Key Associations Flashcards
(135 cards)
1
Q
actinic (solar) keratosis
A
precursor to SSCarcinoma
2
Q
acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
A
cushing ulcer (increased intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric secretion)
3
Q
acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
A
curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)
4
Q
alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon
A
skip lesions (crohn disease)
5
Q
aneurysm, dissecting
A
hypertension
6
Q
aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta
A
atherosclerosis
7
Q
aortic aneurysm, arch (2)
A
tertiary syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction
8
Q
aortic aneurysm, ascending
A
marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)
9
Q
atrophy of the mammillary bodies
A
Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine def. causing “eyes, lies, capsize”
ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, confusion/confabulation
10
Q
autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)
A
sickle cell anemia (HbS)
11
Q
Bacteria associated with gastritis, PUD, and stomach cancer
A
H. Pylori
12
Q
Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)
A
strep pneumoniae (listeria)
13
Q
bacterial meningitis (neonate) (3)
A
Group B strep (agalactiae), E.Coli, Listeria
14
Q
bacterial meningitis (kids) (2)
A
S. pneumo, N. meningitidis
15
Q
benign melanocytic nevus
A
spitz nevus (most common in 1st two decades)
16
Q
bleeding disorder with GpIb def.
A
Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to vWBf)
17
Q
brain tumor (adults) (3)
A
supratentorial: metastasis>astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme)>meningioma>schwannoma
18
Q
brain tumor (kids) (2)
A
infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma
19
Q
breast cancer
A
infiltrating ductal carcinoma
20
Q
breast mass
A
fibrocystic change
carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)
21
Q
breast tumor (benign)
A
fibroadenoma
22
Q
cardiac primary tumor (kids)
A
rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis
23
Q
cardiac manifestations of lupus
A
libman-sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve”
24
Q
cerebellar tonsillar herniation
A
Chiari II malformation
25
chronic arrhythmia
atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)
26
chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
27
clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
DES esposure in utero
28
compression fracture
Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal woman; type II: elderly man or woman)
29
congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
21-hydroxylase def.
30
congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
31
congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
dubin-johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
32
constrictive pericarditis (2)
TB (developing world);
SLE (developed world)
33
coronary artery involved in thrombosis
LAD>RCA>LCA
34
cretinism
iodine deficit/hypothyroidsim
35
cushing syndrome (4)
- iatrogenic cushing (from corticosteroid therapy)
- adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
- ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma
- paraneoplastic cushing (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)
36
cyanosis (early; less common) (3)
Tetralogy of Falot
Transposition of great vessels,
truncus arteriosus (R to L shunts)
37
cyanosis (late; more common) (3)
VSD, ASD, PDA (L to R shunts)
38
death in CML
blast crisis
39
death in SLE
lupus nephropathy
40
dementia (2)
alzheimer disease
| multiple infarcts
41
demyelinating disease in young women
MS
42
DIC
"stop making new thrombi" ?
```
severe sepsis
obstetric complications
cancer
burns
trauma
surgery
```
43
dietary deficit
iron
44
diverticulum in pharynx
zenker (diagnosed by barium swallow)
45
ejection click
aortic/pulmonic stenosis
46
esophageal cancer prevalence (2)
adenocarcinoma (US)
| SSC (worldwide)
47
food poisoning (exotoxin mediated) (2)
Staph aureus
| bacillus cereus
48
glomerulonephritis (adults)
Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)
49
gynecologic malignancy prevalance (2)
```
endometrial carcinoma (US)
cervical carcinoma (worldwide)
```
50
heart murmur, congenital
MVP
51
heart valve in bacterial endocarditis (3)
mitral>aortic (rheumatic fever)
tricuspid (IV drug abuse)
52
helminth infection (US) (2)
enterobius vermicularis
ascaris lumbricoides
53
hematoma-epidural
rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)
(branch of maxillary?)
54
hematoma-subdural
rupture of briding veins (crescent shaped)
55
hemochromatosis
multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, "bronze diabetes," and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)
56
hepatocellular carcinoma
cirrhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B and C and with alcoholism)
57
hereditary bleeding disorder
vW disease
58
hereditary harmless jaundice
gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
59
HLA-B27
ankylosing spondylitis
reactive arthritis
ulcerative colitis/inflammatory bowel
psoriatic arthritis
60
HLA-DR3/4 (3)
DM type II
Rheumatoid Arthritis
SLE
61
Holosystolic murmer (3)
VSD
TR
MR
62
Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis
Virchow triad (results in venous thrombosis)
63
Secondary Hypertension
renal disease
64
hypoparathyroidism
accidental excision during thyroidectomy
65
hypopituitarism
pituitary adenoma (benign)
66
infection secondary to blood transfusion
hepatitis C
67
infections in chronic granulomatous disease
Staphylococcus aureus, E. Coli, Aspergillus (catalase +)
| spans kec?
