Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

measurments > Kari 140 final > Flashcards

Kari 140 final Flashcards

(100 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

How ROM is documented and what that means

A

Record the measurement – beginning and end
* 0-50° right elbow flexion
* 10 – 0 - 65°
* 10 - 100°

ex. 10-0-120 vs 15-105

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

WNL

A

within normal limits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Validity

A
  • Is it measuring what it is supposed to be
    measuring?
  • Does it represent the true value?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Intertester reliability

A

different tester

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Intratester reliability

A

same tester

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Objective

A

– Joint measured
– Side of body
– Type of ROM
– Deviation from testing position
– Record the measurement – beginning and end
* 0-50° right elbow flexion
* 10 – 0 - 65°
* 10 - 100°
– Normal or WNL
* Compared to ‘norms’ or other arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Visual approximation

A

– Subjective not objective

– Should provide you with a guide for the actual measurement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why do we use a Goniometer?

A
  • Determine a baseline
  • Evaluates progress
  • Modify treatment
  • Motivation
  • Research effectiveness of treatment
  • Fabricate orthosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Moving arm = distal arm
Stationary arm = proximal arm

A

x

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

To assess length of a two-joint muscle…

A

the patient is positioned so the muscle is lengthened over the proximal and distal joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

To assess joint ROM…

A

the patient is positioned to avoid passive insufficiency influence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Muscle length testing

A

Checks for the maximal distance between proximal and
distal attachments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Passive insufficiency

A

Inability of a muscle to lengthen and allow full ROM at all joints it crosses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are factors that can affect ROM?

A

– Age = Somewhat less as we age
– Gender = Women somewhat more ROM and flexibility in adults
– Active vs. passive
– Experience of examiner
– Testing position
– Occupation and recreation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

joint that permit motion in three planes
around three axis

A

Glenohumeral joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

joint that allows motion in only one plane
is described as have one degree of freedom

A

IP joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Transverse plane

A
  • A horizontal plane that divides
    the body into upper and lower
    portions
  • The motion of rotation occurs
    around a vertical axis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Frontal plan

A

Proceeds from one side of the
body to the other and divides the
body into front and back halves
* Motions of abduction and
adduction occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Sagittal plane

A
  • Proceeds from the anterior to
    the posterior aspect of the body
  • Divides the body into L and R
    halves
  • Motions of flexion and
    extension occur
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Initial walking

A

– minimal heel strike
– short step length
– short stride length
– increased double limb
support
– decreased single limb
support
– high cadence
– slow velocity and speed
– wide BOS
– pronated feet
– abducted and ER hips
– pelvic girdle is not
disassociated from LE
– waddle
– high guard
– no hip ext. in mid and
terminal stance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Toddler

A

– heel-toe pattern
– reciprocal arm swing
– steps and strides have
increased in length
– single limb stance
increased
– Velocity and speed
increased
– disassociation of pelvis
– BOS narrow
– Counter-rotation of
shoulders and pelvis
– feet pronated until age 6-7
– Hip ext. in mid and
terminal stance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Aging results in changes in gait pattern

A

– decreased step and stride length
– decreased velocity and speed
– increased double limb support
– decreased single limb support
– decreased arm swing
– flatter foot contact at heel strike
– Increased flexion at ankles, hips and knees
– lower heel ride in pre-swing
– wider BOS
– increased toe out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The degree of disability depends on…

A

– ability to compensate
– function retained

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Problems or concerns arise when…

