Keele Flashcards
Why Keele? How would you vcontribute to Keele?
PBL - A case is presented to a group and generate number of learning objectives. Present findings next week - develop problem solving skills
Small - familiar surroundings to undergraduate environment
Hands-on-experience - with patients in a wide range of settings
Dissection
Learn with Multidisciplinary Team
- Learn with radiographers, physiotherapists
- Overall is a similar learning style and have the same professional goals
What are the pros and cons of having health information accessible online?
Improved Accessibility: People can easily access a vast amount of health information, resources, and advice from anywhere, at any time, which is especially beneficial for those in remote or underserved areas.
Enhanced Patient Empowerment and Engagement: With more information at their fingertips, patients can take a more active role in their health care, leading to better informed health decisions and a stronger patient-doctor partnership.
Support and Community: Online platforms offer patients and caregivers the opportunity to connect with others experiencing similar health challenges, providing a sense of community, emotional support, and practical advice.
Education and Awareness: The wide availability of health information can increase public awareness about diseases, conditions, preventive measures, and healthy lifestyle choices, contributing to better public health outcomes.
Facilitation of Telemedicine: Online health information complements telemedicine services by providing patients with the resources they need to understand their conditions or treatment plans, making virtual healthcare more effective.
Information Overload: The sheer volume of health information online can be overwhelming, making it difficult for individuals to identify what is relevant or important for their specific health concerns.
Quality and Reliability Issues: Not all health information available online is accurate, up-to-date, or evidence-based. Misinformation can lead to confusion, health anxiety, or inappropriate self-diagnosis and treatment.
Privacy and Security Concerns: Personal health information shared online or accessed through digital platforms can be vulnerable to breaches, risking patients’ privacy and confidentiality.
Digital Divide: Despite the increased accessibility, there remains a digital divide where individuals without internet access or digital literacy skills are left at a disadvantage, exacerbating health inequities.
Patient-Doctor Relationship Strain: Misinterpretations of online health information can lead to strained relationships between healthcare providers and patients, especially if patients insist on unnecessary treatments or refuse recommended care based on their online research.
Advantage and Disadvantage of PBL
Advantages and Disadvantages of Herceptin
Pros
Targeted Therapy: Herceptin specifically targets HER2-positive cancer cells, making it a more focused treatment compared to traditional chemotherapy that affects all rapidly dividing cells.
Improved Outcomes: Clinical trials have shown that Herceptin can significantly improve survival rates and reduce the risk of cancer recurrence when used as part of a combination therapy for early-stage and metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer.
Adjuvant and Neoadjuvant Use: Herceptin can be used both before (neoadjuvant therapy) and after (adjuvant therapy) surgery to reduce the risk of cancer recurrence.
Combination Therapy: It is often used in combination with chemotherapy and other medications, which can enhance treatment effectiveness.
Cons:
Side Effects: While targeted therapies like Herceptin generally have fewer side effects than traditional chemotherapy, they can still cause heart problems, including heart failure, especially in patients with pre-existing heart conditions. Other side effects may include flu-like symptoms, fatigue, and infection risk.
Cost: The cost of Herceptin can be high, making it less accessible for some patients, although this varies by healthcare system and insurance coverage.
Not Effective for All Breast Cancers: Herceptin is only effective in HER2-positive breast cancers, which account for about 20% of all breast cancer cases. It is not beneficial for treating HER2-negative breast cancer.
Administration: The drug is typically administered through an IV, requiring visits to a healthcare facility, which may be inconvenient for some patients.
A fellow medical student has put a post on social media about their clinical placement, it includes a selfie which has patients featured in the background. What should you do?
Privately Contact the Fellow Student: Reach out to your fellow student privately and promptly. Explain the issue with the post, emphasizing the importance of patient confidentiality and privacy, and the potential breach of professional standards or institutional policies.
Suggest Immediate Removal of the Post: Advise them to remove or edit the post immediately to prevent further exposure of patient information. It’s crucial to act quickly to minimize any potential harm or breach of trust.
Educate on Professional Standards: Discuss the importance of maintaining professional standards on social media, which includes respecting patient privacy at all times. Highlight that even unintentional sharing of patient information can have serious consequences for patients, students, and institutions.
Encourage Reflecting on Social Media Use: Encourage them to reflect on their use of social media as future healthcare professionals. It might be helpful to recommend resources or guidelines provided by your medical school or professional organizations about social media use in healthcare settings.
Offer Support for Corrective Actions: If the student is unsure how to proceed or worried about potential repercussions, suggest seeking advice from a trusted faculty member, the medical school’s ethics committee, or a professional mentor. Offer your support in navigating these steps.
Check Institutional Policies: It’s also wise to familiarize yourself and your peer with the specific policies of your medical school and placement institution regarding social media use and patient privacy. This can prevent future incidents and clarify the protocols for reporting and addressing such breaches.
Reporting if Necessary: If the student does not take the post down or does not understand the gravity of the situation, it may be necessary to report the incident to a supervisor, ethics committee, or another appropriate authority within your institution to ensure patient privacy is protected and to address the breach of conduct.
Euthanasia
Autonomy and Dignity: Proponents argue that individuals have the right to make autonomous decisions about their own bodies and lives, including the right to choose a dignified death if they are suffering from a terminal illness or unbearable pain. Euthanasia can be seen as an expression of personal autonomy and respect for individual choice.
Relief from Suffering: For patients experiencing intolerable pain and suffering, with no hope of improvement, euthanasia is viewed as a compassionate way to relieve suffering. It’s considered a humane response to end pain and suffering that cannot be alleviated through palliative care.
Resource Allocation: Some argue that resources spent on prolonging the life of patients who wish to die could be better used to help others with recoverable conditions. Euthanasia could, in theory, contribute to more efficient use of healthcare resources.
Precedent of Withdrawal of Treatment: The practice of withdrawing life-sustaining treatment, with the patient’s consent, is widely accepted in many jurisdictions. Some see euthanasia as a logical extension of this principle, offering a more active way to respect a patient’s wishes.
AGAINST
Sanctity of Life: Many oppose euthanasia on the grounds that life is inherently valuable and should be preserved at all costs. From this perspective, euthanasia is morally wrong because it involves the deliberate ending of a life.
Slippery Slope: Critics often express concern about the “slippery slope” effect, suggesting that legalizing euthanasia could lead to non-voluntary or involuntary euthanasia, where individuals are euthanized without their explicit consent, or where the criteria for euthanasia gradually expand to include less severe conditions.
Palliative Care: Advances in palliative care and pain management can alleviate suffering for terminally ill patients, offering an alternative to euthanasia. Opponents argue for improving access to palliative care rather than legalizing euthanasia.
Pressure and Coercion: There’s concern that patients might feel pressured to opt for euthanasia due to societal or familial expectations, especially in contexts where they feel like a burden. This raises ethical questions about truly voluntary consent.
Role of Medical Professionals: Euthanasia challenges the traditional role of healthcare providers to heal and save lives. Some healthcare professionals are uncomfortable with or morally opposed to participating in euthanasia, citing the Hippocratic Oath or personal ethics.
Why is Confidentiality Imporatnt
- Build doctor patient relationsion as they hide details that might be vital to a diagnosis
-Human Right and respects patietns autonomy - Prevent exploitation of data i.e by insurance companies
- Improves public confidence in healthcare
Can be broken
- Risk to third party
- Report road crime to police
- Sharing information to other HC professionals to overal benefit patient
- When they lack capacity
- Patient has consented
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