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key associations Flashcards

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1
Q

actinic (solar) keratosis

A

precursor to squamous cell carcinoma

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2
Q

acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

A

Cushing’s ulcer (increased ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion)

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3
Q

acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

A

Curling’s ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)

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4
Q

alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

A

Skip lesions (Crohn’s disease)

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5
Q

Aneurysm, dissecting

A

Hypertension

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6
Q

Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta

A

Atherosclerosis

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7
Q

Aortic aneurysm, arch

A

Tertiary syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction

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8
Q

Aortic aneurysm, ascending

A

Marfan’s syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

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9
Q

Atrophy of the mammilary bodies

A

Wernicke’s encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)

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10
Q

Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

A

Sickle cell anemia (hemoglobin S)

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11
Q

Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer

A

H. pylori

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12
Q

Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)

A

S. pneumoniae

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13
Q

Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)

A

Group B strep (newborns); S. pneumoniae/N. meningitidis (kids)

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14
Q

Benign melanocytic nevus

A

Spitz nevus (most common in first two decades)

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15
Q

Bleeding disorder with Gp1b deficiency

A

Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to vW factor)

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16
Q

Brain tumor (adults)

A

Supratentorial: metatstasis>astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme)>meningioma>schwannoma

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17
Q

Brain tumor (kids)

A

Infratentorial: medulloblatoma (cerebellum); or Supratentorial: craniopharyngioma (cerebrum)

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18
Q

Breast cancer

A

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in the U.S., 1 in 9 women will develop breast cancer)

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19
Q

Breast mass

A

Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in post-menopausal women)

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20
Q

Breast tumor (benign)

A

Fibroadenoma

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21
Q

Cardiac primary tumor (kids)

A

Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis

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22
Q

Cardiac manifestation of lupus

A

Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)

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23
Q

Cardiac tumor (adults)

A

Metastasis, primary myxoma (4:1 LA to RA, “ball and valve”)

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24
Q

cerebellar tonsilar herniation

A

Chiari malformation (often presents with progressive hydrocephalus or syringomyelia)

