Kaltenboeck Lectures Exam 1

Question 1

Can differentiate species of streptococcus using ?

Answer 1

Hemolysis

Question 2

What are the usual specimens strep is found in?

Answer 2

pus, joint fluid, milk

Question 3

Which strep spp. shows alpha hemolysis?

Answer 3

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 4

Most pyogenic streptococci show what type of hemolysis?

Answer 4

beta

Question 5

Which spp. of strep is CAMP positive? What does that mean?

Answer 5

Streptococcus agalactiae

it completed the partial hemolysis mediated by St. aureus

Question 6

How does Streptococcus caused pygoenic infections?

Answer 6

Kills invading phagocytic cells, causing release of lytic enzymes–>tissue liquefaction

Question 7

What are Streptococcus’ 2 virulence factors?

Answer 7

M protein and hyaluronidase

Question 8

Define:

1) hemolysins
2) streptokinase
3) hyaluronidase
4) erythrogenic toxins

Answer 8

1) cause beta-hemolysis and kill phagocytic cells
2) dissolves clots
3) breaks down connective tissue
4) causes rash in scarlet fever

Question 9

Which bacteria is responsible for equine strangles?

Answer 9

Streptococcus equi

Question 10

Most spp. of Streptococcus cause what disease?

Answer 10

mastitis

Question 11

Which bacteria is responsible for scarlet fever in humans?

Answer 11

Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 12

T/F: Animals with Streptococcus pneumoniae pose a risk to humans

Answer 12

FALSE (humans pose a risk to animals)

Question 13

Which genus of bacteria is usually in grape-like clusters?

Answer 13

Staphylococcus

Question 14

when are Staphylococcus considered to be pathogenic?

Answer 14

when isolated in pure culture from lesions

Question 15

What special agar can be used to ID Staphylococcus?

Answer 15

mannitol-salt agar

Question 16

Which specific species causes a yellow color on mannitol-salt agar? Why?

Answer 16

Staphylococcus aureus

ferments mannitol

Question 17

Define: (Staphylococcus)

1) coagulase
2) clumping factor
3) enterotoxins
4) staphylokinase

Answer 17

1) causes clotting of blood plasma
2) reacts with plasma fibrinogen
3) cause signs of food poisoning (1-6hrs); very heat resistant
4) degrades fibrin

Question 18

What is the significance of protein A for Staphylococcus?

Answer 18

binds IgG

Question 19

What bacteria causes suppurative wound infections, pyoderma, and food poisoning?

Answer 19

Staphylococcus aureus (or intermedius)

Question 20

What species is Staphylococcus intermedius common in?

Answer 20

Dogs

Question 21

Which Staphylococcus spp is important in swine? What disease dose it cause?

Answer 21

Staphylococcus hyicus

Greasy pig disease

Question 22

How to micrococci differ from the rest of the Staphylococcus spp?

Answer 22

can only tolerate 5% salt in medium

Question 23

What bacteria genus is it important to test for resistance with and why?

Answer 23

Staphylococcus; can encode beta-lactamase enzyme

Question 24

which spp of Staphylococcus can infect humans?

Answer 24

S. aureus and S. hyicus

Question 25

Which genus of bacteria is pleomorphic rods?

Answer 25

Corynebacterium & Rhodococcus

Question 26

All pathogenic strains of • Corynebacterium are ______ positive?

Answer 26

Urease

Question 27

Which spp. of bacteria is found in the urogenital tracts of bovine?

Answer 27

Corynebacterium renale

Question 28

significance of Corynebacterium renale's pili?

Answer 28

help with adherence to mucous membranes; also antigen for differentiation

Question 29

How does C. renale hide from the host's immune system?

Answer 29

covered with IgG

Question 30

which spp of Corynebacterium infects through skin lesions

Answer 30

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

Question 31

What bacteria causes lymphadenitis in small ruminants and ulcerative lymphangitis in horses?

Answer 31

C. pseudotuberculosis

Question 32

Which bacteria causes suppurative pneumonia in foals?

Answer 32

Rhodococcus equi

Question 33

R. equi is usually commensal in horse intestines? (T/F)

Answer 33

True

Question 34

Why are Corynebacterium and Rhodococcus infections difficult to treat?

Answer 34

difficult for antibiotics to penetrate the walled off lesions

Question 35

Which gram positive rods are naturally occurring in soil and vegetation?

Answer 35

Listeria

Question 36

Why is Listeria difficult to isolate?

Answer 36

usually present in small numbers

Question 37

For which bacteria can you use cold enrichment (growing at 4*)?

Answer 37

Listeria

Question 38

What are the 2 disease forms of listeria monocytogenes?

Answer 38

neural | visceral

Question 39

This bacteria causes "circling disease" in ruminants

Answer 39

Listeria monocytogenes

Question 40

What 2 things enable L monocytogenes to survive in macrophages?

