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Physics Key Terms > Kerm Ch4 > Flashcards

Kerm Ch4 Flashcards

1
Q

Amplification

A

The process by which small voltages are increased to larger ones.

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2
Q

Amplifier

A

A device that accomplishes amplification.

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3
Q

Analog

A

Related to a procedure or system in which data are represented by proportional, continuously variable, physical quantities.

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4
Q

Analog-to-digital converter

A

A device that converts voltage amplitude to a number. (ADC)

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5
Q

B-Mode

A

Mode of operation in which the display presents a spot of appropriate brightness for each echo received by the transducer.

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6
Q

Bandpass filter

A

Bandpass filter

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7
Q

Beam former

A

The part of an interment that accomplishes electronic beam scanning, apodization, steering, focusing and aperture with arrays.

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8
Q

Bistable

A

Having two possible stats off, white or black, one or zero.

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9
Q

Bit

A

Binary digital;one or zero.

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10
Q

Channel

A

A single on or two way path for transmitting electronic signals, in distinction from other parallel paths; an independent transmission delay line and transducer electronic, amplifier, analog to digital converter, and delay line path.

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11
Q

Cine loop

A

Sequential display of all the frames stored in memory add a controlled frame rate.

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12
Q

Coded excitation

A

A sophisticated form of transmission in which the driving voltage pulses have intrapulse variations in amplitude, frequency, and / or phases.

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13
Q

Compensation

A

Equalization of received echoes amplitude difference caused by different attenuation’s for different reflector depths; also called depth gain compensation or time gain compensation.

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14
Q

Compression

A

Reduction in difference between small and large amplitudes. Region of high density and pressure in a compressional wave

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15
Q

Contrast

A

The ability of grayscale this play to distinguish between echoes of slightly different intensity.

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16
Q

Demodulation

A

Detection

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17
Q

Depth gain compensation

A

DGC - Equalize Asian of echo amplitude differences caused by different attenuations of different reflector depths; AKA Time gain resolution

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18
Q

Detection

A

Conversion of voltage pulses from radiofrequency to video form. Also called D modulation, amplitude detection and envelope detection.

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19
Q

Digital

A

Related to procedure or system in which data are represented by numeric digits.

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20
Q

Digital-to-analog converter

A

A device that converts a number to a proper ration voltage amplitude. DAC

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21
Q

Display

A

A device that presents a visual image derived from voltages received from an image processor.

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22
Q

Dynamic range

A

Ratio (in decibels) of largest to smallest power that a system can handle, ratio of the largest to smallest intensity of echoes in countered.

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23
Q

Elastography

A

Imaging tissue stiffness by tracking movement under mechanical stress.

24
Q

Flat-panel display

A

A back lighted rectangular matrix of thousands of liquid crystal display elements.

25
Q

Frame

A

A single image produced by one complete scan of the sound beam.

26
Q

Frame rate

A

Number of frames of echo information stored each second.

27
Q

Freeze-frame

A

Contrast display of one of the frames in memory.

28
Q

Gain

A

Ratio (in decibels) of ampler fire output to input electric power.

29
Q

Gray scale

A

Range of brightness (gray levels) between white and black.

30
Q

Image memory

A

The part of the image processor where echo information is stored in image format.

31
Q

Image processor

A

An electronic device that manipulates and prepares images for visual presentation.

32
Q

Lateral grain control

A

Gain controls that enables different gain values to be applied laterally across an image to compensate for differing attenuation values in different anatomic regions.

33
Q

M mode

A

A B-mode presentation of changing reflector position (motion) versus time (used in echocardiography).

34
Q

Panoramic imaging

A

The extension of the field of view beyond the normal limits of a transducer scan plane.

35
Q

Persistence

A

Averaging sequential frames together.

36
Q

Picture archive and communication system

A

The system provides means for electronically communicating images and associated information to workstations and devices external to sonographic instrument, that examining room, and even the building in which the scanning is done.

37
Q

Pixel

A

Picture element, the unit into which imaging information is divided for storage and display in a digital instrument.

38
Q

Postprocessing

A

Image processing done after storage in the memory.

39
Q

Preprocessing

A

Signal and image processing accomplished before storage in the memory.

40
Q

Radio frequency

A

Voltages representing echoes in cyclic form.

41
Q

Real-time

A

Imaging with a rapid frame sequence display

42
Q

Real-time display

A

A display that with a significant frame rate, appears to image moving structures or a changing scanplane continuously.

43
Q

Refresh rate

A

The number of times each second that information is sent from the image memory to the display. The number of times per second that a computer monitor redraws the information found in the memory.

44
Q

Scan line

A

A line produced on a display that represents ultrasonic echoes returning from the body. A sonographic image is composed of many such lines.

45
Q

Scanning

A

The sweeping of a sound beam through that anatomy to produce an image.

46
Q

Shear wave

A

See transverse wave

47
Q

Signal

A

Information – bearing voltages in an electronic circuit; an acoustic, visual, electric, or other conveyances of information. The physical representation of a message or information.

48
Q

Signal processor

A

An electronic device that manipulates electronic signal in preparation for appropriate presentation of information contained in them.

49
Q

Spatial compounding

A

Averaging of frames that view the anatomy from different angles.

50
Q

Strain

A

The increase or decrease of the length of a segment of a material, subjected to a stress, devised by its original length.

51
Q

Stress

A

A force per unit area applied to the material that compresses or stretches it.

52
Q

Temporal resolution

A

Ability to distinguish closely spaced events in time; improves with increased frame rate.

53
Q

Time gain resolution

A

Equalize Asian of echo amplitude differences caused by different attenuations of different reflector depths; also called depth gain compensation.

54
Q

Volume imaging

A

Three dimensional imaging. (3D)

55
Q

Young’s modulus

A

A measure of the (hardness) stiffness of a material. It is the ratio of the Apple it’s huge stress to the resulting strain in the material subjected to the stress.

56
Q

A mode

A

Mode of operation in which the display presents echo amplitude versus depth.

57
Q

B scan

A

Mode of operation in which the display presents a spot of appropriate brightness for each echo received by the transducer.

Physics Key Terms (6 decks)

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