68
kidney stones
1) calcium = radiopaque
2) struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (urease+ such as proteus or staphylococcus)
3) uric acid = radiolucent
69
late cyanotic shunt
eisenmenger syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary HTN/polycythemia)
70
liver disease
alcoholic cirrhosis
71
lysosomal storage disease
gaucher diease
72
male cancer
prostatic carcinoma
73
malignancy associated with noninfectious fever
hodgkin lymphoma
74
malignancy (kids) (2)
ALL
medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
75
metastases to bone (4)
prostate, breast>lung>thyroid
76
metastasis to brain
lung>breast>GU>melanoma>GI
77
metastasis to liver
colon>>stomach, pancreas
78
mitochondrial inheritance
disease occurs in both males and females
inherited through females only
seen in all children
79
mitral valve stenosis
rheumatic heart disease
80
mixed (UMN and LMN) disease
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
81
myocarditis
coxsackie B
82
nephrotic syndrome (adults)
focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
83
nephrotic syndrome (kids)
minimal change disease
84
neuron migration failure
kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)
85
nosocomial pneumonia
Klebsiella
E Coli
Pseudomonal aeruginosa
86
obstruction of male urinary tract
BPH
87
opening snap
mitral stenosis
88
opportunistic infections in AIDS
pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
89
osteomyelitis
s. aureus
90
osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
salmonella
91
osteomyelitis with IV drug use (2)
pseudomonas
s. aureus
92
ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer
krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells)
93
ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)
serous cystadenoma
94
ovarian tumor (malig)
serious cystadenocarcinoma
95
pancreatitis (acute) (2)
gallstones, alcohol
96
pancreatitis (chronic) (2)
alcohol (adults)
cystic fibrosis (kids)
97
patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML
ALL: child
CLL: adult>60
AML: adult ~65
CML: adult 30-60
98
pelvic inflammatory disease (2)
chlamydia trachomatis
neisseria gonorrhoeae
99
philadelphia chromosome
t(9,22) (bcr-abl), CML (may sometimes be assoc. with ALL/AML)
100
pituitary tumor (2)
prolactinoma
somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma
101
primary amenorrhea
turner syndrome (45,XO)
102
primary bone tumor (adults)
multiple myeloma
103
primary hyperaldosteronism
adenoma of adrenal cortex
104
primary hyperparathyroidism (3)
ademonas
hyperplasia
carcinoma
105
primary liver cancer
hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha-1-antitrypsin def)
106
pulmonary HTN
COPD
107
recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities
buerger disease (smoking)
108
renal tumor
RCC: assoc w/ vHL and smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)
109
RHF due to pulmonary cause
cor pulmonale
110
S3 (protodiastolic gallop)
increased ventr. filling (left-to-right shunt, MR, LV failure)
normal in the young
111
S4 (presystolic gallop)
stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
112
secondary hyperparathyroidism
hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
113
sexually transmitted disease
chlamydia (usually coinfected with gonorrhea)
114
SIADH
SSC of lung
115
site of diverticula
sigmoid colon
116
sites of atherosclerosis
abdominal aorta>coronary>popliteal>carotid
117
stomach cancer
adenocarcinoma
118
stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels
zollinger-ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)
119
t(14,18)
follicular lymphoma (bcl-2 activation)
120
t(8,14)
burkitt lymphoma (c-myc) activation
121
t(9,22)
philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion)
122
temporal arteritis (2)
risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of opththalmic artery;
polymyalgia rheumatica
123
testicular tumor
seminoma (malig, radiosensitive)
124
thyroid cancer
papillary carcinoma
125
tumor in women
leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)
126
tumor of infancy
hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)
127
tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)
pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
128
tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)
neuroblastoma (malignant)
129
most common type of hodgkin
nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
130
most common non-hodgkin
diffuse large cell
131
UTI
Ecoli staph saprophyticus (young women)
132
viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe
HSV-1
133
vitamin deficiency (US)
folate (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3 to 4 month supply; prevents neural tube defects)
134
odds ratio formula vs Relative risk vs attributable risk (ARR)
odds: ad/bc
RR: risk of the shit/risk of the not shit
AR or ARR: risk of the shit minus risk of the not shit
135
4 pharm equations
Vd = (IV dose) / [plasma]
CL = .7Vd / half life
LD = Css x Vd
MD = Css x CL
