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Key Association Flashcards

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1
Q

Actinic (solar) keratosis

A

Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma

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2
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

A

Cushing ulcer (increase intralcrainal pressure stimulates vagal gastric secretio)

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3
Q

Acute gstric ulcer associated with sever burns

A

Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucousa)

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4
Q

Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

A

Skip lesions (crohn disease)

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5
Q

Aneurysm, dissecting

A

HTN

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6
Q

Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta

A

Atherosclerosis

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7
Q

Aortic aneurysm, arch

A

3 syphili (syphilitic aoritis), vasa vasorum destruction

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8
Q

Aortic aneurysm, ascending

A

Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

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9
Q

Atrophy of the mammillary bodies

A

Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)

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10
Q

autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

A

Sickle cell anemia (hemoglobin S)

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11
Q

Bacterial associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer

A

H. pylori

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12
Q

Bacterial meningitis (adult and elderly)

A

S. pneumoniae

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13
Q

Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)

A

Grup B strptococcus/ E. coli (newborn) S. pneumoniae/N. meningitidis (kids)

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14
Q

Benign melanocytic nevus

A

Spitz nevus (most common in 1st two decades)

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15
Q

Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency

A

Bernard-soulier syndrome (defect in platelt adhesion to von Willebrand factor)

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16
Q

Brain tumor (adults)

A

Supratentorial: metastasis> astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme)> meningioma> schwannoma

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17
Q

Brain Tumor (kids)

A

Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma

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18
Q

Breast Mass

A

Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)

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19
Q

Cardiac 1 tumor (kids

A

Rhadomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis

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20
Q

cardiac manifestation of lupus

A

libman-sack endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)

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21
Q

cardiac tumor (adult)

A

Metastasis, 1 myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium; “ball and valve)

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22
Q

cerebellar tonsillar herniation

A

Chiari II malformation

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23
Q

Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

A

Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)