Answer 40

Heat-labile hemolysin Listeriolysin

Question 41

Why is listeriolysin important?

Answer 41

it disrupts phagocytic vacuole in macrophage; Virulence depends on this!!

Question 42

What method can effectively destroy Listeria monocytogenes?

Answer 42

pasteurization

Question 43

What are the sources for Listeria infection in humans?

Answer 43

contaminated milk and dairy products

Question 44

Swine are the reservoir for this bacteria

Answer 44

Erysipelotrhix

Question 45

Does Erysipelotrhix produce toxins?

Answer 45

No

Question 46

What bacteria produces disease in pigs ages 3-18 months. usually reddish/purple rhomboidal patches

Answer 46

Erysipelotrhix rhusiopathiae

Question 47

If moist, Erysipelotrhix can remain viable for years (T/F)

Answer 47

True

Question 48

Which bacteria is associated with being an "occupational disease" of veterinarians, butchers, and fish handlers?

Answer 48

Erysipelotrhix rhusiopathiae

Question 49

The genus of bacteria is responsible for ray fungus disease in many animals

Answer 49

Actinomyces

Question 50

The bacteria are commensal organisms of the oral cavity

Answer 50

Actinomyces

Question 51

T/F: Actinomyces CAN survive outside its host

Answer 51

False

Question 52

This bacteria is responsible for chronic abscessing mastitis in cows

Answer 52

Actinomyces pyogenes

Question 53

What is the virulence factor of Actinomyces pyogenes?

Answer 53

proteinase

Question 54

Causes lumpy jaw in cattle

Answer 54

Actinomyces bovis

Question 55

Cause pyothorax in dogs

Answer 55

Actinomyces viscosus

Question 56

Large, spore forming, rods found in soil, air, dust, and water

Answer 56

Bacillus

Question 57

Colonies of this bacteria have wavy edges ("medusa head")

Answer 57

Bacillus anthracis

Question 58

What are the 3 components of B. anthracis exotoxin?

Answer 58

Component I--edema factor Component II--protective antigen Component III--lethal factor

Question 59

What two characteristics does B. anthracis need to have to be virulent?

Answer 59

encapsulated | toxigenic

Question 60

The skin lesions of the bacteria form malignant carbuncles

Answer 60

B. anthracis

Question 61

T/F B. anthracis is an obligate pathogen

Answer 61

True

Question 62

For B. anthracis: What species are usually affected by 1) acute septicemic form 2) cutaneous form

Answer 62

1) horses and ruminants | 2) dogs, cats, swine

Question 63

large, strictly ANAEROBIC, spore-forming rods

Answer 63

Clostridium

Question 64

Best and fastest method for IDing Clostridium

Answer 64

fluorescent antibodies

Question 65

Causes tetanus

Answer 65

Clostridium tetani

Question 66

causes blackleg in sheep and cattle

Answer 66

Clostridium chauvoei

Question 67

Causes malignant edema

Answer 67

Clostridium septicum

Question 68

Causes food poisoning and enterotoxemia

Answer 68

Clostridium perfringens

Question 69

Source of infection for malignant edema

Answer 69

soil contamination of wounds

Question 70

Causes bacillary hemoglobinuria ("red water") disease in cattle and sheep

Answer 70

Clostridium haemolyticum

Question 71

Infection with C. haemolyticum is secondary to ?

Answer 71

liver damage via fluke migration

Question 72

Important toxins of Clostridium spp (4)

Answer 72

1) Alpha-->phospholipase C (principal lethal toxin) 2) beta 3) Epsilon--protoxin converted by proteaes to become lethal 4) Kappa-- causes "pulping" of affected tissue

Question 73

Toxins of which bacteria bind to gangliosides of nerve cells and migrate to spinal cord and medulla?

Answer 73

Clostridium tetani

Question 74

How does C. botulinum cause paralysis

Answer 74

prevents muscle transmission of nerve pulses to muscle

Question 75

(T/F) The spores of Clostridium are sensitive to disinfectants

Answer 75

False; vegetative form is sensitive

Question 76

Small, acid-fast rods that grow very slowly

Answer 76

Mycobacteria

Question 77

What two factors make Mycobacteria so resistant?

Answer 77

cell wall components | high lipid concentration

Question 78

What is the virulence factor of Mycobacteria

Answer 78

mycosides

Question 79

Variations in tuberculin test are used to diagnose infections with?

Answer 79

Mycobacteria

Question 80

Causes Johne's disease

Answer 80

M. paratuberculosis

Question 81

Smallest bacteria; lack a cell wall

Answer 81

Myoplasma

Question 82

How are are the Myoplasma bacteria classified?

Answer 82

on whether they require cholesterol for growth or not

Question 83

Causes contagious bovine pneumonia

Answer 83

Myoplasma mycoides

Question 84

The specimens of what bacteria must be refrigerated and inoculated withing 48 hours

Answer 84

Myoplasma