A

Problems or concerns arise when:
– compensations are inadequate
– increase in energy costs
– joint strain
– muscle overuse
– aesthetically displeasing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Pain- gait
– Antalgic gait * limping gait * short stance on painful side
25
trendelenburg gait
glute medias lurch gait
26
foot slap
Ankle dorsiflexion weakness
27
foot drop
Steppage gait aka Neuropathic gait
28
lack of push off
Plantar flexion weakness
29
waddling gait
shoulders behind hips, use trunk movement to advance legs aka Myopathic gait
30
parkinsons gait
festering freezing steppage gait
31
crouch gait
Spastic Dypelgic gait
32
From most supportive to least supportive AD:
* Parallel bars * Walkers * Crutches * Cane
33
4-point
* Bilateral ambulation aids * Slow but stable * Low energy expenditure * Alternate and reciprocal forward movement * R crutch -> L foot -> L crutch -> R foot
34
2-point
* Bilateral ambulation aids * Simultaneous and reciprocal forward movement * Relatively stable * More rapid than 4-point
35
3-point
* Bilateral ambulation aids or walker * Used when NWB on one leg * Less stable but rapid * Required good UE strength * Referred to as “step-to pattern” and “step-through pattern” * Step-through pattern has less energy expenditure
36
Modified 4-point or Modified 2-point
* One ambulation aid * Device is used on the opposite side of the LE that requires protection
37
Modified 3-point or 3-1-point
* Bilateral ambulation aids or walker * FWB on one leg, PWB on the other leg * The device is advanced with the PWB leg, then the FWB leg steps through
38
Initial contact – weight acceptance/ heel strike
– Hip * Flexion 30° * Glut max, Hamstrings, Add. Mag. – Isometric – Knee * Flexion 5° * Quadriceps – Eccentric – Ankle * Neutral * Dorsiflexors – Isometric
39
Loading response – shock absorption/ foot flat
– Hip * Flexion 30°-25° * Gluteus maximus, Hamstrings – Isometric to slightly concentric – Knee * Up to 15 flexion * Quadriceps – Eccentric – Ankle * 15° plantarflexion * Dorsiflexors – Eccentric
40
Midstance/ midstance
– Hip * Extension 30-10° * Gluteus maximus – Minimal concentric activation * Gluteus medius – Eccentric or isometric – Knee * flexion 15° - neutral * Quadriceps – Concentric – Ankle * From 10° plantarflexion to 5° dorsiflexion * Plantarflexors – Eccentric
41
Terminal stance/ heel off
– Hip * 20° Extension * Hip flexors, adductor longus in late heel-off, TFL ant. fibers – Eccentric – Knee * Moves into full extension * Quads – Eccentric – Ankle * Dorsiflexion 10° * Plantarflexors – Eccentric --->concentric
42
Pre-swing/ toe off
– Hip * 10° extension * Hip flexors, hip adductors – Concentric – Knee * 40° flexion * Quads – Eccentric – Ankle * 20° plantarflexion * Plantarflexors – Concentric moving to eccentric
43
Initial Swing/ acceleration
– Hip * To 20° flexion * Iliopsoas – Concentric – Knee * Flexion - 40°-60° * Hamstrings, sartorius, gracilis – Concentric – Ankle * Moving from plantarflexion to dorsiflexion * Dorsiflexors – Concentric
44
Midswing/ mid swing
– Hip * Flexion - 30° * Iliopsoas – Concentric – Knee * 60°- 30° flexion * Hamstrings – Eccentric – Ankle * Neutral * Dorsiflexors – Concentric
45
Terminal Swing/ deceleration
– Hip * 30° flexion * Hamstrings, Gluteus max – Eccentric – Knee * Moving into extension 0 ° * Quadriceps – Concentric – Ankle * Neutral/Dorsiflexion * Dorsiflexors – Isometric/concentric
46
Swing Phase
– Initial swing – Midswing – Terminal swing
47
Stance Phase
– Initial contact – Loading Response – Midstance – Terminal stance – Pre-swing
48
step length
heel off one foot to the heel off on the other foot 2-2 1/2 feet
49
stride length
heel of one foot to the heel of the same foot after one step 4-5 feet
50
step width
width of BOS between feet 2-4 inches
51
normal step length
2-2 1/2 feet
52
normal stride length
4-5 feet
53
normal step width
2-4 inches
54
normal toe out
8-10 degrees
55
1) (traditional) heel strike
initial contact
56
2) (traditional) foot flat
loading response
57
3) (traditional) mid stance
mid stance
58
4) (traditional) heel off
terminal stance
59
5) (traditional) toe off
