Labs/Findings Flashcards
(106 cards)
1
Q
Anti-centromere Ab
A
Scleroderma (CREST)
2
Q
anti-desmoglein (epithelial) ab
A
pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
3
Q
anti-glomerular BM ab
A
goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)
4
Q
anti-histone ab
A
drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, INH, phenytoin, procainamide)
5
Q
anti-IgG ab
A
rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)
6
Q
anti-mitochondrial ab (AMA)
A
primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)
7
Q
MPO-anca/p-anca
A
microscopic polyangiitis
churg-strauss
8
Q
PR3-anca/c-anca
A
wegener granulomatosis with polyangiitis
9
Q
anti-nuclear ab (ANA: smith, dsDNA)
A
SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
10
Q
anti-platelet ab
A
ITP
11
Q
anti-topoisomerase
A
diffuse systemic scleroderma
12
Q
anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial ab
A
celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)
13
Q
“apple core” lesion on abdominal xray
A
left-sided colorectal cancer
14
Q
azurophilic peroxidase + granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts
A
aeur rods (AML, especially promyelocytic M3 type)
15
Q
Bacitracin response
A
Strep pyogenes (group A): bacitracin SENSITIVE
Strep agalactiae (group B): bacitracin RESISTANT
16
Q
“bamboo spine” on xray
A
ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis HLA-B27)
17
Q
Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
A
Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
18
Q
basophilic stippling of RBCs
A
lead poisoning/sideroblastic anemia
19
Q
bloody tap on LP
A
subarachnoid hemorrhage
20
Q
“boot shaped” heart on xray
A
Tetralogy of Fallot
RVH
21
Q
Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules
A
actinomyces israelii
22
Q
Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging
A
pancoast tumor (sympathetic ganglion-horner)
23
Q
“brown tumor” of bone
A
hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)
24
Q
Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
A
Chagas disease (T. Cruzi)
25
Cellular crescents in Bowman capsule
RPGN
26
"chocolate cyst" of ovary
endometriosis (bilateral usually)
27
circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neutrophils
Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)
28
Colonies of mucoid pseudomonas in lungs
cystic fibrosis (autosomal recessive mutation in CFTR gene: fat-sol vit. def. and mucous plugs)
29
decreased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Down's
30
Degeneration of dorsal column nerves
Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis)
Subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns and LCST)
31
Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
Parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
32
desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)
33
disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
call-exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)
34
dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)
35
enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
"owl eye" appearance of CMV
36
englarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei
"orphan annie" eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
37
eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
mallory body (alcoholic liver disease)
38
eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
Lewy body (parkinson disease)
39
eosinophilic globule in liver
councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
40
eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar nerve cells
negri bodies of rabies
41
extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
senile plaques (alzheimer)
42
giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions ("owl's eye")
reed-sternberg cells (hodgkin lymphoma)
43
glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
schiller-duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
44
"hair on end" (crew cut) appearance on xray
beta-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)
45
hCG elevated
choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo, and multiple pregnancy)
46
heart nodules (granulomatous)
aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
47
heterophile antibodies
infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
48
hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
bronchial asthma (charcot-leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)
49
high levels of D-dimers
DVT, PE, DIC
50
hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
ghon complex (primary TB: mycobacterium bacilli)
51
"honeycomb lung" on xray or CT
interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
52
hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)
trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)
53
hypersegmented neutrophils
megaloblastic anemia (B12 def.: neuro symptoms; folate deficiency: no neuro symptoms)
54
HTN, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
Conn syndrome
55
hypochromic, microcytic anemia
iron def. anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal Hg sometimes present)
56
Increased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum (3)
dating error,
anencephaly,
spina bifida (Neural tube defect)
57
Increased uric acid levels (5)
```
gout
lesch-nyhan
tumor lysis
loop diuretics
thiazide
```
58
intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)
59
iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increased change of mesothelioma)
60
kertatin perals on a skin bopsy
SSCarcinoma
61
Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
Chediak-Higashi (congential failure of phagolysosome)
62
"lead pipe" appearance of colon on barium enema on xray
Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)
63
Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular basement membrane
goodpasture syndrome
64
Low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
65
"lumpy bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on IF
PSGN (deposition of IgG and C3b)
66
Lytic "hole punched" bone lesions on xray
multiple myeloma
67
Mammary gland "blue domed" cyst
fibrocystic change of the breast
68
monoclonal Ab spike (4)
- multiple myeloma (IgG or IgA)
- MGUS
- Waldenstrom (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia
- Primary amyloidosis
69
mucin-filled cell w/ peripheral nucleus
signet ring (gastric CA)
70
narrowing of bowel lumen on barium xray
string sign (Crohn disease)
71
necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis (2)
wegeners granulomatosis with polyangiitis (pr3-anca/c-anca)
goodpasture syndrome (anti-BM)
72
needle shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
gout (monosodium urate)
73
nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
kimmelstiel-wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
74
novobicin response
SENSITIVE: staph epidermidis
RESISTANT: staph saprophyticus
75
"nutmeg" appearance of liver
chronic passive congestion of liver due to RHF
76
"onion skin" periosteal reaction
Ewing Sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)
77
Optochin response
SENSITIVE: strep pneumo
RESISTANT: strep viridans
78
periosteum raised from bone, created trangular area (3)
codman triangle on xray
1) osteosarcoma
2) ewing sarcoma
3) pyogenic osteomyelitis
79
podocyte fusion or "effacement" on EM
minimal change disease (child w/ nephrotic)
80
polished "ivory like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
81
protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein
neurofibrillary tangles (alzheimer)
pick bodies (pick disease)
82
psammoma bodies (4)
meningiomas
papillary thyroid CA
mesothelioma
papillary serous CA of endometrium and ovary
83
pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
glioblastoma multiforme
84
RBC casts in urine
acute glomerulonephritis
85
rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig Cells
reinke crystals (leydig cell tumor)
86
renal epithelial casts in urine
acute toxic/viral renal injury
87
rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)
88
Rib notching
coarctation of the aorta
89
ring-enhancing brain lesions in AIDS (2)
toxoplasma gondii
CNS lymphoma
90
Sheets of medium sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages ("starry sky" histology)
Burkitt lymphoma (8,14) c-myc activation, associated with EBC; "black sky" made up of malignant cells
91
silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
Pick bodies (pick disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)
92
"soap bubble" in femur or tibia on xray
giant cell tumor of bone (benign)
93
"spikes" on basement membrane, "dome-like" subepithelial deposits
membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)
94
stacks of RBCs
roulaeux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)
95
stippled vaginal epithelial cells
"clue cells" Gardnerella vaginalis
96
"tennis racket" shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells
Birbeck granules (langerhans cell histiocytosis or histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)
97
Thrombi made of white/red layers
lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)
98
"thumb sign on lateral xray
epiglottitis (h. flu)
99
thyroidization of kidney
chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
100
"tram track" appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membrane on light microscopy
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
101
triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
102
waxy casts with very low urine flow
chronic end stage renal disease
103
WBC casts in urine
acute pyelonephritis
104
WBCs that look smudged
CLL
105
wire loop glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy
Lupus nephropathy
106
yellowish CSF
xanthochromia (due to subarachnoid hemorrhage etc)
