluation of results and conclusions; the formation of a revised hypothesis where necessary

Question 2

In science, refinement of ideas is the?

Answer 2

Norm

Question 3

Scientific knowledge can be thought of as the current best? Which may be…

Answer 3

Explanation, which may then be updated after evaluation of further experimental evidence.

Question 4

The null hypothesis proposes that there will be no?

Answer 4

Statistically significant effect as a result of the experiment treatment

Question 5

Failure to find an effect (a negative result) is a? Assuming that the experiment is…

Answer 5

Valid finding, as long as an experiment is well designed.

Question 6

Conflicting data or conclusions can be resolved through?

Answer 6

Careful evaluation or can lead to further experimentation.

Question 7

If there is evidence for an effect, unlikely due to chance, then what hypothesis is rejected?

Answer 7

The null hypothesis is rejected

Question 8

Scientific ideas only become accepted once they have been checked?

Answer 8

Independently

Question 9

Effects must be? One-off results are treated with…

Answer 9

Reproducible; one-off results are treated with caution.

Question 10

The importance of publication of methods, data, analysis, and conclusions in scientific?

Answer 10

Reports so that others are able to repeat an experiment

Question 11

Common methods of sharing original scientific findings include seminars, talks and posters at? and in what?

Answer 11

At conferences, and publishing in academic journals.

Question 12

Most scientific publications use?

Answer 12

Peer review

Question 13

Specialists with expertise in the relevant field assess the scientific quality of a submitted manuscript and make?

Answer 13

Recommendations regarding its suitability for publication.

Question 14

What is important in the wider media to do with scientific coverage?

Answer 14

Critical evaluation of science coverage

Question 15

Increasing the public understanding of science

Answer 15

Is extremely important to avoid misrepresentation of science

Question 16

Importance of integrity and honesty: what does this involve?

Answer 16

Unbiased presentation of results, citing and providing references, avoiding plagiarism

Question 17

While judgements and interpretations of scientific evidence may be …. What is ultimately the key of importance in science?

Answer 17

Disputed: integrity and honesty are key to importance

Question 18

The replication of experiments by others reduces the opportunity for?

Answer 18

Dishonesty or the deliberate misuse of science.

Question 19

In animal studies, the concepts of…. Are used to?

Answer 19

Replacement, reduction, and refinement are used to avoid, reduce or minimise the harm to animals

Question 20

What is important in human studies?

Answer 20

Informed consent, the right to withdraw, and confidentiality

Question 21

The value or quality of science investigations must be… In what terms?

Answer 21

Justifiable in terms of the benefits of its outcome, including the pursuit of scientific knowledge.

Question 22

As a result of the risks involved, many areas of scientific research are highly…By whom?

Answer 22

Regulated and licensed by governments.

Question 23

The risk to and safety of subject species, individuals, investigators and the environment must be taken….

Answer 23

Into account

Question 24

What four non scientific things can all influence scientific research?

Answer 24

Legislation, regulation, policy and funding

Question 25

Legislation limits the?

Answer 25

Potential for the misuse of studies and data.