key area 2;distribution of organisms Flashcards
(25 cards)
what is competition?
competition will occur between organisms when their niche overlaps.this can occur when they try to use the same resource.
what are the two types of competition?
interspecific and intraspecific
what do animals compete for?
food,water,habitat and mates
what do plants fight for?
light,water,minerals and space
what is interspecific competition?
this occurs between organisms of different species for the same resource
what is an example of interspecific competition?
hyenas and lions fighting over prey
what is intraspecific competition?
this occurs between organisms of the same species for the same resources
what is an examples of intraspecific competition?
male robins fighting over mates
which one out of intra and interspecific competition is more intense and why?
intraspecific competition is more intense because they occupy the same niche,therefore are competing for identical resources
what is an abiotic factor?
abiotic factors are non-living factors
what are examples of abiotic factors?
light intensity.soil pH,soil moisture and temperature
what are biotic factors?
biotic factors are living factors
what are examples of biotic factors?
competition,grazing,predation,food availability and disease
how can we measure abiotic factors?
using light meters,pH probes,moisture meters and thermometers
why are sampling techniques used?
it is impossible to count all of the individuals in a habitat,therefore small samples are taken which represent the rest of the ecosystem
how can we make samples reliable and valid?
samples must be the same size
samples but be taken at random
many samples must be taken to allow an average to be collected
what are 3 sampling techniques?
pitfall traps,quadrats and paired statement keys
why are pitfall traps used?
pitfall traps can be used to sample living organisms that live on the ground like beetles and spiders
how do we set up a pitfall trap correctly?
make sure the top is properly covered
add drainage holes to the bottom of the pot to allow water to drain
cover the trap with leaves or bark
check the trap regularly to see if insects have escaped or been eaten
what are quadrats used for?
to samples plants
how do you use a quadrat?
many should be placed randomly
what are quadrat counting rules?
for a plant to be counted it must be at least halfway into the quadrat and the boxes should be counted not the individual plant
what is a paired statement key?
scientist use these to distinguish organisms from one another.they key is a simple series of questions to answer yes or no to if the answer is yes the organism is placed in a specific group to figure out what it is i
what is an indicator species?
an indicator species are organisms that can tell us about the levels of pollution in an area by their presence or absence