pre swing
60
6) (traditional) acceleration
initial swing
61
7) (traditional) mid swing
mid swing
62
8) (traditional) deceleration
terminal swing
63
average pelvic rotation is _1_degrees each side -_2_ degrees total -mild internal and external rotation
1) 4 degrees 2) 8 degrees
64
pelvic tilt is downward __ during swing -mild add/abduction
5 degrees
65
waddle
externally rotated hips to increase BOS
66
High guard
walking with arms up and out
67
hemiplagic
stroke, parkinsons, brain injury--- arms/shoulders flexed and cirumduction with steps
68
functional inderpendance
natural, required, or expected activity
69
BADL
basic activities of daily living
70
IADL
Instrument activities of daily living
71
normal return to sport value
85%
72
thomas test
tight hip flexors
73
straight leg raise test
tight hamstrings
74
ober test
TFL and IT band tightness
75
ely test
rectus femoris
76
distal hamstring length test
distal handstrings
77
at birth... posture...
At birth - entire vertebral column is concave anteriorly * Thoracic and sacral Curves are considered primary curves for this reason * As we grow, secondary curves develop * Postural curves – thoracic and sacral - concave anteriorly – Lumbar and cervical - convex anteriorly
78
Size of Curve: posture
Mild scoliosis: Cobb angle measurement of less than 25 degrees. Moderate scoliosis: Cobb angle measurement between 25 and 45 degrees. Severe scoliosis: Cobb angle measurement of more than 45 degrees
79
S-curves sometimes add a...
rotary component to the vertebrae = worse condition
80
4 Types of Scoliosis:
Congenital scoliosis- Present at birth and is caused by a bone abnormality. Degenerative scoliosis- This results from a traumatic injury, osteoporosis (or thinning of the spinal bones), bone deformation or collapse, or major spinal surgery. Idiopathic scoliosis- This is the most prevalent form of scoliosis (80% of cases) and there is no known cause for it. There are various theories but none are conclusive. However, it is known to run in families. Neuromuscular scoliosis- The result of abnormal muscle or nerve formation. This type of scoliosis is frequently seen with those with spina bifida or cerebral palsy.
81
Postural Landmarks- Side view
– through lobe of ear – through bodies of cervical vertebrae – midway through trunk – through greater trochanter – slightly anterior to a midline through knee – slightly anterior to lateral malleolus
82
Postural Landmarks- Frontal view
- symmetry – bisects sternum – level nipples – level pelvic crests – level ASIS – level patella – level malleoli – bisects base of support – 8-10 degrees of forefoot abduction
83
Posterior view
– Bisect head – bisects spinal column – level pelvic crests – level PSIS – LEs straight – popliteal creases even – feet parallel or toeing out slightly – Heelcords are vertical
84
HMO
health maintenance organization
85
PPO
preferred provider organization
86
POS
points of service organization
87
medicare A
hospital and nursing care facilities
88
medicare B
payments of premiums, physician visits, outpatient therapy
89
medicare C
(medicare advantage plan) must have A and B, more inclusive coverage
90
medicare D
must be in A and B, prescription drug coverage and in the monthly premium
91
PLOF
prior level of of function
92
IEP
individualized education plan
93
FERPA
family educational rights and privacy act- govern privacy
94
HIPPA
health insurance portability and accountibility
95
fraud
crime punishable by law, billing for services not provided or billing for higher reimbursements INTENTIONAL
96
abuse
result of an error, billing, co-payment error, unaware of proper procedures, claims for services not medically necessary UNINTENTIONAL
97
incident report must be submitted within
2 hrs- 3 days
98
patient confidentiality
anyone not providing direct care of pt. must recive authorization from pt. to acess info
99
Copies of Records
To request copies, patients generally need to make a written request to the healthcare provider. The provider must respond within a reasonable timeframe, usually 30 days

measurments (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions