Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Step 1 - Rapid Review > Key Associations > Flashcards

Key Associations Flashcards

(133 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

actinic (solar) keratosis

A

precursor to squamous cell ca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

A

cushing ulcer (increased ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

A

curling ulcer (reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

A

skip lesions (Crohn disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

aneurysm (dissecting)

A

HTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta

A

atherosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

aortic aneurysm, arch

A

tertiary syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

aortic aneurysm, ascending

A

Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

atrophy of mammillary bodies

A

wernicke encephalopathy (thiaminie deficiency causing ataxia, ophtalmoplegia, and confusion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

A

sickle cell anemia (hemoglobin S)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

bacteria assoc with gastritis, PUD, and stomach ca

A

H. pylori

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)

A

strep pneumo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)

A

GBS/E. coli (newborns), strep pneumo/neisseria meningitidis (kids)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

benign melanocytic nevus

A

spitz nevus (mcc in first 2 decades)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

bleeding disorder w/Gp1b deficiency

A

Bernard-soulier syndrom (defect in platelet adhesion to vWF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

brain tumor (adults)

A

supratentorial: met > astrocytoma (incl glioblastoma) > meningioma > schwannoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

brain tumor (kids)

A

infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

breast ca

A

infiltrating ductal ca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

breast mass

A

fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

breast tumor (benign)

A

fibroadenoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

cardiac primary tumor (kids)

A

rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

cardiac manifestation of lupus

A

Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

cardiac tumor (adults)

A

metastasis, primary myxoma (4:1 L to R atrium; “ball and valve”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