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25
chronic arrythmia
atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)
26
chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
27
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
DES exposure in utero
28
compression fracture
Osteoporosis (type 1: postmenopausal woman; type 2: elderly man or woman)
29
congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
21-hydroxylase deficiency
30
congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
31
congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
Dubin-Johnson synd (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
32
constrictive pericarditis
Tuberculosis (developing world); systemic lupus erythematosus (developed world)
33
Coronary artery involved in thrombosis
LAD > RCA > LCA
34
Cretinism
Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism
35
iatrogenic Cushing's
from corticosteroid therapy
36
Adrenocortical adenoma
secretes excess cortisol --> Cushing's
37
ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma
stimulates adrenal cortex --> Cushing's
38
ACTH secretion by tumors
paraneoplastic Cushing's
39
Cyanosis (early; less common)
Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus
40
Cyanosis (late; more common)
VSD, ASD, PDA
41
Death in CML
Blast crisis
42
Death in SLE
Lupus nephropathy
43
Dementia
Alzheimer's DZ, multiple infarcts
44
Demyelinating DZ in young women
multiple sclerosis
45
DIC
Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery
46
Dietary deficit
Iron
47
Diverticulum in pharynx
Zenker's diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)
48
Ejection click
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis
49
Esophageal cancer
Squamous cell (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (US)
50
Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)
S. Aureus, B. Cereus
51
Glomerulonephritis (adults)
Berger's DZ (IgA nephropathy)
52
Gynecologic malignancy
endometrial carcinoma (US); cervical carcinoma (worldwide)
53
Heart murmur, congenital
Mitral valve prolapse
54
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)
55
Helminth infection (U.S.)
enterobius vermicularis, ascaris lumbricoides
56
Hematoma - epidural
rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)
57
Hematoma - subdural
Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)
58
Hemochromatosis
Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, "bronze diabetes", and risk of hep. carcinoma)
59
Hepatocellular carcinoma
cirrhotic liver (associated with HBV, HCV, and alcoholism)
60
Hereditary bleeding disorder
von Willebrand's DZ
61
Hereditary harmless jaundice
Gilbert's syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
62
HLA-B27
Ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis
63
HLA-DR3 or DR4
DM1, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE
64
Holosystolic murmur
VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
65
Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis
Virchow's triad (results in venous thrombosis)
66
Hypertension, secondary
Renal disease
67
Hypoparathyroidism
Accidental excision during thyroidectomy
68
Hypopituitarism
Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)
69
Infection secondary to blood transfusion
HCV
70
Infections in chronic granulomatous disease
S. Aureus, E. Coli, Aspergillus (catalase-positive)
71
Radiopaque stones
calcium and struvite (ammonium) stones
72
Organisms leading to struvite stones
Proteus and staphylococcus
73
Radiolucent stones
uric acid stones
74
Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected L-R becomes R-L)
Eisenmenger's syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary HTN/polycythemia)
75
Liver disease
alcoholic cirrhosis
76
lysosomal storage disease
Gaucher's disease
77
Male cancer
prostatic carcinoma
78
Malignancy associated with non-infectious fever
Hodgkin's lymphoma
79
Malignancy (kids)
ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
80
Mental retardation
Down Syndrome, Fragile X Syndrome
81
Metastases to bone
Prostate, breast > lung > thyroid, testes
82
Metastases to brain
Lung > breast > genitourinary > osteosarcoma > melanoma > GI
83
metastases to liver
Colon >> stomach, pancreas
84
mitochondrial inheritance
Disease occurs in both m/f, inherited through females only
85
Mitral valve stenosis
rheumatic heart disease
86
Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron DZ
ALS
87
myocarditis
Coxsackie B
88
Nephrotic syndrome (adults)
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
89
Nephrotic syndrome (kids)
minimal change disease
90
Neuron migration failure
Kallman syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)
91
Nosocomial pneumonia
Klebsiella, E. coli, Pseudomonas
92
Obstruction of male urinary tract
BPH
93
Opening snap
mitral stenosis
94
Opportunistic infection in AIDS
P. jirovecii (formerly carinii) pneumonia
95
Osteomyelitis
S. aureus
96
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell DZ
Salmonella
97
Osteomyelitis with IV drug use
Pseudomonas, S. aureus
98
Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer
Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells)
99
Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)
serous cystadenoma
100
Pancreatitis (acute)
Gallstones, alcohol
101
Pancreatitis (chronic)
Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)
102
Patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML
ALL: child, CLL: adult > 60; AML: adult ~65; CML: adult 30-60
103
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Chlamydia trachomatis, n. gonorrhoeae
104
Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (bcr-abl)
CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)
105
Pituitary tumor
Prolactinoma, somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma
106
Primary amenorrhea
Turner syndrome (45, XO)
107
Primary bone tumor (adults)
Multiple myeloma
108
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Adenoma of adrenal cortex
109
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma
110
Primary liver cancer
Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, a1 antitrypsin deficiency)
111
Pulmonary hypertension
COPD
112
Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities
Buerger's DZ (strongly associated with tobacco)
113
Renal tumor (paraneoplastic syndromes: EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)
Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Landau and cigarette smoking
114
Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause
Cor pulmonale
115
S3 (protodiastolic gallop)
^ ventricular filling (L>R shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure [CHF])
116
S4 (presystolic gallop)
Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
117
secondary hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
118
Sexually transmitted DZ
Chlamydia (usually coinfected with gonorrhea)
119
SIADH
Small cell carcinoma of lung
120
Site of diverticula
sigmoid colon (LLQ)
121
Sites of atherosclerosis
abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery
122
Stomach cancer
Adenocarcinoma
123
Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)
124
t(14;18)
Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)
125
t(8;14)
Burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc activation)
126
t(9;22)
Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion)
127
Temporal arteritis
Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica
128
Testicular tumor
seminoma
129
Thyroid cancer
papillary carcinoma
130
Tumor in women
leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)
131
Tumor of infancy
hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)
132
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)
Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
133
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)
Neuroblastoma (malignant)
134
Type of Hodgkin's
Nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
135
Type of non-Hodgkin's
Diffuse large cell
136
UTI
E. coli, Staph saprophyticus (young women)
137
Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe
HSV-1
138
Vitamin deficiency (U.S.); body stores only 3-4-month supply
Folate (pregnant women are at high risk; prevents neural tube defects)

First Aid Rapid Review (3 decks)

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