KA 3

Question 1

Scientific reports should contain?

Answer 1

Explanatory title, an abstract including aims and findings, an introduction explaining the purpose and context of the study including the use of several sources, supporting statements, citations, and references

Question 2

Background information should be?

Answer 2

Clear, relevant and unambiguous.

Question 3

A title should provide a?

Answer 3

Succinct explanation of the study.

Question 4

An abstract should outline?

Answer 4

The aims and findings of the study.

Question 5

An aim must link the?

Answer 5

Independent and dependent variables.

Question 6

The introduction should provide any information required to support…

Answer 6

Choices of method, results, and discussion.

Question 7

An introduction should explain?

Answer 7

Why the study has been carried out and place the study in the context of existing understanding.

Question 8

Key points should be?

Answer 8

Summarised and supporting and contradictory information identified.

Question 9

Several sources should be selected to?

Answer 9

Support statements, and citations and references should be in a standard form.

Question 10

Decisions regarding basic selection of… Should be covered

Answer 10

Study methods and organisms should be covered, as should the aims and hypotheses.

Question 11

A method section should contain…

Answer 11

Sufficient information to allow another investigator to repeat the work

Question 12

Experimental design should address?

Answer 12

The intended aim and test the hypothesis

Question 13

What part of the v experimental design should be evaluated?

Answer 13

Validity and reliability

Question 14

An experimental design that does not address the intended aim or test the hypothesis is?

Answer 14

Invalid.

Question 15

Treatment effects should be?

Answer 15

Compared to controls

Question 16

Any confounding variables should be?

Answer 16

Taken into account or standardised across treatments

Question 17

The validity of an experiment may be compromised when?

Answer 17

Factors other than the independent variable influence the value of the dependent variable

Question 18

Selection bias is the? What does this mean about the sample?

Answer 18

Selection of a sample in a non-random way, so that the sample is not representative of the whole population.

Question 19

Selection bias may have prevented?

Answer 19

A representative sample being selected.

Question 20

Sample size alone may not be sufficient to decide…

Answer 20

Without bias whether the change to the independent variable has caused an effect in the dependent variable.

Question 21

In results, data should be presented in a? For…

Answer 21

Clear, logical manner suitable for analysis.

Question 22

Consideration should be given to the validity of?

Answer 22

Outliers and anomalous results.

Question 23

Statistical tests are used to determine?

Answer 23

Whether the differences between the means are likely or unlikely to have occurred by chance

Question 24

A statistically significant result is one that is unlikely to be due to?

Answer 24

Chance alone

Question 25

Error bars indicate the?

Answer 25

Variability of data around a mean

Question 26

If the treatment mean differs from the control mean sufficiently for their error bars not to overlap, this indicates that the difference may be?

Answer 26

Significant

Question 27

Conclusions should refer to the?

Answer 27

Aim, the results and the hypothesis

Question 28

What part of the experimental design should be taken into account?

Answer 28

Validity and reliability

Question 29

Consideration should be given as to whether the results can be attributed to?

Answer 29

Correlation or causation

Question 30

Evaluation of conclusions should also refer to?

Answer 30

Existing knowledge and the results of other investigations

Question 31

Meaningful scientific discussion would include?

Answer 31

Consideration of findings in the context of existing knowledge and the results of other investigations.

Question 32

Scientific writing should?

Answer 32

Reveal an awareness of the contribution of scientific research to increase scientific knowledge, and to the social, economic and industrial life of the community