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24
Q

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

A

DES exposure in utero

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25
compression fracture
Osteoporosis (type 1: postmenopausal woman; type 2: elderly man or woman)
26
congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
21 hydroxylase deficiency
27
congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
28
congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
Dubin johnson syndrome (inablility of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
29
constrictive pericarditis
TB (developing world); SLE (developed world)
30
coronary artery involved in thrombosis
LAD > RCA > LCA
31
Cretinism
Iodine deficit/ hypothyroidism
32
Cushing syndrome
``` Iatrogenic Cushing (from corticosteroid therapy) Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol) ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma Paraneoplastic Cushing (due to ACTH secretion by tumors) ```
33
Cyanosis (early; less common)
Tretralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus
34
Cyanosis (late; more common)
VSD, ASD, PDA
35
death in CML
blast crisis
36
death in SLE
lupus nephropathy
37
Dementia
Alzeheimer disease, multiple infarcts
38
demyelinating disease in young women
Multiple sclerosis
39
DIC
severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery
40
Dietary deficit
iron
41
diverticulum in pharynx
Zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)
42
Ejection Click
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis
43
Esophageal cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (US)
44
Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)
S. aureus, B. cereus
45
Glomerulonephritis (adult)
Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)
46
Gynecologic malignancy
Endometrial carcinoma (most common in US); cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)
47
Heart murmur, congenital
Mitral valve prolapse
48
heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
Mitral > aortic (Rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)
49
helminth infections (US)
Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides
50
Hematoma-epidural
Rupture of middle meningeal artery (rauma; lentiform shaped)
51
hemochormoatosis
Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, "bronze diabetes," and Increase risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)
52
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Cirrhotic liver(associated with hepatitis B and C and with alcoholism)
53
hereditary bleeding disorder
von Willebrand disease
54
Hereditary harmless jaundice
Gilber syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
55
HLA B-27
Ankylosing spodnylitis, reactive arthritis, ulcerative coiitis,, psoriatic arthritis
56
HLA DR3 or DR4
DM type 1, RA, SLE
57
Holosystolic murmur
VSD, trisuspid regurgitationn, mitral regurgitation
58
Hypercoagulabillity, endothelial damage, blood stasis
Virchow triad (results in venous thrombosis)
59
HTN, secondary
Renal disease
60
HPT
Accidental excision during thyroidectomy
61
hypopituitarism
Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)
62
infections 2 to blood transfusion
Hep C
63
infections in chronic granulomatous disease
S. aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (catalase +)
64
intellectual disability
Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome
65
Kidney stones
Ca = radiopaque struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease + organisms such as Prteus vulgaris or staph) Uric acid = radiolucent
66
Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrecteed L to R becomes R to L)
Eisenmenger syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)
67
Liver disease
Alcoholic cirrhosis
68
Lysosomal storage disease
Gaucher disease
69
male cancer
Prostatic carcinoma
70
Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever
Hodgkin lymphoma
71
Malignancy (kids
ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
72
Metastases to bone
Prostate, breast > lung > thyroid
73
Metastases to brain
Lung > breast > GU > melanoma > GI
74
Metastases to liver
Colon >> stomach, pancreas
75
Mitochondrial inheritance
Disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only
76
Mitral valve stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
77
MIxed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
78
Myocarditis
Coxsackie B
79
Nephrotic syndrome (adults)
focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
80
Nephrotic syndrome (kids)
Minimal change disease
81
neuron migration failure
Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)
82
nosocominal pneumonia
Klebsiella, E. coli, seudomonas aeruginosa
83
Obstruction of male urinary tract
BPH
84
Opportunistic infection in AIDs
Pneumocystis jirvecii pneumonia
85
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
Salmonella
86
osteomyelitis with IV drug use
Pseudomonas, S. aureus
87
ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer
krunkenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet0-ring cells)
88
Ovarian tumor (benign, bilatera)
serous cystadenoma
89
ovarian tumor (malignant)
serous cystadenocarcinoma
90
Pancreatitis (acute)
Gallstones, alcohol
91
Pancreatitis (chronic)
Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)
92
patient with ALL/Cll/AML/CML
All: child, CLL: adult > 60, AML : aulot ~65, CML : adult 30-60
93
Pelvic inflammartory disease
Chlamydia trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae
94
philadelphia chromonsome t (9;22) (bcr-able)
CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)
95
Pituitary tumor
Prolactinoma, somatoropic "acidophilic" adenoma
96
1 amenorrhea
Turner syndrome (45, XO)
97
1 bone tumor (adults)
Multiple myeloma
98
1 hyperparathyroidisim
Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma
99
1 liver cancer
Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, a1-antitrypsin deficiency)
100
Pulmonary hypertension
COPD
101
Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities
Buerger disease (strongly associated with tobacco)
102
Renal tumor
Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndrome (EPO. renin, PTH, ACTH)
103
Right Heart failure due to pulmonary cause
Cor pulmonale
104
S3 (protodiastolic gallop)
Increase filling (left to right shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure (CHF))
105
S4 (presystolic gallop)
stiff hypertropic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restricitve cardiomyopathy)
106
2 hyperparathyroidism
hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
107
Sexaul transmitted disease
chlamydida (usually coinfected with gonorrhea)
108
SIADH
small cell carcinoma of the lung
109
site of diverticula
sigmoid colon
110
sites of atherosclerois
abdominal aorta > coronary artery ? popliteal artery > carotid artery
111
Stomach cancer
adenocarcinoma
112
stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels
Zolinger-Ellison syndrom (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)
113
t (14;18)
Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)
114
t (8;14)
Burkitt lymphoma (c-myc activation)
115
t (9;22)
Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion)
116
temporal arteritis
risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica
117
testicular tumor
seminoma (malignant, radiosensitve)
118
Thyroid cancer
papillary carcinoma
119
Tumor in Women
leiomyoma (estogen dependent, not precancerous)
120
tumor of infancy
hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)
121
tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)
pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
122
tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)
Neuroblastoma (malignant)
123
type of hodgkin
Nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
124
type of non-hodgkin
diffuse large cell
125
UTI
E. coli, Staph. saprophyticus (young women)
126
Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lob
HSV-1
127
Vitamine dficiency
Folate (pregnant women are a high risk; body stores only 3-4 months supply; prevents neural tube defects)

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