cerebellar tonsillar herniation

A

Chiari II malformation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
chronic arrhythmia
afib (assoc w/risk of emboli)
26
chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
predisposed to gastric carcinoma, pernicious anemia
27
clear cell adenocarcinoma of vagina
DES exposure in utero
28
compression fracture
osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal women; type II: elderly man or woman)
29
CAH, hypotension
21-hydroxylase deficiency
30
congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
31
congenital conjugated hyperbili (black liver)
Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conj bili into bile)
32
constrictive pericarditis
TB (developing world); SLE (developed world)
33
coronary artery thrombosis
LAD>RCA>LCA
34
cretinism
iodine deficit/hypothyroidism
35
Cushing's syndrome
``` iatrogenic cushing (from corticosteroid tx) adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol) ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma paraneoplastic cushing (due to ACTH secretion by tumor) ```
36
cyanosis (early; less common)
T of F, TGA, truncus arteriosus
37
cyanosis (late; more common)
VSD, ASD, PDA
38
death in CML
blast crisis
39
death in SLE
lupus nephropathy
40
dementia
alzheimer dz, multiple infarcts
41
demyelinating dz in young women
MS
42
DIC
sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery
43
dietary deficit
Iron
44
diverticulum in pharynx
Zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)
45
ejection click
aortic/pulmonic stenosis
46
esophageal ca
squamous cell ca (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (US)
47
food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)
s. aureus, b. cereus
48
glomerulonephritis (adults)
berger disease (IgA nephropathy)
49
gynecologic malignancy
endometrial ca (mc in US); cervical ca (mc worldwide)
50
heart murmur, congenital
mitral valve prolapse
51
heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
mitral>aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IVDA)
52
helminth infxn (US)
enterobius vermicularis, ascaris lumbricoides
53
hematoma - epidural
middle meningeal a. (trauma, lentiform-shaped)
54
hematoma - subdural
bridging veins (crescent shaped)
55
hemochromatosis
multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, "bronze diabetes," and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)
56
hepatocellular carcinoma
cirrhotic liver (assoc w hep B and C, alcoholism)
57
hereditary bleeding d/o
VWD
58
hereditary harmless jaundice
gilbert syndrome (unconjugated hyperbili)
59
HLAB27
ankylosing spondylitis reactive arthritis UC psoriatic arthritis
60
HLADR3 or DR4
DM I, RA, SLE
61
holosystolic murmur
VSD, TR, MR
62
hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis
Virchow's triad
63
secondary HTN
renal disease
64
hypoparathyroidism
accidental excision during thyroidectomy
65
hypopituitarism
pituitary adenoma (usually benign)
66
infection 2/2 transfusion
HCV
67
CGD infxns
s. aureus, e. coli, aspergillus
68
intellectual disability
down syndrome, fragile X
69
kidney stones
calcium = radiopaque struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease+ organisms like proteus, staph) uric acid = radiolucent
70
late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left)
Eisenmenger syndrome (c/b ASD, VSD, PDA; results in PH, polycythemia)
71
liver disease
alcoholic cirrhosis
72
lysosomal storage disease
gaucher disease
73
male cancer
prostatic carcinoma
74
malignancy associated with noninfectious fever
hodgkin lymphoma
75
malgnancy (kids)
ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
76
mets to bone
prostate, breast > lung > thyroid
77
mets to brain
lung > breast > GU > melanoma > GI
78
mets to liver
colon >> stomach, panc
79
mitochondrial inheritance
disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only
80
mitral valve stenosis
rheumatic heart disease
81
mixed UMN LMN lesion
ALS
82
myocarditis
coxsackie B
83
nephrotic syndrome (adults)
FSGS
84
nephrotic syndrome (kids)
minimal change
85
neuron migration failure
kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)
86
nosocomial PNA
klebsiella, e. coli, pseudomonas
87
male urinary tract obstruction
BPH
88
opening snap
mitral stenosis
89
AIDS opportunistic infxn
PCP pneumonia
90
osteomyelitis
s. aureus
91
osteomyelitis in ss
salmonella
92
osteomyelitis with IVDA
pseudomonas, s. aureus
93
ovarian met from gastric ca or breast ca
krukenberg (mucin-secreting, signet-ring cells)
94
ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)
serous cystadenoma
95
ovarian tumor (malignant)
serous cystadenocarcinoma
96
pancreatitis (acute)
gallstones, etoh
97
pancreatitis (chronic)
alcohol (adults), CF (kids)
98
patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML
ALL: child CLL: adult >60 AML: adult ~65 CML: 30-60
99
PID
chlamydia, gonorrhea
100
Phil chromosome t(9;22) (bcr-abl)
CML (sometimes associated with ALL/AML)
101
pituitary tumor
prolactinoma, somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma
102
primary amenorrhea
turner syndrome (45, XO)
103
primary bone tumor (adults)
multiple myeloma
104
primary hyperaldo
adenoma of adrenal cortex
105
primary hyperparathyroidism
adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma
106
primary liver cancer
HCC (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency)
107
pulmonary HTN
COPD
108
recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities
buerger disease (assoc with tobacco)
109
renal tumor
RCC (assoc with VHL and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes - EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)
110
right heart failure 2/2 pulm cause
cor pulmonale
111
S3 (protodiastolic gallop)
increased ventricular filling (L to R shunt, MR, LV failure)
112
S4 (presystolic gallop)
stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (AS, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
113
STD
chlamydia (commonly coinfected with gonorrhea)
114
SIADH
small cell ca of lung
115
site of diverticula
sigmoid colon
116
sites of atherosclerosis
abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal > carotid
117
stomach cancer
adenocarcinoma
118
stomach ulcers and high gastrin
zollinger-ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or panc)
119
t(14;18)
follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)
120
t(8;14)
burkitt lymphoma (c-myc activation)
121
t(9;22)
phil chromosome (bcr-abl fusion)
122
temporal arteritis
risk of ipsilateral blindness 2/2 thrombosis of ophthalmic artery; PMR
123
testicular tumor
seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive)
124
thyroid ca
papillary carcinoma
125
tumor in women
leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)
126
tumor of infancy
hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)
127
tumor of adrenal medulla (adults)
pheo (usually benign)
128
tumor of adrenal medulla (kids)
neuroblastoma (malignant)
129
type of hodgkin
good vs. bad nodular sclerosis (vs mixed cellularity, lymphocyte predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
130
type of non-hodgkin
diffuse large cell
131
UTI
e. coli, staph saprophyticus (young women)
132
viral encephalitis of temporal lobe
HSV1
133
vitamin deficiency (US)
folate (pregnancy is risk factor, body stores only 3-4 month supply)

Step 1 - Rapid Review (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions