KA8 - genomic sequencing :) Flashcards
What is genomic sequencing?
The sequence of nucleotide bases can be determined for
- individual genes and entire genomes
What do computer programs do?
They look for sequences similar to known genes to identify base sequences
To compare sequences of different species .. you?
Use a computer and statistical analysis - bioinformatics
What is something to remember when comparing genomes of different species?
Many genes are highly conserved across different organisms
Which genomes are commonly sequenced?
- disease causing organisms
- pest species
- important model organisms for research
What is phylogenetics?
The study of evolutionary history and relationships
What are the two things that can be used, why?
Phylogenetics & Molecular clocks
- Main sequence of events in evolution
- They use sequence data and fossil evidence
- They study evolutionary relatedness and estimate the time since lineages diverged
What are the 3 domains of life?
Bacteria, Archaea and Eukaryotes
What does the comparison of sequences provide?
Evidence of the 3 domains of life
bacteria, archaea, eukaryotes
What are the main sequences of events of evolution in life?
- cells
- the last universal ancestor
- prokaryotes
- photosynthetic organisms
- eukaryotes
- multicellularity
- animals
- vertebrates
- land plants
What are molecular clocks?
They are used to show when a species diverged during evolution
What do molecular clocks assume and do?
- Assume a constant mutation rate
- show differences in: DNA sequences, Amino Acid sequences
What can an individuals genome be analysed to do?
- predict the likelihood of developing certain diseases
What is pharmacogenetics?
The use of genome information in the choice of drugs
What is personalised medicine?
An individuals genome sequence can be used to select the most effective drugs and dosage to treat their disease
