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Physics Key Terms > Kremkau Ch3 > Flashcards

Kremkau Ch3 Flashcards

1
Q

Aperture

A

Size of transducer element (for a single-element transducer) or a group of elements (for an array).

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2
Q

Apodization

A

Nonuniform driving elements in an array to reduce grating lobes.

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3
Q

Array

A

A transducer assembly containing serval piezoelectric elements.

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4
Q

Axial resolution

A

The minimum reflector separation along the sound path that is required to produce separate echoes.

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5
Q

Beam

A

Region containing continuous wave sound; region through which a sound pulse propagates.

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6
Q

Composite

A

Combination of piezoelectric ceramic and non-piezoelectric polymer.

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7
Q

Convex array

A

Curved linear array.

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8
Q

Crystal

A

Element

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9
Q

Curie point

A

Temperature at which element material loses its piezoelectric properties.

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10
Q

Damping

A

Material attached to rear face of a transducer element to reduce pulse duration; the process of pulse duration reduction.

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11
Q

Detailed resolution

A

The ability to image fine detail and to distinguish closely spaced reflectors.

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12
Q

Disk

A

Thin, flat, circular object.

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13
Q

Dynamic aperture

A

Aperture that increases with increasing focal length (to maintain consent focal width).

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14
Q

Dynamic focusing

A

Continuous variable reception focusing that follows the increasing depth of the transmitted pulse as it travels.

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15
Q

Element

A

The piezoelectric component of a transducer assembly.

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16
Q

Elevational resolution

A

The detail resolution in the direction perpendicular to the scan plane. It is equal to the section thickness and is the source of section thickness artifact.

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17
Q

Far zone

A

The region of a sound beam in which the beam diameter increase as the distance from the transducer increases; also called far field.

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18
Q

Focal length

A

Distance from the focused transducer to the center of the focal region or to location of the spatial peak intensity.

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19
Q

Focal region

A

region of minimum beam diameter and area.

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20
Q

Focal zone

A

Length of the focal region.

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21
Q

Focus

A

The concentration of the sound beam into a smaller beam area than would exist otherwise.

22
Q

Grating lobes

A

Additional weaker beams of sound traveling out in directions different from the primary beam as a result of the multi-element structure of transducer arrays.

23
Q

Lateral

A

Perpendicular to the direction of sound travel.

24
Q

Lateral resolution

A

Minimum reflector separation perpendicular to the sound path that is required to produce separate echoes.

25
Q

Lead zirconate titanate

A

A ceramic piezoelectric material. (PZT)

26
Q

Lens

A

A curved material that focuses a sound or light beam.

27
Q

Linear

A

Adjective form of line.

28
Q

Linear arry

A

Array made of rectangular elements arranged in a straight line.

29
Q

Linear phased array

A

Linear array operated by applying voltage pulses to all elements, but with small time differences to direct ultrasound pulses out in various directions.

30
Q

Linear sequenced array

A

linear array operated by allying voltage pulses to groups of elements sequentially.

31
Q

Matching layer

A

Material attached to the front face of the transducer element to reduce the reflections at the transduce surface.

32
Q

Natural focus

A

The narrowing of sound beam that occurs with an unfocused flat transducer element.

33
Q

Near zone

A

The region of a sound beam in which the beam diameter decrease as the distance from the transducer increases; AKA near field.

34
Q

Operating frequency

A

Preferred frequency of operation of a transducer. (maximum efficiency)

35
Q

Phased array

A

An array that steers and focuses the beam electronically (with short time delays).

36
Q

Phased linear array

A

Linear sequenced array with phased focusing added; linear sequenced array with phased steering of pulses to produce a parallelogram-shaped display.

37
Q

Piezoelectricity array

A

Conversion of pressure to electric voltage.

38
Q

Probe

A

Transducer assembly

39
Q

Resolution

A

The ability to distinguish echoes in terms of space, time, or strength (called detail, temporal, and contrast resolutions, respectively).

40
Q

Resonance frequency

A

Operating frequency

41
Q

Scanhead

A

transducer assembly

42
Q

Sector

A

A geometric figure by two radii and the arc of the circle included between them.

43
Q

Sensitivity

A

Ability of an imaging system to detect weak echoes.

44
Q

Side lobes

A

Weaker beams of sound traveling out from a single element in directions different from those of the primary beam.

45
Q

Sound beam

A

The region of a medium that contains virtually all the sound produced by the transducer.

46
Q

Source

A

An emitter of ultrasound; transducer.

47
Q

Transducer

A

A device that converts energy to one form to another.

48
Q

Transducer assembly

A

transducer element with damping and matching materials assembled in a case.

49
Q

Ultrasound transducer

A

A device that converts electric energy to ultrasound energy, and vice versa.

50
Q

Vector array

A

Linear sequenced array that emits pulses from different starting points and in different directions.

51
Q

Axial

A

In the direction of the transducer axis (Sound travel direction).

Physics Key Terms (6 decks)

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